Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 128 - 132 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18 İndeks Tarihi: 17-07-2020

Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies

Öz:
BACKGROUND: Comprehensive tobacco control law in Turkey bans advertisement, promotion of tobacco products and sponsorship by the tobacco industry. Advertisement of tobacco products was banned on television, billboards and press media, but not on movie films.METHODS: To evaluate the frequency and duration of smoking in the movies, 60 most watched Turkish films which were on the vision during the second half of 2016 were determined for this descriptive study. Two young males having a university degree were trained on the aim and methodology of the study. Then the two observers viewed the films independently and recorded smoking scenes or direct appearance of tobacco products on a standard form.RESULTS: There were tobacco products or smoking views in 36 (60%) out of total 60 movies. In these movies there were 4.75 times tobacco occurrences as an average (median 3). Average duration of smoking occurrences was almost 3.5 min (198 s). Smokers were mostly main characters and smoking occurrences were mostly in exciting or romantic atmosphere, which are attractive for young people.DISCUSSION: In the light of Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (Article 13), smoking scenes in movies are considered as kind of tobacco advertisement and promotion, which influences smoking behavior particularly the young people. Therefore, control and prevention of smoking occurrences in movies are important for the protection of children and young people to start smoking. Some health warnings and anti‑tobacco messages may be placed in the movies, to reduce tobacco views in the movies.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Heydari G, Chamyani F, Masjedi MR, Fadaizadeh L. Comparison of tobacco control programs worldwide: A quantitative analysis of the 2015 World Health Organization MPOWER report. Int J Prev Med 2016;7:127.
  • 2. World Health Organization. World Report on Global Tobacco Epidemic. MPOWER 2017. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017.
  • 3. Law on Prevention of Harms of Tobacco Products. Official Gazette, No. 22829; 1996.
  • 4. Bill Amending the Law on Prevention of Hazards of Tobacco Products. Official Gazette No. 26761; 2008.
  • 5. Sinema Filmlerinin Degerlendirilmesi ve Siniflandirilmasi ile Desteklenmesi Hakkinda Kanun, No. 5224, Official Gazette No. 25529; 2004.
  • 6. Sargent JD, Dalton MA, Beach ML, Mott LA, Tickle JJ, Ahrens MB, et al. Viewing tobacco use in movies: Does it shape attitudes that mediate adolescent smoking? Am J Prev Med 2002;22:137‑45.
  • 7. Escamilla G, Cradock AL, Kawachi I. Women and smoking in hollywood movies: A content analysis. Am J Public Health 2000;90:412‑4.
  • 8. Office of the Surgeon General. Preventing Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2012.
  • 9. Tynan MA, Polansky JR, Titus K, Atayeva R, Glantz SA. Tobacco use in top‑grossing movies – United States, 2010‑2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017;66:681‑6.
  • 10. Shmueli D, Prochaska JJ, Glantz SA. Effect of smoking scenes in films on immediate smoking: A randomized controlled study. Am J Prev Med 2010;38:351‑8.
  • 11. Smoking in the Movies, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fact Sheet. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/youth_data/movies/index. htm. [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 28].
  • 12. Motion Picture Association of America. Film Ratings; Classification of Rating Rules. Washington DC: Natl. Assoc. of Theatre Owners, Inc.; 2010. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/.../Motion_ Picture_Association_of_America_film_rating_syst. [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 28].
  • 13. Available from: http://www.sinema.gov.tr. [Last accessed 2017 Nov 28].
  • 14. Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2012, Turkey Report. Ministry of Health Publication No. 948. Ankara; 2014.
  • 15. Ministry of Health, Turkey. Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2016. Turkey: Ministry of Health, Turkey; 2016.
  • 16. Gajanan M. Health experts are worried about a huge rise in smoking in movies. Time Health 2017. Available from: https:// www.webmd.com/news/articles. [Last accessed on 2017 Nov 28].
  • 17. World Health Organızatıon. Smoke Free Movies, From Evidence to Action., Geneva: World Health Organızatıon; 2015. p. 8‑28.
  • 18. Glantz SA, Titus K, Mitschel S, Polansky JR, Kaufmann R. Smoking in top grossing movies, US, 1991‑2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:1014‑7.
APA Bilir N, Ozcebe H, Akçay Ş, BABAOĞLU E, CANBAKAN S, CİRİT B, ERÇEN DİKEN Ö, Acar T (2018). Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. , 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
Chicago Bilir Nazmi,Ozcebe Hilal,Akçay Şule,BABAOĞLU Elif,CANBAKAN Sema,CİRİT Burcu,ERÇEN DİKEN Özlem,Acar Tijen Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. (2018): 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
MLA Bilir Nazmi,Ozcebe Hilal,Akçay Şule,BABAOĞLU Elif,CANBAKAN Sema,CİRİT Burcu,ERÇEN DİKEN Özlem,Acar Tijen Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. , 2018, ss.128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
AMA Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. . 2018; 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
Vancouver Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. . 2018; 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
IEEE Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T "Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies." , ss.128 - 132, 2018. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
ISNAD Bilir, Nazmi vd. "Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies". (2018), 128-132. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
APA Bilir N, Ozcebe H, Akçay Ş, BABAOĞLU E, CANBAKAN S, CİRİT B, ERÇEN DİKEN Ö, Acar T (2018). Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology, 20(3), 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
Chicago Bilir Nazmi,Ozcebe Hilal,Akçay Şule,BABAOĞLU Elif,CANBAKAN Sema,CİRİT Burcu,ERÇEN DİKEN Özlem,Acar Tijen Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 20, no.3 (2018): 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
MLA Bilir Nazmi,Ozcebe Hilal,Akçay Şule,BABAOĞLU Elif,CANBAKAN Sema,CİRİT Burcu,ERÇEN DİKEN Özlem,Acar Tijen Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology, vol.20, no.3, 2018, ss.128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
AMA Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology. 2018; 20(3): 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
Vancouver Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies. Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology. 2018; 20(3): 128 - 132. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
IEEE Bilir N,Ozcebe H,Akçay Ş,BABAOĞLU E,CANBAKAN S,CİRİT B,ERÇEN DİKEN Ö,Acar T "Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies." Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology, 20, ss.128 - 132, 2018. 10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18
ISNAD Bilir, Nazmi vd. "Frequency and duration of smoking scenes in Turkish movies". Eurasian Journal of Pulmonology 20/3 (2018), 128-132. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejop.ejop_68_18