Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the superficial and deep vascular plexus and foveal avascular area of the retina by optical coherence tomography angiography of amblyopic children who had treated with or without occlusion treatment.Material and Method: Twenty anisometropic amblyopic eyes who received occlusion treatment (Group 1), 25 anisometropic amblyopic eyes who had no occlusion treatment (Group 2), and 45 healty non ambliopic eyes (control group; Group 3) were included in this crosssectional case- controlled study. Superficial vascular plexus, deep vascular plexus, and foveal avascular area were compared in Group 1, 2, and 3 by optical coherence tomography angiography in a 3x3 mm area in all eyes.Results: The mean age of the patients in Group 1, 2 and 3 were 6.1 ± 1.02, 5.9 ± 0.92 and 6.0 ± 0.93, respectively (p >0.05, for all). Superficial vascular plexus vascular density was measured as 20.45 ± 3.73, 21.39±3.91, 20.24 ± 3.61, while deep vascular plexus vascular density was measured as 18.39 ± 3.05, 19.85 ± 4.38, 19.62 ± 5.53 in foveal area, in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Superficial vascular plexus vascular density was measured as 49.01 ± 4.84, 48.45 ± 3.01, 48.88 ± 3.76, while deep vascular plexus vascular density was measured as 52.54 ± 4.27, 49.45 ± 3.59, 52.01 ± 3.37 in parafoveal area, in Group 1, 2 and 3 respectively. No significant difference was measured in superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular plexus layer at foveal and parafoveal area in all groups. No significant difference was found between the groups in the foveal and parafoveal region in terms of foveal avascular area.Conclusions: There is no significant difference between the eyes of amblyopic children with and without occlusion treatment in retinal vascular structure.