This study evaluates the Turkish government’s economic policy toward the Kurds as well as their position during the process. The period considered ranges from the transition to multiparty rule in 1945 to the coup d’état on May 27, 1960. Previously, the one-party administration had considered the Kurds to be a problem that must be eliminated; they were ignored, exiled, and assimilated in the early post-republic period. By 1938, eastern Turkey, where the Kurds largely resided, had been integrated with the west in a geographical sense due to the security policies implemented. The Kurds, who had grown weak in the previous two decades, began to face a new state policy in 1945. The government sought economic integration between the east and the west to allow for the national market to penetrate the east. In the post-1945 period, the government began to look at the Kurdish problem from a new perspective; investments in Kurdish areas were finally being discussed and the plight of the Kurdish people in this process was put forward and considered.