Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 162 Sayfa Aralığı: 175 - 196 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808 İndeks Tarihi: 06-10-2020

Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)

Öz:
In this study, the petrography, mineral chemistry and crystallization conditions were reported forthe Alemdar and Işıkdere plutons located in limited areas in the south of the Eastern Pontides.These plutons, which trend mostly in NE-SW directions, were emplaced by cutting the EarlyMiddle Carboniferous-aged Gümüşhane Granitoid and Early-Middle Jurassic Şenköy formation.Petrographically, the studied plutons are compositionally fine to medium grained quartz-diorite,quartz monzodiorite and tonalite. The rocks in the plutons have granular, poikilitic, monzonitic,graphic and rare porphyritic textures with consist of plagioclase, (An05-92), hornblende (Mg# = 0.52-0.81), biotite (Mg# = 0.32-0.67), orthoclase, quartz and Fe-Ti oxide. According to thermobarometriccalculations, plutons have crystallization temperatures, pressures and oxygen fugacity valuesranging from 541°C to 938°C, 0.1 to 4.4 kbar, and -23 to-12, respectively. The estimated watercontent calculated from amphibole is between 4.4 to 7.8%. It can be concluded that the studiedplutons were emplaced at mid to shallow crustal depths (~4-15 km).
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Ague, J.J. 1997. Thermodynamic calculation of emplacement pressures for batholithic rocks, California: implications for the aluminum-inhornblende barometer. Geology 25, 563-566.
  • Ağar, U. 1977. Demirözü (Bayburt) ve Köse (Kelkit) Bölgesinin Jeolojisi. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul (unpublished).
  • Altherr, R., Topuz, G., Siebel, W., Şen, C., Meyer, H.P., Satır, M. 2008. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic characteristics of Paleocene plagioleucitites from the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Lithos 105, 149-161.
  • Anderson, J.L. 1996. Status of thermobarometry in granitic batholiths. Trans Royal Society Edinburgh, Earth Sciences 87, 125–138.
  • Anderson, J.L., Smith, D.R. 1995. The effects of temperature and ƒO2 on the Al-inhornblende barometer. American Mineralogist 80, 549–559.
  • Arslan, M., Aslan, Z. 2006. Mineralogy, petrography and whole-rock geochemistry of the Tertiary granitic intrusions in the eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 177-193.
  • Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., Kolaylı, H., Yücel, C., Boztuğ, D., Şen, C. 2013. 40Ar-Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension induced origin. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 166, 113-142.
  • Aslan, Z. 2010. U-Pb zircon SHRIMP age, geochemical and petrographical characteristics of tuffs within calcalkaline Eocene volcanics around Gümüşhane (NE Turkey), Eastern Pontides. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 187, 329-346.
  • Aslan, Z., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Kaygusuz, A. 2014. K-Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks around the Gümüşhane area: implications for post-collisional volcanism in the Eastern Pontides, Northeast Turkey. Mineralogy and Petrology 108, 245-267.
  • Aydın, F. 2014. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Maçka subvolcanic intrusions: implications for the late Cretaceous magmatic and geodynamic evolution of the eastern part of the Sakarya zone, northeastern Turkey. International Geology Review 56, 1246-1275.
  • Aydın, F., Karslı, O., Chen, B. 2008. Petrogenesis of the Neogene alkaline volcanics with implications for post collisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Lithos 104, 249-266.
  • Aydınçakır, E. 2014. The Petrogenesis of Early-Eocene non adakitic volcanism in NE Turkey: Constraints on geodynamic implications. Lithos 208, 361–377.
  • Aydınçakır, E. 2016. Subduction-related Late Cretaceous high-K volcanism in the Central Pontides orogenic belt: Constraints on geodynamic implications, Geodinamica Acta 28(4), 379-411.
  • Aydınçakır, E. 2017. Taşlıyayla (Çaykara, Trabzon, KD Türkiye) Civarı Geç Kretase Yaşlı Kalk-alkali Volkanik Kayaçların Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal Özellikleri. GÜFBED 7 (1), 71-78.
  • Aydınçakır, E., Şen, C. 2013. Petrogenesis of the post collisional volcanic rocks from the Borçka (Artvin) area: Implications for the evolution of the Eocene magmatism in the Eastern Pontides. Lithos 172, 98-117.
  • Bacon, C. R., Hirschmann, M. M. 1988. Mg/Mn partitioning as a test for equilibrium between coexisting Fe-Ti oxides. American Mineralogist, 73, 57-61.
  • Blundy, J.D., Holland, T.J.B. 1990. Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, 208-224.
  • Blundy, J., Cashman, K. 2001. Ascent driven crystallization of dacite magmas at Mount St. Helens, 1980– 1986. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 140, 631–650.
  • Blundy, J., Cashman, K., Humhreys, M. 2006. Magma heating by decompression-driven crystallization beneath andesite volcanoes. Nature 443, 76–80.
  • Couch, S., Sparks, R.S.J., Carroll, M.R. 2001. Mineral disequilibrium in lavaş explained by convective self-mixing in open magma chambers. Nature 411, 1037–1039.
  • Çimen, O., Göncüoğlu, M.C., Simonetti, A., Sayit, K. 2017. Whole rock geochemistry, zircon U-Pb and Hf isotope systematics of the Çangaldağ pluton: evidences for middle jurassic continental arc magmatism in the Central Pontides, Turkey. Lithos 290–291, 136-158.
  • Çimen, O., Göncüoğlu, M.C., Simonetti, A., Sayit, K. 2018. New zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS ages and Hf isotope data from the Central Pontides (Turkey): Geological and geodynamic constraints. Journal of Geodynamics 116, 23–36.
  • Çoğulu, E. 1975. Gümüşhane ve Rize Granitik Plütonlarnın Mukayeseli Petrojeolojik ve Jeokronometrik Etüdü. Doçentlik Tezi, İTÜ. Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul (unpublished).
  • Demir, Y. 2019. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of the Dağbaşı skarn ores (Araklı- Trabzon, NE Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research And Exploration 158, 167-196.
  • Dilek, Y. 2006. Collision tectonics of the Eastern Mediterranean region: Causes and consequences. Geological Society of America Special Paper 409, 1-13.
  • Dokuz, A. 2011. Slab Detachment and Delamination Model for the Generation of Carboniferous High Potassium I-type Magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey:The Köse Composite Pluton. Gondwana Research 19, 926-944.
  • Dokuz, A., Tanyolu, E. 2006. Geochemical constraints on the provenance, mineral sorting and subaerial weathering of lower Jurassic and upper Cretaceous clastic rocks from the Eastern Pontides, Yusufeli (Artvin), NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 15, 181-209.
  • Dokuz, A., Karslı, O., Chen, B., Uysal, İ. 2010. Sources and petrogenesis of Jurassic granitoids in the Yusufeli area, Northeastern Turkey: Implications for pre- and postcollisional lithospheric thinning of the Eastern Pontides. Tectonophysics 480, 259-279.
  • Dokuz, A., Uysal, İ., Meisel, W., Turan, M., Duncan, R., Akçay, M. 2013. Post-collisional adakitic volcanism in the eastern part of the Sakarya Zone, Turkey: evidence for slab and crustal melting. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 166, 1443–1468.
  • Dokuz, A., Külekçi, E., Aydınçakır, E., Kandemir, R., Alçiçek, M.C., Pecha, M.E., Sünnetçi, K. 2017a. Cordierite-bearing strongly peraluminous Cebre Rhyolite from the eastern Sakarya Zone, NE Turkey: Constraints on the Variscan Orogeny. Lithos 278–281, 285–302.
  • Dokuz, A., Aydincakir, E., Kandemir, R., Karslı, O., Siebel, W., Derman, A.S., Turan, M. 2017b. Late Jurassic magmatism and stratigraphy in the eastern Sakarya Zone, Turkey: evidence for the slab breakoff of Paleotethyan oceanic lithosphere. Journal of Geology 125, 1–31.
  • Dungan, M.A., Rhodes, J.M. 1978. Residual glasses and melt inclusions in basalts from DSDP Legs 45 and 46: evidence for magma mixing. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 67, 417–431.
  • Eggler, D.H. 1972. Water-saturated and undersaturated melting relations in a Paricutin andesite and an estimate of water content in the natural magma. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 34, 261–271.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Bektaş, O., Seren, A., Maden, N., Jacoby, W.R., Özer, R. 2006. Three axial extensional deformation and formation of the Liassic rift basins in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Geologica Carpathica 57 (5), 337-346.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Dilek, Y., Bozkurt, E., Bektaş, O., Rojay, B., Şen, C. 2010. Structure and geochemistry of an Alaskan-type ultramafic–mafic complex in the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Gondwana Research 18, 230–252.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Dudas F.O., Santosh, M., Y.I.K., Kwon, S., Akaryalı, E. 2013. Petrogenesis and U-Pb zircon chronology of adakitic porphyries within the Kop ultramafic massif (Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt, NE Turkey). Gondwana Research 24, 742–766.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Dudas, F.O., Santosh, M., Xiao, Y., Yi, K., Chatterjee, N., Wu, F.Y., Bektaş, O. 2016. Where are the remnants of a Jurassic Ocean in the Eastern Mediterranean Region? Gondwana Research 33, 63–92.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Dudas, F.O., Thorkelson, D., Zhu, D.C., Liu, Z., Chatterjee, N., Yi, K., Santosh, M. 2017. Eocene granitoids of northern Turkey: Polybaric magmatism in an evolving arc–slab window system, Gondwana Research 50, 311–345.
  • Eyüboğlu, Y., Dudas, F.O., Zhu, D.C., Liu, Z., Chatterjee, N. 2019. Late Cretaceous I- and A-type magmas in eastern Turkey: Magmatic response to double- sided subduction of Paleo- and Neo-Tethyan lithospheres. Lithos 326, 39-70.
  • Genç, Ş.C., Tüysüz, O. 2010. Tectonic setting of the Jurassic bimodal magmatismin the Sakarya Zone (Central and Western Pontides), northern Turkey: a geochemical and isotopic approach. Lithos 118, 95–111.
  • Gülmez, F., Genç, Ş.C., Prelevic, D., Tüysüz, O., Karacik, Z., Roden, M.F., Billor, Z. 2016. Ultrapotassic volcanism from the waning stage of the Neotethyan subduction: a key study from the İzmir– Ankara–Erzincan Suture Belt, Central Northern Turkey. Journal of Petrology 57, 561–593.
  • Güven, İ.H. 1993. Doğu Pontidler’in 1/250.000 Ölçekli Kompilasyonu, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Hammarstrom, J.M., Zen, E. 1986. Aluminum in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobarometer. American Mineralogist 71, 1297–1313.
  • Helmy, H.M., Ahmed, A.F., El Mahallawi, M.M., Ali, S.M. 2004. Pressure, temperature and oxygen fugacity conditions of calc-alkaline granitoids, Eastern Desert of Egypt and tectonic implications. Journal of African Earth Sciences 38, 255–268.
  • Helz, R. T. 1973. Phase relations of basalts in their melting ranges at PH2O=5 kb as a function of oxygen fugacity. Journal of Petrology 14, 249–302.
  • Holland, T.J.B., Blundy, J.D. 1994. Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole- plagioclase thermometry. Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology 116, 433-447.
  • Hollister, L. S., Grisson, G.C., Peters, E.K., Stowell, H.H., Sisson, V.B. 1987. Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons. American Mineralogist 72, 231–239.
  • Johnson, M.C., Rutherford, M.J. 1989. Experimental calibration of the aluminiun-in amfibole geobarometer with application to Long Valley Caldera (California) volcanic rocks. Geology 17, 837–841.
  • Kandemir, R. 2004. Sedimentary characteristics and depositional conditions of Lower-Middle Jurassic Şenköy Formation in the around of Gümüşhane. Doktora Tezi, KTÜ, 274 s. Trabzon (unpublished).
  • Kandemir, R., Yılmaz, C. 2009. Lithostratigraphy, facies, and deposition environment of the lower Jurassic Ammonitico Rosso type sediments (ARTS) in the Gümüşhane area, NE Turkey: Implications for the opening of the northern branch of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 34, 586- 598.
  • Kandemir, R., Lerosey-Aubril, R. 2011. First report of a trilobite in the Carboniferous of Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 20, 179–183.
  • Karslı, O., Chen, B., Aydın, F., Şen, C. 2007. Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the Eocene Dölek and Sarıçiçek Plutons, Eastern Turkey: implications for magma interaction in the genesis of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in a post- collision extensional setting. Lithos 98, 67-96.
  • Karslı, O., Dokuz, A., Uysal, İ., Aydın, F., Bin, C., Kandemir, R., Wijbrans, R.J. 2010. Relative contributions of crust and mantle to generation of Campanian high-K calc-alkaline I-type granitoids in a subdution setting, with special reference to the Harşit pluton, Eastern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 467–487.
  • Karslı, O., Uysal, İ., Ketenci, M., Dokuz, A., Kandemir, R., Wijbrans, J. 2011. Adakite-like granitoid porphyries in the Eastern Turkey: potential parental melts and geodynamic implications. Lithos 127, 354-372.
  • Karslı, O., Dokuz, A., Uysal, İ., Ketenci, M., Chen, B., Kandemir, R. 2012. Deciphering the shoshonitic monzonites with I-type characteristic, the Sisdağı pluton, NE Turkey: magmatic response to continental lithospheric thinning. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 51, 45-62.
  • Karslı, O., Uysal, İ., Dilek, Y., Aydın, F., Kandemir, R. 2013. Geochemical modelling of early Eocene adakitic magmatism in the Eastern Pontides, NE Anatolia: continental crust or subducted oceanic slab origin? International Geology Review 55, 16, 2083-2095.
  • Karslı, O., Dokuz, A., Kaliwoda, M., Uysal, I., Aydın, F., Kandemir, R., Fehr, K.T., Wijbrans, R.J. 2014. Geochemical fingerprints of late Triassic calc- alkaline lamprophyres from the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: a key to understanding lamprophyre formation in a subduction-related environment. Lithos 196-197, 181-197.
  • Karslı, O., Dokuz A, Kandemir, R. 2016. Subduction-related late Carboniferous to early Permian magmatism in the eastern Pontides, the Camlik and Casurluk plutons: Insights from geochemistry, whole-rock Sr-Nd and in situ zircon Lu-Hf isotopes, and U-Pb geochronology. Lithos 266-267, 98-114.
  • Karslı, O., Dokuz A, Kandemir, R. 2017. Zircon Lu-Hf isotope systematics and U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock Sr-Nd isotopes and geochemistry of the early Jurassic Gokcedere pluton, Sakarya Zone-NE Turkey: a magmatic response to roll- back of the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology doi: 10.1007/s00410-017-1346-0
  • Kaygusuz, A., Aydınçakır, E. 2009. Mineralogy, Whole Rock and Sr-Nd Isotope Geochemistry of Mafic Microgranular Enclaves in Cretaceous Dağbaşı Granitoids, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence of Magma Mixing, Mingling, and Chemical Equilibration. Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry 69, 247-277.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Aydınçakır, E. 2011. Petrogenesis of a Late Cretaceous composite pluton from the eastern Pontides: the Dağbaşı pluton, NE Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch Für Mineralogie 188, 3, 211-233.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Öztürk, M. 2015. Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the high-K calc-alkaline magmatism. Journal of Asian Earth Science 108, 97–116.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Siebel, W., Şen, C., Satir, M. 2008. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: the composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 97, 739-764.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Wolfgang, S., Sipahi, F., İlbeyli, N. 2012. Geochronological evidence and tectonic signifi cance of Carboniferous magmatism in the southwest Trabzon area, eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review 54 (15), 1776– 1800.
  • Kaygusuz, A,. Sipahi, F,. İlbeyli, N,. Arslan, M,. Chen, B., Aydınçakır, E. 2013. Petrogenesis of the Late Cretaceous Turnagöl intrusion in the eastern Pontides: Implications for magma genesis in the arc setting. Geoscience Frontiers 4, 423–438.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Arslan, M., Sipahi, F., Temizel, İ. 2016. U-Pb zircon chronology and petrogenesis of Carboniferous plutons in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: constraints for Paleozoic magmatism and geodynamic evolution. Gondwana Research 39, 327–346.
  • Kaygusuz, A., Yücel, C., Arslan, M., Sipahi, F., Temizel, İ., Çakmak, G., Güllüoğlu, Z.S. 2018. Petrography, mineral chemistry and crystallization conditions of Cenozoic plutonic rocks located to the North of Bayburt (Eastern Pontıdes, Turkey). The Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 157, 77- 104.
  • Kemp, A.I.S. 2004. Petrology of high-Mg, low-Ti igneous rocks of the Glenelg River Complex (SE Australia) and the nature of their interaction with crustal melts. Lithos 78, 119-156.
  • Laird, J., Albee, A.L. 1981. Pressure, temperature, and time indicators in mafic schist: their application to reconstructing the polymetamorphic history of Vermont. American Journal of Science 281, 127- 175.
  • Leake, E.B., Wooley, A.R., Arps, C.E.S., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A., Kisch, H.J., Krivovichev, V.G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J., Maresch, W.V., Nickhel, E.H., Rock, N.M.S., Schumacher, J.C., Smith, D.C., Stephenson, N.C.N., Ungaretti, L., Whittaker, E.J.W., Youzhi, G. 1997. Nomenclature of amphiboles report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. European Journal of Mineralogy 9, 623–651.
  • Luhr, J.F., Carmichael, I.S.E., Varekamp, J.C. 1984. The 1982 eruptions of El Chicón Volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: Mineralogy and petrology of the anhydrite bearing pumices. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 23, 69–108.
  • Merzbacher, C., Eggler, D.H. 1984. A magmatic geohygrometer: application to Mount St. Helens and other dacitic magmas, Geology 12, 587–590.
  • MTA, 2002. 1/500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası, Samsun ve Trabzon Paftaları, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Naney, MT. 1983. Phase equilibria of rock-forming ferromagnesian silicates in granitic systems, American Journal of Science 283, 993–1033.
  • Nixon, G.T. 1988. Petrology of the younger andesites and dacites of Iztaccihuatl volcano, Mexico: disequilibrium phenocryst assemblages as indicators of magma chamber processes. Journal of Petrology 29, 213–264.
  • Okay, A.İ., Leven, E.J. 1996. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the upper Paleozoic sequences in the Pulur (Bayburt) region, Eastern Pontides. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 5, 145-155.
  • Okay, A.İ., Şahintürk, Ö. 1997. Geology of the Eastern Pontides. In: Robinson, A.G. (ed.), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 68, 291-311.
  • Okay, A.İ., Tüysüz, O. 1999. Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey. In: Durand, B., Jolivet, L., Hovarth, F., Séranne, M. (eds), The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. Geological Society London. Special Publications 156, 475-515.
  • Okay, A.I., Satır, M., Siebel, W. 2006. Pre-Alpide Palaeozoic and Mesozoic orogenic events in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In: Gee, D.G., Stephenson, R.A. (Eds.), European Lithosphere Dynamics. Geological Society, London, Memoirs 32, 389– 405.
  • Özdamar, Ş., Roden, M.F., Billor, M.Z. 2017. Petrology of the shoshonitic Çambaşı Pluton in NE Turkey and implications for the closure of the NeoTethys Ocean: insights from geochemistry, geochronology and Sr–Nd isotopes. Lithos 284 (285), 477–492.
  • Pelin, S. 1977. Alucra (Giresun) Güneydoğu Yöresinin Petrol Olanakları Bakımından Jeolojik İncelenmesi. KTÜ Yayınları, 87, 103s, Trabzon (unpublished).
  • Perugini, D., Busa, T., Poli, G., Nazzareni, S. 2003. The role of chaotic dynamics and flow fields in the development of disequilibrium textures in volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology 44, 733–756.
  • Ridolfi F., Renzulli, A. 2012. Calcic amphiboles in calcalkaline and alkaline magmas: thermobarometric and chemometric empirical equations valid up to 1,130°C and 2.2 Gpa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 163, 877–895.
  • Ridolfi, F., Renzulli, A., Puerini, M. 2010. Stability and chemical equilibrium of amphibole in calc-alkaline magmas: an overview, new thermobarometric formulations and application to subduction- related volcanoes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 160, 45–66.
  • Rutherford, M.J., Hill, P.M. 1993. Magma ascent rates from amphibole breakdown: an experimental study applied to the 1980–1986 Mount St. Helens eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research 98, 19667–19685.
  • Sakuyama, M. 1981. Petrological study of the Myoko and Kurohime Volcanoes, Japan: crystallization sequence and evidence magma mixing. Journal of Petrology 22, 553–583.
  • Saydam Eker, Ç., Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A. 2012. Trace and rare earth elements as indicators of provenance and depositional environments of Lias cherts in Gumushane, NE Turkey. Chemie der Erde Geochemistry 72, 167–177.
  • Schmidt, M.W. 1992. Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: An experimental calibration of the Al-in amfibole barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, 304–310.
  • Simonetti, A., Shore, M., Bell, K. 1996. Diopside phenocrysts from nephelinite lavas, Napak Volcano, Eastern Uganda: Evidence for magma mixing. Canadian Mineralogist 34, 411–442.
  • Sipahi, F., Kaygusuz, A., Saydam Eker, Ç., Vural, A., Akpınar, İ. 2017. Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: The Eğrikar Monzogranite example. International Geology Review 60 (3), 382–400.
  • Smith, J.V., Brown, W.L. 1988. Feldspar minerals. 2nd review and extended edition Book (ISBN 0387176926), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Speer, J. A. 1984. Micas in igneous rocks. In S. W. Bailey (Ed.), Micas: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry (Vol. 13, pp. 299–356). Washington, DC: Mineralogical Society of America.
  • Stimac, J.A., Pearce, T.H. 1992. Textural evidence of mafic– felsic magma interaction in dacite lavas, Clear Lake, California. American Mineralogist 77, 795– 809.
  • Streck, M.J. 2008. Mineral textures and zoning as evidence for open system processes. In: Putirka KD, Tepley III FJ (eds) Minerals, inclusions and volcanic processes. Miner Soc Am and Geochem Soc, Rev Mineral 595–622
  • Streckeisen, A. 1976. To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Sciences Review 12, 1–33.
  • Şahin, S.Y., Güngör, Y., Boztuğ, D. 2004. Comparative petrogenetic investigation of composite Kaçkar Batholith granitoids in eastern Pontide magmatic arc (Northern Turkey). Earth Planets Space 56, 429–446.
  • Şen, C. 2007. Jurassic volcanism in the Eastern Pontides: Is it rift related or subduction related?. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 16, 523-539.
  • Temizel, İ., Kurt., A. 2019. Geç Kretase yaşlı Bozat (Giresun, KD Türkiye) Plütonu’nun petrografik, jeokimyasal ve petrolojik Özellikleri. GÜFBED 9 (3), 454-472.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Ruffet, G., Peucat, J.J. 2012. Petrochemistry, geochronology and Sr–Nd isotopic systematics of the Tertiary collisional and post- collisional volcanic rocks from the Ulubey (Ordu) area, eastern Pontide, NE Turkey: implications for extension-related origin and mantle source characteristics. Lithos 128, 126-147.
  • Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu-Yazar, Emel, Arslan, M., Kaygusuz, A., Aslan, Z. 2018. Mineral chemistry, whole- rock geochemistry and petrology of Eocene I-type shoshonitic plutons in the Gölköy area (Ordu, NE Turkey). The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration 157, 123-155.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Yücel, C., Abdioğlu-Yazar, E., Kaygusuz, A., Aslan, Z. 2019a. U-Pb geochronology, bulk-rock geochemistry and petrology of Late Cretaceous syenitic plutons in the Gölköy (Ordu) area (NE Turkey): Implications for magma generation in a continental arc extension triggered by slab roll-back. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 171, 305-320.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Yücel, C., Abdioğlu-Yazar, E., Kaygusuz, A., Aslan, Z. 2019b. Eocene tonalite– granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area, northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting. International Geology Review doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2019.1625077.
  • Toksoy-Köksal, F. 2016. Ekecikdağ Magmatik Birliği (Orta Anadolu) Granitoyidlerinin Petrojenezi: Mineral Kimyası Perspektifi. Yerbilimleri 37(2), 139-178.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Kalt, A., Satir, M., Werner, O., Schwarz, W.H. 2004. Aluminous granulites from the Pulur Complex, NE Turkey: a case of partial melting, efficient melt extraction and crystallization. Lithos 72, 183–207.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Dokuz, A., Meyer, H. P. 2007. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex: Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 861-873.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Siebel, W., Schwarz, W.H., Zack, T., Hasözbek, A., Barth, M., Satır, M., Şen, C. 2010. Carboniferous high-potassium I-type granitoid magmatism in the Eastern Pontides: the Gümüşhane Pluton (NE Turkey). Lithos 116, 92–110.
  • Topuz, G., Okay, A.İ., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Siebel, W. Zack, T., Satır, M., Şen, C. 2011. Post-collisional adakite-like magmatism in the Ağvanis Massif and implications for the evolution of the Eocene magmatism in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey). Lithos 125, 131-150.
  • Tulloch, A.J., Challis, G.A. 2000. Emplacement depths of Paleozoic–Mesozoic plutons from western New Zealand estimated by hornblende-Al geobarometry. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 43, 555-567.
  • Uchida, E., Endo, S., Makino, M. 2007. Relationship between solidification depth of granitic rocks and formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Resource Geology 57, 47–56.
  • Ustaömer, T., Robertson, A.H.F. 2010. Late Palaeozoic Early Cenozoic tectonic development of the Eastern Pontides (Artvin area), Turkey: stages of closure of Tethys along the southern margin of Eurasia. Geological Society, London. Special Publications 340, 281-327.
  • Venezky, D.Y., Rutherford, M.J. 1997 Preeruption conditions and timing of dacite–andesite magma mixing in the 2.2 ka eruption at Mount Rainier. J Geophys Res 102, 20069–20086.
  • Wallace, P.J., Carmichael, I.S.E. 1994. Petrology of Volcan Tequila, Jalisco, Mexico: disequilibrium phenocryst assemblages and evolution of the subvolcanic magma system. Contrib Mineral Petrol 117, 345–361.
  • Wones, D.R. 1989. Significance of the assemblage titanite + magnetite + quartz in granitic rocks. American Mineralogist 74, 744–749.
  • Yılmaz, S., Boztuğ, D. 1996. Space and time relations of three plutonic phases in the Eastern Pontides (Turkey). International Geology Review 38, 935–956.
  • Yılmaz, Y. 1972. Petrology and structure of the Gümüşhane granite and surrounding rocks. NE Anatolia. PhD Thesis, Universty of London, 260s.
  • Yılmaz, Y., Tüysüz, O., Yiğitbaş, E., Genç, Ş.C., Şengör, A.M.C. 1997. Geology and tectonics of the Pontides. in Robinson, A.G. (eds.), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 68, 183-226.
  • Yücel, C. 2017. Akçaabat (Trabzon) Güneyi ve Çevresindeki Kampaniyen Yaşlı Volkanik Kayaçların Petrografisi, Jeokimyası, Jeokronolojisi ve Petrojenezi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 7 (1), 79-101.
  • Yücel, C., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E. 2014. Volcanic facies and mineral chemistry of Tertiary volcanics in the northern part of the Eastern Pontides, northeast Turkey: Implications for pre eruptive crystallization conditions and magma chamber processes. Mineralogy and Petrology 108, 439-467.
  • Yücel, C., Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., Ruffet, G. 2017. Evolution of K-rich magmas derived from a net veined lithospheric mantle in an ongoing extensional setting: Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks from Eastern Pontides (Turkey). Gondwana Research 45, 65-86.
APA Aydınçakır E, Gündüz R, YÜCEL C (2020). Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). , 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
Chicago Aydınçakır Emre,Gündüz Ramazan,YÜCEL CEM Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). (2020): 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
MLA Aydınçakır Emre,Gündüz Ramazan,YÜCEL CEM Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). , 2020, ss.175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
AMA Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). . 2020; 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
Vancouver Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). . 2020; 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
IEEE Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C "Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)." , ss.175 - 196, 2020. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
ISNAD Aydınçakır, Emre vd. "Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)". (2020), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
APA Aydınçakır E, Gündüz R, YÜCEL C (2020). Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration, 0(162), 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
Chicago Aydınçakır Emre,Gündüz Ramazan,YÜCEL CEM Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration 0, no.162 (2020): 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
MLA Aydınçakır Emre,Gündüz Ramazan,YÜCEL CEM Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration, vol.0, no.162, 2020, ss.175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
AMA Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration. 2020; 0(162): 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
Vancouver Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration. 2020; 0(162): 175 - 196. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
IEEE Aydınçakır E,Gündüz R,YÜCEL C "Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)." Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration, 0, ss.175 - 196, 2020. 10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808
ISNAD Aydınçakır, Emre vd. "Emplacement conditions of magma(s) forming Jurassic plutonic rocks in Gümüşhane (Eastern Pontides, Turkey)". Bulletin of the mineral research and exploration 162 (2020), 175-196. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.649808