This study deals with how syphilis disease, which started to appear in the Ottoman geography since the 19th century and spread in various ways, was seen by the society and the state and what kind of the preventive and treatment measures were adopted. To investigate this issue, the documents in the Ottoman and Republic Archives, Assembly Records and the Official Gazette were used. Research studies and theses related to the subject were also used as secondary sources. As it originated in the West, the disease was called “frengi” or “illet-i efrenc” and spread in a variety of ways such as wars in which soldiers infected each other, prostitution, and passing from family to children. Reasons such as hiding, ignoring, lack of doctors and hospitals especially in villages and townships, slowed down the treatment of the disease. In addition, it is seen that in order to prevent the spread of the disease throughout the country, a number of ways including providing examinations for free, sending medical doctors, sending pharmacists, establishing hospitals were adopted. In addition, laws such as the "Regulations for Outbreaking Diseases" and "Law on the Restriction of Syphilis" were passed during the transition from the Ottoman State to the Republic. Gazi Mustafa Kemâl Pasha expressed the health policy of the new Republic as protecting the health of the people, limiting deaths, increasing the population, preventing infectious diseases and thus keeping the people healthy and vigorous. During the Republican Period, medicines were brought from abroad with the Cabinet Decision for the treatment of the disease. Since the end of 1925, Syphilis Fighting organizations were established. With the Public Sanitary Law enacted in 1930, the Deputy of Health and Social Affairs was tasked with improving the sanitary conditions of the country, combating all diseases and causes that harm the nation's health, and providing medical and social aid to the public. The texts written to raise awareness of syphilis were sent from the CHP General Secretariat to be read in the Public Houses and Public Rooms.