Objective: To analyze the value of autopsy reports for determining the cause of maternal deaths in Turkey.Material and Methods: In this descriptive retrospective study, the case files of 992 maternal deaths, except for accidental causes, that occurredin Turkey between 2012 and 2016 were reviewed. An autopsy examination was performed in 177 (17.8%) of the cohort. When the files werereviewed, maternal descriptive data and the cause of maternal mortality according to the autopsy reports were recorded.Results: The mean age at death was 31.5±6.6 years. No exact cause of maternal death was identified after autopsy in 44 (24.9%) of the 177cases. An exact cause of death could be determined in 133 (75.1%); 34.5% (n=61) were due to direct causes, and 40.7% (n=72) were dueto indirect causes. The leading direct causes of maternal deaths were obstetric hemorrhage (13.0%) and obstetric (pulmonary and amnioticfluid) embolism (12.4%). The main cause among the indirect causes was ruptured aortic aneurysm and/or dissection of aorta (8.5%). Amongthe subjects with no clinical diagnosis based on the clinical course before death (n=96), the exact cause of death could not be determined atautopsy in 19 (19.8%) cases. The exact or possible cause of death was identified at autopsy in 80.3% (n=77) cases with no clinical diagnosis.Among the cases who had antemortem diagnoses based on the clinical course (n=81), the final diagnosis at autopsy was compatible with theclinical diagnosis in 48 (59.3%) subjects.Conclusion: Maternal autopsy examination provides an exact cause of death in most cases and is still a valuable tool for understanding thecause of maternal mortality. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; 19: 210-4)