Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 113 - 118 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062 İndeks Tarihi: 20-11-2020

Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Öz:
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate some virulence genes and SCCmec types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and to determine their relationship with virulence factors. Methods: A total of 100 MRSA strains, 64 from healthcare-associated and 36 from community-associated infections, were included in the study. The presence of mecA gene was investigated by PCR. SCCmec types and efb, clfB, agrA gene were detected by multiplex PCR and their relationship with virulence factors has been analyzed. Results: All of the isolates contain the mecA gene. At the same time, in 66 strains (66%) agrA gene, in 58 strains (58%) clfB gene, and in 47 strains (47%) efb gene were positive. In terms of SCCmec types, the distribution of these types among the 64 HA-SA strains was 53% similar-to-type-III, 16% type IV, 2% type I and 30% unclassified. The distribution of the types among the 36 CA-SA strains was 19% similar-to-type-III, 25% type IV, 8% type I and 47% unclassified, respectively. When SCCmec types were evaluated according to clinical sample type, similar-to-type-III isolates were found to be dominant in wound samples. Efb (78%), clfB (85%), agrA (88%) were the dominant genes in similar-to-type-III strains, whereas clfB (74%), agrA (100%) were the main genes detected in the type IV strains. Conclusions: It is of clinical and epidemiological importance to know the origin of MRSA strains because this affects the empirical treatment choice.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Purrello SM, Daumb RS, Edwards GFS, Lina G, Lindsay J, Peters G, et al. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) update: New insights into bacterial adaptation and therapeutic targets. J Global Antimicrob Resist. 2014; 2(2): 61–69.
  • Santosaningsih D, Santoso S, Setijowati N, Rasyid HA, Budayanti NS, Suata K, et al. Prevalence and characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus causing community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections on Java and Bali, Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health. 2018;23(1):34-44.
  • Lakhundi S, Zhang K. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular characterization, evolution, and epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 12; 31(4). pii: e00020-18. doi: 10.1128/CMR.0002018. Print 2018 Oct.
  • Fossum Moen AE, Saltyte Benth J, Alm-Kristiansen K, Bukholm G. Exotoxin-encoding gene content in community-associated and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009; 15(12): 1139–1145.
  • Akoğlu H, Zarakolu P, Altun B, Ünal S. Epidemiological and molecular features of healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Hacettepe University adult hospital in 2004-2005. Microbial Bul. 2010; 44: 343-355.
  • Fasihi Y, Kiaei S, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D. Characterization of SCCmec and spa types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate from health-care and community-associated infections in Kerman, Iran. J Epidemiol Global Health. 2017; 7(4); 263-267.
  • Saleem AJ, Nasser NE, Ali MR. Prevalence of genes encodİng enterotoxıns and exfoliative toxins among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Iraq. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 5(7): 208-216.
  • Kong EF, Johnson JK, Jabra-Rizk MA. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An Enemy amidst Us. PLoS Pathog. 2016;12(10): e1005837.
  • Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC Definitions for Nosocomial Infections. Am J Infect Control 1988; 16(3): 128-140.
  • 10. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. EUCAST Disk Diffusion Test Manual. v 1.0, 2014. Available at: http:// www.eucast.
  • 11. Merlino J, Watson J, Rose B, Beard-Pegler M, Gottlieb T, Bradbury R, et al. Detection and expression of methicillin/oxacillin resistance in multidrug-resistant and non-multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Central Sydney, Australia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2002; 49(5): 793–801.
  • 12. Milheiriço C, Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Update to the multiplex PCR strategy for assignment of mec element types in Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51(9): 3374–3377.
  • 13. Gülmez D, Sancak B, Ercis S, Karakaya J, Hasçelik G. Investigation of SCCmec types and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in community-acquired and nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus strains Comparison of skin and soft tissue infections and other infections. Microbiol Bul.2012; 46 (3): 341- 351.
  • 14. Oliveira DC, de Lencastre H. Multiplex PCR strategy for rapid identification of structural types and variants of the mec element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002; 46(7): 2155–2161.
  • 15. Alp E, Klaassen CHW, Doganay M, Altoparlak U, Aydın K, Engin A, et al. MRSA genotypes in Turkey: persistence over 10 years of a single clone of ST239. J Infect. 2009; 58: 433– 438.
  • 16. Kılıç A, Mert G, Senses Z, Bedir O, Aydogan H, Başustaoğlu AC, et al. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal strains fromTurkey. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2008; 94: 615-619.
  • 17. David MZ, Daum RS. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology and clinical consequences of an emerging epidemic. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010; 23(3): 616-687. 118
  • 18. Burke RE, Halpern MS, Baron EJ, Gutierrez K. Pediatric and Neonatal Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcome. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2009; 30(07), 636–644. Eur J Ther 2020; 26(2): 113-118
  • 19. Liu J, Chen D, Peters BM, Li L, Li B, Xu Z, et al. Staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec): A mobile genetic element in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog. 2016;101: 56-67.
  • 20. Bradford PA. Epidemiology of Bacterial Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance in the 21st Century. Editors: I. W. Fong, David Shlaes, Karl Drlica. Antimicrobial Development Specialists, LLC, Nyack, USA. Part of the Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century book series (EIDC) Nature 2018.
  • 21. Mediavilla JR, Chen L, Mathema B, Kreiswirth BN. Global epidemiology of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012;15(5): 588-595.
  • 22. Karahan ZC, Tekeli A, Adaleti R, Koyuncu E, Dolapcı I, Akan OA. Investigation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes and SCCmec types in clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains from Turkey. Microb Drug Resist 2008; 14: 203-210.
  • 23. Tekeli A, Koyuncu E, Dolapci I, Akan OA, Karahan ZC. Molecular properties of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from blood cultures in Ankara University Hospital between 2002-2005. Microbial Bul. 2009; 43 (1): 1-10.
  • 24. Baran CB, Mutlu D, Baysan BO, Gülseren F, Ergani A, Öğünç D, et al. Investigation of Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene, SCCmec gene cassette types and genotypes methicillin-resistant. Microbial Bul. 2010; 44 (4): 533-545.
  • 25. Oksuz L, Dupieux C, Tristan A, Bes M, Etienne J, Gurler N. The high diversity of MRSA clones detected in a university hospital in Istanbul. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10(12):1740 –1745.
  • 26. Yılmaz S, Kılıç A, Karagöz A, Bedir O, Üsküdar Güçlü A, Başustaoğlu AC. Investigation of various virulence factors in hospital and community-based Staphylococcus aureus 'strains by real-time PCR method. Microbial Bul. 2012; 46 (4): 532-545.
  • 27. Chatterjee SS, Otto M. Improved understanding of factors driving methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic waves. Clin Epidemiol. 2013; 5: 205–217.
  • 28. David MZ, Daum RS. Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and Clinical Consequences of an Emerging Epidemic. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2010;23(3): 616–687
  • 29. Tekeli A, Ocal DN, Ozmen BB, Karahan ZC, Dolapci I. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream strains in a Turkish university hospital between 2002 and 2012. Microb Drug Resist. 2016; 22(7):564-569.
  • 30. Yamamoto T, Nishiyama A, Takano T, Yabe S, Higuchi W, Razvino O, et al. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance. J Infect Chemother 2010; 16(4): 225-254.
  • 31. Watkins RR, David MZ, Salata RA. Current concepts on the virulence mechanisms of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Microbiol. 2012; 61(9): 1179–1193.
  • 32. Gonzalez BE, Rueda AM, Shelburne SA, Musher DM, Hamill RJ, Hulten KG. Community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as the cause of healthcare-associated infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2006; 27(10): 1051-1056.
  • 33. Jiang B, Yin S, You B, Gong Y, Huang G, Yang Z, et al. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes profiling of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in a burn center: A 5-year study. Microbial Pathogenesis 2018;114: 176–179.
  • 34. Smith K, Gould KA, Ramage G, Gemmell CG, Hinds J, Lang S. Influence of tigecycline on the expression of virulence factors in biofilm-associated cells of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Jan;54(1):380-387.
APA Gul Yurtsever S, AYGÜL A, Öztürk İ, nemli s, Kaya S, ERMERTCAN Ş (2020). Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. , 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
Chicago Gul Yurtsever Sureyya,AYGÜL Abdurrahman,Öztürk İsmail Cengiz,nemli salih atakan,Kaya Selçuk,ERMERTCAN Şafak Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. (2020): 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
MLA Gul Yurtsever Sureyya,AYGÜL Abdurrahman,Öztürk İsmail Cengiz,nemli salih atakan,Kaya Selçuk,ERMERTCAN Şafak Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. , 2020, ss.113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
AMA Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. . 2020; 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
Vancouver Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. . 2020; 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
IEEE Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş "Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains." , ss.113 - 118, 2020. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
ISNAD Gul Yurtsever, Sureyya vd. "Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains". (2020), 113-118. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
APA Gul Yurtsever S, AYGÜL A, Öztürk İ, nemli s, Kaya S, ERMERTCAN Ş (2020). Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. European Journal of Therapeutics, 26(2), 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
Chicago Gul Yurtsever Sureyya,AYGÜL Abdurrahman,Öztürk İsmail Cengiz,nemli salih atakan,Kaya Selçuk,ERMERTCAN Şafak Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. European Journal of Therapeutics 26, no.2 (2020): 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
MLA Gul Yurtsever Sureyya,AYGÜL Abdurrahman,Öztürk İsmail Cengiz,nemli salih atakan,Kaya Selçuk,ERMERTCAN Şafak Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. European Journal of Therapeutics, vol.26, no.2, 2020, ss.113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
AMA Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. European Journal of Therapeutics. 2020; 26(2): 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
Vancouver Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains. European Journal of Therapeutics. 2020; 26(2): 113 - 118. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
IEEE Gul Yurtsever S,AYGÜL A,Öztürk İ,nemli s,Kaya S,ERMERTCAN Ş "Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains." European Journal of Therapeutics, 26, ss.113 - 118, 2020. DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062
ISNAD Gul Yurtsever, Sureyya vd. "Investigation of Various Virulence Factors and SCCmec Types in the Healthcare-associated and Community-associated Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus Strains". European Journal of Therapeutics 26/2 (2020), 113-118. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.5152/EurJTher.2019.19062