In many regions of the world, researches are carried out to determine the radiation activities of radionuclides in fruit samples and to calculate the annual effective dose values exposed from these activities. However, there is not enough data about the radiation activity levels of radionuclides in the Diospyros kaki L. fruit. In this study it was aimed to determine the activity concentrations of natural (${}^{238}U$, ${}^{232}Th$, ${}^{40}K$) and artificial (${}^{137}Cs$) radionuclides in the Diospyros kaki L. samples grown in Rize province and to calculate the annual effective dose values that the local people are exposed from the consumption of this fruit. The high purity germanium detector (HPGe) and gamma spectrometry system were used for the analysis of the samples, and the average activity concentrations for the ${}^{238}U$, ${}^{232}Th$, ${}^{137}Cs$ and ${}^{40}K$radionuclides in the samples were found as 5.01±0.48 Bq $kg^{-1}$ , 5.87±0.93 Bq $kg^{-1}$ , 21.25±0.74 Bq kg-1 and 1438.69±22.14 Bq $kg^{-1}$ , respectively. The mean annual effective dose values for the same radionuclides were obtained as 0.632 µSv $y^{-1}$ , 3.787 µSv $y^{-1}$ , 0.774 µSv$y^{-1}$ and 24.976 µSv $y^{-1}$ , respectively. The total annual effective dose values were calculated between 18.215 µSv $y^{-1}$ and 45.990 µSv $y^{-1}$ . These values are considerably lower than the annual average radiation dose of 0.29 mSv, which is specified by the United Nation Scientific Committe on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), to which people are exposed from natural radioactive sources in foodstuff, and poses no risk to public health.