Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri

SET, ZEYNEP

Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri

Zeynep SET (Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Tekirdağ, Türkiye)

Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

0 0

Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 0 Sayı: 19 Sayfa Aralığı: 55 - 74 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 28-10-2020

Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri

Öz:

Bağlanma, doğuştan getirilen ve kaygıyla tetiklenen bir sistem olarak düşünülmektedir. İhtiyaçları tutarlı bir şekilde karşılanan ve tehlike anında anneyi güvenli bir sığınak olarak görençocuklar güvenli bağlanma modelleri geliştirirken, reddedilençocuklar ihtiyaçlarının karşılanacağına dair endişe ve şüpheduyduklarından güvensiz bağlanma modelleri geliştirmektedir.Bu bağlanma yaşantıları, bireylerin gelecekte kuracakları ilişkileri, beklentilerini ve algılama şekillerini etkiler. Bireyin bağlanma modelinin erişkinlikte gözlemlenebildiği bir alanın terapist-danışan ilişkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çocukluk dönemi bağlanmaları ile danışan terapist ilişkisi arasında çoklu ortaklıklar bulunmaktadır. Ancak danışan-terapist arasındakibağlanmayı, çocukluk bağlanma ilişkilerinden önemli ölçüdefarklı kılan kendine özgü, zamansal, finansal, yapısal ve etik sınırlar mevcuttur. Bu makalenin temel amacı, psikoterapistlerin,danışanları için bağlanma figürleri olarak işlev gördükleri biçimleri incelemek ve danışanın bağlanma biçimlerinin terapötikittifaktaki yerine vurgu yapmaktır.

Anahtar Kelime:

TheTherapist as Attachment Figure and the Role of Attachment in the Therapeutic Alliance

Öz:

Attachment is thought to be an innate and anxiously triggered system. Children whose needs are consistently met and who see the mother as a haven in the event of danger develop secure attachment patterns, while rejected children develop insecure attachment because they are concerned and doubted that their needs will be met. These attachment experiences affect the future relationships, expectations, and perceptions of individuals. One area where the attachment model of the individual can be observed in adulthood is thought to be the therapist-client relationship. There are multiple commonalities between childhood attachment and the client-therapist relationship. However, there are specific, temporal, financial, structural and ethical boundaries that differentiate client-therapist attachment from childhood attachment. The main purpose of this article is to examine how psychotherapists function as attachment figures for their clients and to emphasize the role of the client's attachment styles in the therapeutic alliance

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Ainsworth, M. D. (1985). Attachments across the life span. Bulletin of the New York Academy of medicine, 61(9), 792.
Bordin, E. S. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, research & practice, 16(3), 252.
Bowlby, J. (1969/1982). Attachment and loss: Vol 1. Attachment.London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Bağlanma. Soylu TV, çev. İstanbul: Pinhan
Bowlby, J. (1969a). Affectional bonds: their nature and origin. In H.
Freeman (ed.), Progress in Mental Health. , London: J. & A. Churchill.
Bowlby, J. (1969b). Attachment and loss (vol. 1), Attachment. New York: Basic Books. Penguin Books, 1971; 2nd edn, 1982.
Bowlby, J. (1973 ) Attachment and Loss, vol. 2 : Separation: Anxiety and Anger, New York: Basic Books, and London: Hogarth.
Bowlby, J. (1973) Attachment and Loss: Volume II: Separation, Anxiety and Anger The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 95:1-429. London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1974). Problems of marrying research with clinical and social needs. In K. J. Connolly and J. S. Bruner (eds.), The growth of competence (pp. 303-7). London and NewYork: Academic Press. Bowlby, J. (1977a) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3 : Loss: Sadness and Depression, New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1977b). The making and breaking of affectional bonds. I: Aetiology and psychopathology in the light of attachment theory, II: Some principles of psychotherapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 130, 201-10 and 421-31.
Bowlby, J. (1988) A Secure Base: Clinical Applications of Attachment Theory. London, Routledge.Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent– child attachments and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books
Byng‐Hall, J., & Stevenson‐Hinde, J. (1991). Attachment relationships within a family system. Infant Mental Health Journal, 12(3), 187-200.
Crits-Christoph, P., Gibbons, M. B. C., Crits-Christoph, K., Narducci, J.,Schamberger, M., & Gallop, R. (2006). Can therapists be trained to improve their alliances? A preliminary study of alliance-fostering psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 268-281. doi:10.1080/ 10503300500268557
D Barchat, D.(1989) Annual meeting of the Society for Psychotherapy
Daniel, S. I. (2006). Adult attachment patterns and individual psychotherapy: A review. Clinical psychology review, 26(8), 968-984.
Dolan, R. T., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (1993). Client attachment style and the psychotherapist's interpersonal stance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training,
Farber, B. A., & Geller, J. D. (1994). Gender and representation in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 31(2), 318-326.
Farber, B. A., & Metzger, J. A. (2009). The therapist as secure base. In J. H. Obegi & E. Berant (Eds.), Attachment theory and research in clinical work with adults (pp. 46–70). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Frank, J. D. (1974). Therapeutic components of psychotherapy: A 25- year progress report of research. journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.
Freud, S. (1958). The dynamics of transference. In The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud, Volume XII (1911- 1913): The case of Schreber, papers on technique and other works (pp. 97- 108).
Garfield, S. L. (1994). Research on client variables in psychotherapy. In A. E. Bergin & S. L. Garfield (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (pp. 190-228). Oxford, England: John Wiley & Sons.
Gidano. V.,& Liotti. G. (1983) Cognitive processesand emotional disorders. New York: Guilford Press
Greenson, R. R. (1967). The technique and practice of psychoanalysis (Vol. 1). Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
Grotstein, J. S. (1990). Invariants in primitive emotional disorders. In L. B. Boyer & P. L. Giovacchini (Eds.), Master clinicians on treating the regressed patient (pp. 139-163). Lanham, MD, US: Jason Aronson
Horney, K. (1932) Psychoanalysis and male sexuality. Horowitz, L. M., Rosenberg, S. E., & Bartholomew, K. (1993).Interpersonal problems, attachment styles, and outcome inbrief dynamic psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and ClinicalPsychology, 61, 549_560.
Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.38.2.139
Horvath, A. O., Del Re, A. C., Flückiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48, 9-16.
Kaplan, H. S. (1979). Hypoactive sexual desire. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 3, 3-9.
Klerman, G., Weissman, M.M., Rounsaville, B., Chevron, E., (1984) Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Depression. New York, Basic Books.
Kobak, R., Shaver, P. (1987) Conference in honor of John Bowlby's eightieth birthday
Lieberman, A.F. and Pawl, J.H. ( 1988 ) ‘Clinical applications of attachment theory’,in J. Belsky and T. Nezworski (eds) Clinical Applications of Attachment, Hilldale,N.J.: Erlbaum.
Mahler, M., Pine, F., Bergman, A. (1975). The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant. New York: Basic Books.
Main, M., Kaplan, N., Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. In I. Bretherton
Malcolm West, M. Sarah Rose, and Adrienne Sheldon-Keller (1994). Assessment of Patterns of Insecure Attachment in Adults and Application to Dependent and Schizoid Personality Disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 249-256.
Martin, D., Garske, J., Davis, M. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 438-450. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.68.3.438
Miller, P.H. (2008). Gelişim Psikolojisi Kuramları. Gültekin Z, Çev. İstanbul: İmge Paterson ve Moran, Attachment theory, personality development, and psychotherapy Clinical Psychology Review Volume 8, Issue 6, 1988, Pages 611-636
Paterson, R.J., Moran, G. (1988) Clinical Psychology Review, Elsevier.
Rogers, C. R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality, and interpersonal relationships: As developed in the client-centered framework (Vol. 3, pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Safran, J. D. (1993). Breaches in the therapeutic alliance: An arena for negotiating authentic relatedness. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 30(1), 11-24
Wachtel, P. L. (1993). Therapeutic communication: Knowing what to say when.: New York: The Guilford Press.
Waters, E. (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1–2, Serial No. 209), 66–104.
West, M., Sheldon, A., Reiffer, L. ( 1987 ) ‘An approach to the delineation of adult attachment: scale development and reliability’, The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 175 (12): 738–41.
Winnicott, D.W. ( 1965 ) The Maturational Process and the Facilitating Environment,: New York: International Universities Press.
Wzontek, N., Geller, J. D., & Farber, B. A. (1995). Patients’ posttermination representations of their psychotherapists. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 23(3), 395-410.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.

APA	SET Z (2019). Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. , 55 - 74.
Chicago	SET ZEYNEP Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. (2019): 55 - 74.
MLA	SET ZEYNEP Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. , 2019, ss.55 - 74.
AMA	SET Z Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. . 2019; 55 - 74.
Vancouver	SET Z Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. . 2019; 55 - 74.
IEEE	SET Z "Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri." , ss.55 - 74, 2019.
ISNAD	SET, ZEYNEP. "Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri". (2019), 55-74.

APA	SET Z (2019). Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 0(19), 55 - 74.
Chicago	SET ZEYNEP Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 0, no.19 (2019): 55 - 74.
MLA	SET ZEYNEP Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol.0, no.19, 2019, ss.55 - 74.
AMA	SET Z Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019; 0(19): 55 - 74.
Vancouver	SET Z Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019; 0(19): 55 - 74.
IEEE	SET Z "Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri." Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 0, ss.55 - 74, 2019.
ISNAD	SET, ZEYNEP. "Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Terapist ve Bağlanmanın Terapötik İttifaktaki Yeri". Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 19 (2019), 55-74.