The transition out of lockdown of COVID-19 is set to be a complex and uncertain phase. Challenges and circumstances vary from country to country and there is no one-size-fits-all approach. As restrictions are eased, it is important for countries to recognize that it may be necessary to reintroduce physical distancing measures to manage outbreaks. This fluid approach is known as bidirectionality. When measures are eased, cases should not exceed a sustained reproductive factor of 1, and should ideally remain below 1. Due to the nature of COVID-19, it is difficult to understand the impact of any easing of restrictions until 10–14 days have passed. The easing of restrictions will be gradual and many will return to a new normal of hand hygiene, coughing, etiquette and distancing routines. Action should be based on science and have public health at its centre, while balancing social and economic remedies. The lifting of measures should start with those with a local impact and be gradually extended to measures with a broader geographic coverage, taking into account national specificities. Measures should be continuously monitored and a certain readiness should be developed, as there is a risk of a strong resurgence and a return to strict containment measures. This is particularly important for health care systems. It is likely that the transition period of the pandemic will last several months until effective therapeutics and a safe and effective vaccine can be made widely available. Recovery must lead to a different economy – more equal,inclusive and sustainable – where health, social and environmental conditions that determine well-being must be central to the development of the new normal.