Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 137 - 145 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568 İndeks Tarihi: 30-10-2020

Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors

Öz:
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of fear of labor on the level of prenatal attachment and the factors affecting it.Material and Methods: This descriptive and relational study was performed with 299 pregnant women who were 28-38 weeks and who came for routine checkups to Erzurum Nenehatun Maternity Hospital from June to December 2016. Data were collected from a questionnaire form, the A version of WIJMA birth expectancy/experience scale, and the prenatal attachment scale.Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the WIJMA birth expectancy/experience scale and the fear of giving birth (p<0.05). The difference between the number of pregnancies, number of abortions, and the fear of labor pain and mean scores of prenatal bonding scale was statistically significant (p<0.05). A total of 33.1% of the pregnant women were found to have a severe and clinical fear of labor. It was determined that they had a mean score of 54.12±23.68 on the WIJMA birth expectancy/experience scale, and their mean prenatal attachment score was 39.10±9.65. A very weak positive correlation was found between the average scores of these scales.Conclusion: As the fear of labor increased, the prenatal bonding levels also increased. It was determined that women who received prenatal care were not afraid of labor pain, did not find labor difficult, and had less fear of childbirth. In line with the results of this study, it is recommended that pregnant women receive pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal education by attending prenatal education classes.
Anahtar Kelime:

Doğum Korkusunun Prenatal Bağlanma Üzerine Etkisi ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Öz:
Amaç: Bu çalışma, gebelerin doğum korkusunun prenatal bağlanma düzeyine etkisini ve bu durumu etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikte olan çalışma Haziran-Aralık 2016 tarihleri arasında Erzurum Nenehatun Kadın Doğum Hastanesinde 28.-38. gebelik haftasına sahip olan ve rutin kontrollerine gelen 299 gebe ile yürütüldü. Veriler; anket formu, WIJMA Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği A versiyonu ve Prenatal Bağlanma Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin doğum öncesi bakım alma, düşük yapma ve doğum ağrısı çekmekten korkma durumu ile doğum korkusu ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu bulundu (p<0,05). Gebelerin gebelik sayısı, isteğe bağlı düşük yapma sayısı ve doğum ağrısı çekmekten korkma durumu ile prenatal bağlanma ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Gebelerin %33,1’inin ağır ve klinik derecede doğum korkusu yaşadığı saptandı. Gebelerin WIJMA Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalamasının 54,12±23,68 ve Prenatal Bağlanma ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalamasının 39,10±9,65 olduğu belirlendi. Ölçeklerin puan ortalamaları arasında çok zayıf düzeyde pozitif ilişki olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Çalışmada gebelerin doğum korkusu arttıkça prenatal bağlanma düzeylerinin de arttığı bulundu. Doğum öncesi bakım alan ve doğum ağrısı çekmekten korkmayan gebelerin daha az doğum korkusu yaşadıkları belirlendi. Çalışmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda gebelerin, doğum öncesi eğitim sınıflarına katılarak, gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonrası eğitim almaları önerilebilir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Klabbers GA, van Bakel HJ, van den Heuvel M, Vingerhoets AJ. Severe Fear of Childbirth: Its Features, Assesment, Prevalence, Determinants, Consequences and Possible Treatments. Psychological Topics 2016; 25: 107-27.
  • 2. Molgora S, Fenaroli V, Prino LE, Rollè L, Sechi C, Trovato A, et al. Fear of Childbirth in Primiparous Italian Pregnant Women: The Role of Anxiety, Depression, and Couple Adjustment. Women and Birth 2018; 31: 117-23.
  • 3. Aksoy AN. Doğum Korkusu: Literatür Değerlendirmesi. ODÜ Tıp Dergisi 2015; 2: 161-5.
  • 4. Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, Dencker A, Jangsten E, Mollberg M, et al. Definitions, Measurements and Prevalence of Fear of Childbirth: A Systematic Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2018; 18: 28-42.
  • 5. Pallant JF, Haines HM, Green P, Toohill J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, et al. Assessment of the Dimensionality of the WIJMA Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Using Factor Analysis and Rasch Analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2016; 16: 361-71.
  • 6. Fenaroli V, Saita E. Fear of Childbirth: A Contribution to the Validation of the Italian Version of the WIJMA Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ). TPM Test Psychom Methodol Appl Psychol 2013; 20: 131-54.
  • 7. Duyan V, Kapısız SG, Yakut Hİ. Doğum Öncesi Bağlanma Envanteri'nin Bir Grup Gebe Üzerinde Türkçe’ye Uyarlama Çalışması. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi 2013; 10: 1609-14.
  • 8. Brandon AR, Pitts S, Denton WH, Stringer CA, Evans HM. A History of the Theory of Prenatal Attachment. J Prenat Perinat Psychol Health 2009; 23: 201-22.
  • 9. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Prenatal Bağlanma Envanterinin Türkçe'ye Uyarlanması: Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2013; 16: 103-9.
  • 10. Abasi E, Tahmasebi H, Zafari M, Nasiri GT. Assessment on Effective Factors of Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women. Life Science Journal 2012; 9: 68-75.
  • 11. Muller ME. Development of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory. West J Nurs Res 1993; 15: 199-211.
  • 12. Yılmaz SD. Prenatal Anne-Bebek Bağlanması. HEAD 2013; 10: 28-33.
  • 13. Yılmaz SD, Beji NK. Gebelerin Stresle Başa Çıkma, Depresyon ve Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeyleri ve Bunları Etkileyen Faktörler. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2010; 20: 99-108.
  • 14. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric Aspects of the W-DEQ; A New Questionnaire for the Measurement of fear of Childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 19: 84-97.
  • 15. Korukcu O, Kukulu K, Firat MZ. The Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the WIJMA Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (WDEQ) with Pregnant Women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2012; 19: 193-202.
  • 16. George D, Mallery P. SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 4th edt. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2003.
  • 17. Güleç D, Öztürk R, Sevil Ü, Kazandı M. Gebelerin Yaşadıkları Doğum Korkusu ile Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek Arasındaki İlişki. Türkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst 2014; 24: 36-41.
  • 18. Ip WY, Tang CS, Goggins WB. An Educational Intervention to Improve Women's Ability to Cope with Childbirth. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18: 2125-35.
  • 19. Miquelutti MA, Cecatti JG, Makuch MY. Antenatal Education and the Birthing Experience of Brazilian Women: A Qualitative Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2013; 13: 171-9.
  • 20. Byrne J, Hauck Y, Fisher C, Bayes S, Schutze R. Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Childbirth Education Pilot Study on Maternal Self-Efficacy and Fear of Childbirth. J Midwifery Womens Health 2014; 59: 192-7.
  • 21. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Psycho-Education Intervention by Midwives in Reducing Childbirth Fear in Pregnant Women. Birth 2014; 41: 384-94.
  • 22. Serçekuş P. Başkale H. Effects of Antenatal Education on Fear of Childbirth, Maternal Self-Efficacy and Parental Attachment. Midwifery 2016; 34: 166-72.
  • 23. Serçekuş P, Okumuş H. Fears Associated with Childbirth Among Nulliparous Women in Turkey. Midwifery 2009; 25: 155-62.
  • 24. Dursun P, Yanık FB, Zeyneloglu HB, Baser E, Kuscu E, Ayhan A. Why Women Request Cesarean Section Without Medical Indication?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 24: 1133-7.
  • 25. Vatansever Z, Okumuş H. Gebelerin Doğum Şekline Karar Verme Durumlarının İncelenmesi. DEUHYO 2017; 6: 82-7.
  • 26. Uçar T, Gölbaşı Z. Nedenleri ve Sonuçlarıyla Doğum Korkusu. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2015; 4: 54-8.
  • 27. Baghdari N, Sahebzad ES, Kheirkhah M, Azmoude E. The Effects of Pregnancy-Adaptation Training on Maternal-Fetal Attachment and Adaptation in Pregnant Women With a History of Baby Loss. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016; 5: e28949.
  • 28. Yarcheski A, Mahon NE, Yarcheski TJ, Hanks MM, Cannella BL. A Meta-Analytic Study of Predictors of Maternal-Fetal Attachment. Int J Nurs Stud 2009; 46: 708-15.
  • 29. Kinsey CB, Baptiste-Roberts K, Zhu J, Kjerulff KH. Birth-Related, Psychosocial, and Emotional Correlates of Positive Maternal-In-fant Bonding in a Cohort of First-Time Mothers. Midwifery 2014; 30: e188-94.
  • 30. Figueiredo B, Costa R, Pacheco A, Pais A. Mother-to-Infant Emotional Involvement at Birth. Matern Child Health J 2009; 13: 539-49.
  • 31. Metin A. Gebelerin Algıladıkları Sosyal Destek ile Prenatal Bağlanma Arasındaki İlişki (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Erzurum: Atatürk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2014.
  • 32. Karakoç H, Özkan H. The Relationship With Prenatal Attachment of Psychosocial Health Status of Pregnant Women. IJHS 2017; 5: 36-46.
  • 33. Ustunsoz A, Guvenc G, Akyuz A, Oflaz F. Comparison of Maternal and Paternal Fetal Attachment in Turkish Couples. Midwifery 2010; 26: e1-9.
  • 34. Bakır N, Ölçer Z, Oskay Ü. Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Prenatal Bağlanma Düzeyi ve Etkileyen Faktörler. JACSD 2014; 1: 16-36.
  • 35. Akbaş M, Akbaş T, Akbaş O, Akbaş İ. An Analysis of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Level in Pregnant Women Life. Int J Health Life Sci 2017; 3: 77-87.
  • 36. Mutlu C, Yorbik Ö, Tanju IA, Çelikel F, Sezer RG. Doğum Öncesi, Doğum Sırası ve Doğum Sonrası Etkenlerin Annenin Bağlanması ile İlişkisi. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi 2015; 16: 442-50.
  • 37. Kartal YA, Karaman T. Doğuma Hazırlık Eğitiminin Gebelerde Prenatal Bağlanma ve Depresyon Riski Üzerine Etkisi. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni 2018; 49: 85-91.
  • 38. Rubertsson C, Pallant JF, Sydsjö G, Haines HM, Hildingsson I. Maternal Depressive Symptoms Have a Negative Impact on Prenatal Attachment-Findings from a Swedish Community Sample. J Reprod Infant Psyc 2015; 33: 153-64.
  • 39. Malm MC, Hildingsson I, Rubertsson C, Rådestad I, Lindgren H. Prenatal Attachment and Its Association With Foetal Movement During Pregnancy-A Population Based Survey. Women and Birth 2016; 29: 482-6.
  • 40. Hassan NMM, Hassan FMAE. Predictors of Maternal Fetal Attachment Among Pregnant Women. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 2017; 6: 95-106.
  • 41. Bakır N, Ölçer Z, Oskay Ü. The Levels and Affecting Factors of Prenatal Attachment in High Risk Pregnant. International Refereed Journal of Gynaecology and Maternal Child Health 2014; 1: 26-37.
  • 42. Aksoy YE, Yılmaz SD, Aslantekin F. Riskli Gebeliklerde Prenatal Bağlanma ve Sosyal Destek. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci 2016; 1: 163-9
  • 43. Toosi M, Akbarzadeh M, Sharif F, Zare N. The Reduction of Anxiety and Improved Maternal Attachment to Fetuses and Neonates by Relaxation Training in Primigravida Women. Women's Health Bulletin 2014; 1: 1-6.
  • 44. Abasi E, Tafazzoli M, Esmaily H, Hasanabadi H. The Effect of Maternal-Fetal Attachment Education on Maternal Mental Health. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 2013; 43: 815-20.
  • 45. Akbarzadeh M, Dokuhaki A, Joker A, Pishva N, Zare N. Teaching Attachment Behaviors to Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Effects on Infant Mental Health From Birth to the Age of Three Months. Annals of Saudi Medicine 2016; 36: 175-83.
  • 46. Setodeh S, Sharif F, Akbarzadeh M. The Impact of Paternal Attachment Training Skills on the Extent of Maternal Neonatal Attachment in Primiparous Women: A Clinical Trial. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2018; 20: 47-54.
  • 47. Yanıkkerem Uçum E, Kitapcıoğlu G, Karadeniz G. Kadınların Doğum Yöntemlerine Bakış Açısı, Deneyim ve Memnuniyetleri. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi 2010; 5: 107-23.
  • 48. Bülbül T, Özen B, Çopur A, Kayacık F. Gebelerin Doğum Korkusu ve Doğum Şekline Karar Verme Durumlarının İncelenmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016; 25: 126-30.
  • 49. Storksen HT, Eberhard‐Gran M, Garthus‐Niegel S, Eskild A. Fear of Childbirth; the Relation to Anxiety and Depression. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91: 237-42.
  • 50. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK. Prevalence of Childbirth Fear in an Australian Sample of Pregnant Women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2014; 14: 275-84.
  • 51. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre- and Postpartum Levels of Childbirth Fear and the Relationship to Birth Outcomes in a Cohort of Australian Women. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18: 667-77.
  • 52. Şahin N, Dinç H, Dişsiz M. Gebelerin Doğuma İlişkin Korkuları ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Zeynep Kamil Tıp Bülteni 2009; 40: 57-62.
  • 53. Körükçü Ö, Deliktaş A, Aydın R, Kabukcuoğlu K. Gebelikte Psikososyal Sağlık Durumu ile Doğum Korkusu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Clin Exp Health Sci 2017; 7: 1-6.
  • 54. Adams SS, Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A. Fear of Childbirth and Duration of Labour: A Study of 2206 Women With Intended Vaginal Delivery. BJOG-Int J Obstet Gy 2012; 119: 1238-46.
  • 55. Størksen HT, Garthus-Niegel S, Vangen S, Eberhard-Gran M. The Impact of Previous Birth Experiences on Maternal Fear of Childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92: 318-24.
  • 56. Rouhe H, Salmela-Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of Childbirth According to Parity, Gestational Age, and Obstetric History. BJOG-Int J Obstet Gy 2009; 116: 67-73.
  • 57. Hall WA, Hauck YL, Carty EM, Hutton EK, Fenwick J, Stoll K. Childbirth Fear, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Sleep Deprivation in Pregnant Women. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2009; 38: 567-76.
  • 58. Sayahi Y, Javadifar N, Cheraghian B, Sayahi M, Afshari P. The Relationship Between Unwanted Pregnancy With Mother and Father Attachment to Infant. Shiraz E-Med J 2017; 18: e14066.
  • 59. Garthus-Niegel S, Størksen HT, Torgersen L, Von Soest T, Eberhard-Gran M. The WIJMA Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-A Factor Analytic Study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2011; 32: 160-3.
APA Gürol A, Ejder Apay S, Sönmez T (2020). Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. , 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
Chicago Gürol Ayşe,Ejder Apay Serap,Sönmez Tuğçe Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. (2020): 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
MLA Gürol Ayşe,Ejder Apay Serap,Sönmez Tuğçe Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. , 2020, ss.137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
AMA Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. . 2020; 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
Vancouver Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. . 2020; 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
IEEE Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T "Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors." , ss.137 - 145, 2020. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
ISNAD Gürol, Ayşe vd. "Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors". (2020), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
APA Gürol A, Ejder Apay S, Sönmez T (2020). Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. Archives of health science and research (Online), 7(2), 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
Chicago Gürol Ayşe,Ejder Apay Serap,Sönmez Tuğçe Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. Archives of health science and research (Online) 7, no.2 (2020): 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
MLA Gürol Ayşe,Ejder Apay Serap,Sönmez Tuğçe Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. Archives of health science and research (Online), vol.7, no.2, 2020, ss.137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
AMA Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2020; 7(2): 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
Vancouver Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2020; 7(2): 137 - 145. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
IEEE Gürol A,Ejder Apay S,Sönmez T "Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors." Archives of health science and research (Online), 7, ss.137 - 145, 2020. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568
ISNAD Gürol, Ayşe vd. "Effects of the Labour Fear on the Prenatal Attachment and Determination of the Affecting Factors". Archives of health science and research (Online) 7/2 (2020), 137-145. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.460568