Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia
Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 184 - 188 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 İndeks Tarihi: 30-10-2020
Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia
Öz: Difficulties in participation in physical activities faced by individuals who are wheelchair dependent with cerebral palsy and other disabilities lead to a sedentary lifestyle. As a result, their physical fitness levels are far below normal, and these individuals are at a very high risk of health problems related to inactivity and obesity compared with their healthy peers. In order to reduce these risks and prevent additional health problems, it is vital to provide opportunities to participate in physical activities that are suitable for individuals with severe disability. Studies investigating the participation of children and adults with disability in physical activities mostly include individuals who can walk independently or with an aid. Research about the participation in physical activity of individuals who are wheelchair-dependent and severely disabled is very limited, and little is known about the activities and programs that can be recommended for these individuals. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of participation in physical activity and sports for individuals with severe disability, especially those with cerebral palsy, and to increase the awareness of Paralympic boccia among the related professionals as an activity that will increase social participation of persons with severe disability.
Anahtar Kelime: Serebral Palsi ve Diğer Ağır Engelli Çocuk ve Erişkinler için Fiziksel Aktivite ve Spor Örneği: Paralimpik Boccia
Öz: Mobilizasyonda tekerlekli sandalyeye bağımlı serebral palsi ve diğer engelli bireylerin fiziksel aktiviteye katılımda karşılaştıkları güçlükler, bu bireylerin sedanter yaşam tarzı sürmelerine neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak bu bireylerin fiziksel uygunluk seviyeleri normalin altına düşmekte ve inaktiviteye bağlı problemler ve obezite açısından sağlıklı akranlarına göre daha yüksek risk altında bulunmaktadırlar. Bu risklerden korunmak ve oluşabilecek ek sağlık problemlerinin önlenmesi açısından ağır düzeyde engeli olan bireylerin uygun fiziksel aktivite programlarına katılımını sağlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Serebral palsi ve diğer engel gruplarının fiziksel aktiviteye katılımının incelendiği çalışmalarda çoğunlukla bağımsız yürüyebilen veya yardımcı cihaz desteğiyle yürüyebilen bireylere yer verilmektedir. Tekerlekli sandalyeye bağımlı ağır engelli bireylerin fiziksel aktivite katılımları ilgili çalışma yok denecek kadar sınırlı olmakla birlikte bu seviye engelli bireyler için önerilebilecek aktivite ve programlar çok az bilinmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı serebral palsi başta olmak üzere ağır düzeyde engelli bireyler için fiziksel aktivite ve spora katılımın önemini vurgulamak ve bu seviyedeki engellilerin sosyal katılımını artıracak bir aktivite olan Paralimpik Boccianın ilgili meslek elemanları arasında bilinirliğini artırmaktı.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B, et al. Executive Committee for the Definition of Cerebral Palsy. Proposed Definition And Classification Of Cerebral Palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47: 571-6.
- 2. Alexander MA, Matthews DJ, editors. Pediatric Rehabilitation Principles and Practice. 4th Ed. Newyork: Demos Medical; 2010. p.165-198.
- 3. Shikako-Thomas K, Majnemer A, Law M, Lach L. Determinants of Participation in Leisure Activities in Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy: Systematic Review. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2008; 28: 155-69.
- 4. Verschuren O, Wiart L, Hermans D, Ketelaar M. Identification of Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy. J Pediatr 2012; 161: 488-94.
- 5. Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans AC, Hurvitz EA. Exercise and Physical Activity Recommendations for People with Cerebral Palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58: 798-808.
- 6. Reedman S, NBoyd R, Sakzewski L. The Efficacy of İnterventions to İncrease Physical Activity Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59: 1011-8.
- 7. Bloemen M, Van Wely L, Mollema J, Dallmeijer A, de Groot J. Evidence For Increasing Physical Activity in Children with Physical Disabilities: A Systematic Review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59: 1004-10.
- 8. Ergun N. Bedensel Engellilerde Sportif Aktiviteler ve Klasifikasyon. Erkmen N, Revan D, Çakmakçı E, Bozdam A. Editörler. I. Uluslararası Katılımlı Engellilerde Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Kongresi, Kongre Kitabı. Konya: Canlı Ofset; 2011. p. 42-47.
- 9. Bodkin AW, Robinson C, Perales FP. Reliability and Validity of the Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther 2003; 15: 247-52.
- 10. Murphy NA, Carbone PS. American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children With Disabilities. Promoting the Participation of Children With Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, And Physical Activities. Pediatrics 2008; 121:1057-61.
- 11. Cpisra.org [Internet]. Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association. Available from: http://cpisra.org/sport/.
- 12. Paralimpic.org [Internet]. Paralympic Sports: Boccia. Available from: https://www.paralympic.org/boccia.
- 13. Tbesf.org [Internet]. Boccia. Available from: http://www.tbesf.org.tr/branslar/yonergeler-ve-bilgi-formlari/?catid=14&id=575.
- 14. Bisfed. com [Internet]. About Boccia. Available from: http://www.bisfed.com/about-boccia/.
- 15. Bisfed. com [Internet]. Boccia Court Layout. Available from: http://www.bisfed.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Boccia-Court-Layout-1.pdf.
- 16. Bisfed. com [Internet]. BISFed International Boccia Rules - 2018 (v.3). Available from: http://www.bisfed.com/about-boccia/rules/.
- 17. Bisfed.com [Internet]. Boccia classification rules. 4th-Edition, October 2018. Available from: http://www.bisfed.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Boccia classification rules.
- 18. Paralympic.org [Internet]. International Standard for Eligible Impairments. Available from: https://www.paralympic.org/sites/default/files/document/161004145727129_2016_10_04_International_Standard_for_Eligible_Impairments_1.pdf.
- 19. Love S, Gibson N, Smith N, Bear N, Blair E; Australian Cerebral Palsy Register Group. Interobserver reliability of the Australian Spasticity Assessment Scale (ASAS). Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58: 18-24.
- 20. Monbaliu E, Ortibus E, De Cat J, Dan B, Heyrman L, Prinzie P, et al. The Dyskinesia İmpairment Scale: A New İnstrument to Measure Dystonia and Choreoathetosis in Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2012; 54: 278-83.
- 21. Schmitz-Hübsch T, du Montcel ST, Baliko L, Berciano J, Boesch S, Depondt C, et all. Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia: Development of A New Clinical Scale. Neurology 2006; 66: 1717-20.
- 22. Barbara H. Connolly. Daniels and Worthingham's Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination. 6th ed. Philadelphia, US: W.B. Saunders; 1995.
- 23. Bisfed.com [Internet]. Boccia classification rules. 4th-Edition, October 2018. Available from: http://www.bisfed.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Boccia classification rules.
- 24. Roldan A, Sabido R, Barbado D, Caballero C, Reina R. Manual Dexterity and Intralimb Coordination Assessment to Distinguish Different Levels of İmpairment in Boccia Players with Cerebral Palsy. Front Neurol 2017; 8: 582
- 25. Fong DT, Yam KY, Chu VW, Cheung RT, Chan KM. Upper Limb Muscle Fatigue during Prolonged Boccia Games with Underarm Throwing Technique. Sports Biomech 2012; 11:441-51.
- 26. Grecco LA, Zanon N, Sampaio LM, Oliveira CS, A Comparison of Treadmill Training and Overground Walking in Ambulant Children with Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Clin Rehabil 2013; 27: 686-96
- 27. Mitchell LE, Ziviani J, Boyd RN. Characteristics Associated with Physical Activity among İndependently Ambulant Children and Adolescents with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2015; 57:167-74.
- 28. Ryan JM, Hensey O, McLoughlin B, Lyons A, Gormley J. Reduced Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Increased Sedentary Behavior are Associated with Elevated Blood Pressure Values in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Phys Ther 2014; 94: 1144-53.
- 29. Ross SM, MacDonald M, Bigouette JP. Effects of Strength Training on Mobility in Adults with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review. Disabil Health J 2016; 9: 375-84.
- 30. Rimmer JH, Riley B, Wang E, Rauworth A, Jurkowski J. Physical Activity Participation among Persons with Disabilities Barriers and Facilitators. Am J Prev Med 2004; 26: 419-25.
- 31. Barak S, Hutzler Y, Dubnov-Raz G. Physical Exercise for People with Cerebral Palsy: Effects, Recommendations and Barriers. Harefuah 2014; 153: 266-72, 305.
- 32. Sahlin KB, Lexell J. Impact of Organized Sports on Activity, Participation, and Quality of Life in People With Neurologic Disabilities. PM R 2015; 7: 1081-18.
- 33. Reedman SE, Boyd RN, Trost SG, Elliott C, Sakzewski L. Efficacy of Participation-Focused Therapy on Performance of Physical Activity Participation Goals and Habitual Physical Activity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 100: 676-86.
| APA | Cicek A (2020). Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. , 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| Chicago | Cicek Aynur Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. (2020): 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| MLA | Cicek Aynur Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. , 2020, ss.184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| AMA | Cicek A Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. . 2020; 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| Vancouver | Cicek A Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. . 2020; 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| IEEE | Cicek A "Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia." , ss.184 - 188, 2020. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| ISNAD | Cicek, Aynur. "Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia". (2020), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| APA | Cicek A (2020). Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. Archives of health science and research (Online), 7(2), 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| Chicago | Cicek Aynur Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. Archives of health science and research (Online) 7, no.2 (2020): 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| MLA | Cicek Aynur Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. Archives of health science and research (Online), vol.7, no.2, 2020, ss.184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| AMA | Cicek A Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2020; 7(2): 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| Vancouver | Cicek A Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia. Archives of health science and research (Online). 2020; 7(2): 184 - 188. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| IEEE | Cicek A "Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia." Archives of health science and research (Online), 7, ss.184 - 188, 2020. 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
| ISNAD | Cicek, Aynur. "Physical Activity and Sports Example for Children and Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Other Severely Disabled: Paralympic Boccia". Archives of health science and research (Online) 7/2 (2020), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2020.565368 |
