Benjamin of Lesbos is one of the remarkable figures of the Greek cultural movement which is named in western literature as the Modern Greek Enlightenment from the second half of the 18th century to the Greek revolt in 1821. Benjamin, who lived between the years of 1762-1824, met the ideas of enlightenment and revolution in Paris where he had studied during the Revolution years and by bringing along himself these ideas to the Ottoman lands played a role in cultural, social and political transformation of the Ottoman Greek community. As well as he was born in Lesbos, his name is mostly remembered with Ayvalık where he lived a significant part of his life. Because he carried out notable activities as a teacher in order to improve the Greek education in Ayvalık and İzmir which were known as the commerce centres of Ottoman lands that had commercial and cultural ties with the West. For this reason, he had a significant place in the cultural progress of the Greeks of Western Anatolia. The ideas and theories about physics and natural sciences of Benjamin, who was also a monk, like most of the teachers of the Greek Orthodox community of which he was a member, not only attracted the reaction of the Patriarchate, but also opened a road to the Greek revolt which paved the way for the decline of the Ottoman Empire as a guide in the adventure of gaining ethnical identity of the Greeks. Benjamin, who also served as a deputy in the provisional Greek Assembly during the establishment of the Greek state, was described as “the teacher of the nation” in Greek historiography due to the mission he undertook for the national awakening of the Greeks. In this study which was prepared based on Greek sources, the mobilization of education and enlightenment which consisted the preparation phase of the Greek revolution was tried to be analyzed through the life story and ideology of the Greek teacher Benjamin Lesbios, also the role of Benjamin in the cultivation of the enlightening and nationalist ideas among Greeks was discussed.