Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 177 - 202 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146 İndeks Tarihi: 10-12-2020

Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective

Öz:
The phenomena of leadership has long been cited and discussed in business and management literature.Discourse on effective leadership qualities is popular in management circles. Interestingly, traditional literature onleadership has presented rather diverse results. And recent developments in the field of leadership and managementreveal a growing interest in religion and spirituality. The present study attempts to understand leadership and submita comprehensive framework exploring leadership traits from an Islamic viewpoint. A sample of 16 respondentswas selected, most of whom had extensive knowledge and experience in leadership and management. They belongedto diverse industries such as manufacturing, construction, telecommunications, banking and education. The studyfound that Islamic Leadership is based around the notion of stewardship of Allah’s creation. An Islamic leader mustbe a role model with exemplary personality, attitude, character and competence. And only those individuals may beselected as leaders who have piety (Taqwa) and goodness. The study also presented that Taqwa, Consultation andIntellectual competence are the key traits for a Muslim leader. In addition, Taqwa encompasses Islamic Spiritualityand Islamic Social responsibly. The sub-constructs of Taqwa include; belief (Iman), worship (Ibadat) and repentance(Tawbah), patience, emotional control, forgiveness, the establishment of zakah and giving sadakah, fulfillment ofcontracts, justice and integrity. Together, these traits frame the overall description of Islamic leadership.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abdalati, H. (1998). Islam in Focus. Kuala Lumpur: Islamic Book Trust.
  • Ahmad, K. (2008). Management from Islamic Perspective: Principles and Practices. Kuala Lumpur: IIUM Press.
  • Al-Atrash. (2002). Hakekat AlTaqwa. Alexandria: Dar- Aliman.
  • Al-Buraey, M. (2003). Islamic principles in the management of an organization: A focus on leading. Accounting, Commerce and Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal, 7 (1&2), 27-69.
  • Ali, A. (1987). Scaling an Islamic work ethic. The Journal of Social Psychology. Vol. 128 No.5. pp. 575-583.
  • Ali, A. J. (2005). Islamic perspective of management and organization. United Kingdom: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Al-Sharawi, M. (2004). Mafatih al-rizk wa abwab al-faraj (The keys to wealthy lives and the doors to success). Cairo: Al Tawfikia Publications.
  • Antonakis, J., & House, R. J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational–transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), pp. 746-771.
  • Antonakis, J., Avolio, B. J., & Sivasubramanian, N. (2003). Context and leadership: An examination of the nine-factor fullrange leadership theory using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 14, pp. 261-295.
  • Ashmos, D.P. and Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Enquiry, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 134-145.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions (pp. 49-80). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Beekun, R. I., & Badawi, J. (1999). Leadership: An Islamic Perspective. Kuala Lumpur: Amana Publications.
  • Berg, B.L. (2007), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, Pearson, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Bhatti, K.O. (2015). Impact of Islamic piety on workplace deviance. PhD in Business Thesis, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Bhatti, O. K. & YUMUŞAK, G. I (2017). Improving Employees’ Performance through Islamic Spirituality and Social Responsibility. Al-Qalam Research Journal, 22(2), 1-13.
  • Bhatti, O. K., Alam, M., Hassan, A., & Sulaiman, M. (2016b). Islamic spirituality and social responsibility in curtailing the workplace deviance. Humanomics, Vol. 32 No.4, pp. 405-417.
  • Bhatti, O. K., Aslam, U. S., Hassan, A., & Sulaiman, M. (2016a). Employee motivation an Islamic perspective. Humanomics, Vol. 32 No 1, pp. 33-47.
  • Bhatti, O.K., Alkahtani, A., Hassan, A. and Sulaiman, M. (2015), “The relationship between Islamic piety (Taqwa) and workplace deviance with organizational justice as a moderator”, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 136-154.
  • Blank, W. (2001). The 108 skills of natural born leaders. New York: AMACOM.
  • Brandt, E. (1996). Corporate pioneers explore spirituality. HR Magazine, Vol. 41 No. 4, pp. 82.
  • Brennan, S. (2017). Leadership development through a constructive development lens. PhD Thesis, Dublin City University, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
  • Bryant, J.S. (1998). Faith at work. Black Enterprise, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 161.
  • Chapra, M. U. (1992). Islam and the economic challenge. Leicester: Islamic Foundation.
  • Daft, R. L. (2002). The leadership experience (2nd Ed). Mason, OH: Thomson South- Western.
  • Day, D. V. (2000). Leadership development: A review in context. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(4), pp. 581–613.
  • Day, D. V. (2010). The difficulties of learning from experience and the need for deliberate practice. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 3(1), pp. 41–44.
  • Day, D. V. (2011). Integrative perspectives on longitudinal investigations of leader development: From childhood through adulthood. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(3), pp. 561–571.
  • Day, D. V., Fleenor, J. W., Atwater, L. E., Sturm, R. E., & McKee, R. A. (2014). Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), pp. 63-82.
  • Egel, E., & Fry, L. W. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for Islamic leadership. Public Integrity, 19(1), 77-95.
  • Fiedler, F. E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Galanou, A., & Farrag, D. A. (2015). Towards the distinctive Islamic mode of leadership in business. Journal of Management Development, 34(8), 882-900.
  • Graber, D.R. (2001). Spirituality and healthcare organizations. Journal of Healthcare Management, Vol. 46 No. 1, pp. 39-50.
  • Gunther, M. (2001). God and business, Fortune, Vol. 144 No. 1, pp. 59-80.
  • Hamid, A. H. (1999). Islam the natural way. Kuala Lumpur. A. S. Noordeen.: A. S. Noordeen.
  • Haneef, M. A. M. (1997). Islam, the Islamic worldview and Islamic economics. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, Vol.5 No.1, pp. 39-66.
  • Hawa, S. (2004). Tarbeitena Alruhia. Cairo: Dar-Alsalam.
  • Heinitz, K., & Rowold, J. (2007). Psychometric properties of a German adaptation of the Transformational Leadership Inventory (TLI) by Podsakoff. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie, Vol. 51, pp. 1-15.
  • Horner, M. (1997). Leadership theory: past, present and future. Team Performance Management, Vol.3 No. 4, pp. 270-287.
  • Ibn Kather Al-Qurashi Al-damashqi, A. I. (2003). Tafsir Al-Quran Al-kareem.
  • Ibrahim, M. (1997). Alkeiadah Altarbawih Fi Alislam. Amman: Jordan: Dar- Magdlawi.
  • Jian, G., & Fairhurst, G. T. (2017). Leadership in organizations. The international encyclopedia of organizational communication, pp. 1-20.
  • Jubran, A. M. (2015). Educational Leadership: A new Trend that Society Needs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 210, 28-34.
  • Kamil, N.M., Sulaiman, M., Osman-Gani, M.A. and Ahmad, K. (2011), Implications of Taqwa on organizational citizenship behavior, in Osman-Gani and Sarif (Eds), Spirituality in Management from Islamic Perspective, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM press, Kuala Lumpur.
  • Manz, C.C., Manz, K.K., Marx, R. and Neck, C.P. (2001). The Wisdom of Solomon at Work: Ancient Virtues for Living and Leading Today. Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, CA.
  • McCarthy, J.L. (1996). Through the needle’s eye: the spiritual CEO. Chief Executive, No. 110, pp. 48-50.
  • Miles, M.B. and Huberman, A.M. (1994), An Expanded Sourcebook: Qualitative Data Analysis, Sage Publication, Thousand Oaks.
  • Mitroff, I.I. and Denton, E.A. (1999). A Spiritual Audit of Corporate America. Jossey- Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA.
  • Mohsen, N. R. M. (2007). Leadership from the Quran, operationalization of concepts and empirical analysis: Relationship between Taqwa, trust and business leadership effectiveness. PhD Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Othman, A. K., Hamzah, M. I., & Ridzuan, A. (2018). Towards The Development Of Universal Islamic Leadership Model: Reviewing The Existing Islamic Leadership Theories And Models. Journal of Islamic Management Studies, 1(2), 40-47.
  • Parry, K., Mumford, M. D., Bower, I., & Watts, L. L. (2014). Qualitative and historiometric methods in leadership research: A review of the first 25 years of The Leadership Quarterly. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), pp. 132-151.
  • Qutob, S. (1986). Tafsir Fi Zilal Al- Quran. Kaherah, Mesir: Dar Syuruk.
  • Rafferty, A. E., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Dimensions of transformational leadership: Conceptual and empirical extensions. Leadership Quarterly, Vol.15, pp. 329-354.
  • Rowold, J., & Heinitz, K. (2007). Transformational and charismatic leadership: Assessing the convergent, divergent and criterion validity of the MLQ and CKS. Leadership Quarterly, Vol. 18, pp.121-133.
  • Sulaiman, M., & Bhatti, O. K. (2013). Workplace deviance and spirituality in Muslim organizations. Asian Social Science, Vol. 9 No. 10, pp. 237-246.
  • Sulaiman, M., Selladurai, S., Kamil, N. M., & Mukred, N. R. (2015), The Influence of Spirituality and Responsibility on Business leadership Effectiveness: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol.10 No. 2, pp. 310-334.
  • Thompson, W.D. (2000). Can you train people to be spiritual?. Training and Development, Vol. 54 No. 12, pp. 18-19.
  • Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in organization (5th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
APA BHATTİ D, Farooq W, Ozturk A (2019). Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. , 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
Chicago BHATTİ Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti,Farooq Waqas,Ozturk Ali Osman Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. (2019): 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
MLA BHATTİ Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti,Farooq Waqas,Ozturk Ali Osman Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. , 2019, ss.177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
AMA BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. . 2019; 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
Vancouver BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. . 2019; 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
IEEE BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A "Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective." , ss.177 - 202, 2019. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
ISNAD BHATTİ, Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti vd. "Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective". (2019), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
APA BHATTİ D, Farooq W, Ozturk A (2019). Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 12(2), 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
Chicago BHATTİ Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti,Farooq Waqas,Ozturk Ali Osman Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. İş Ahlakı Dergisi 12, no.2 (2019): 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
MLA BHATTİ Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti,Farooq Waqas,Ozturk Ali Osman Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. İş Ahlakı Dergisi, vol.12, no.2, 2019, ss.177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
AMA BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. İş Ahlakı Dergisi. 2019; 12(2): 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
Vancouver BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective. İş Ahlakı Dergisi. 2019; 12(2): 177 - 202. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
IEEE BHATTİ D,Farooq W,Ozturk A "Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective." İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 12, ss.177 - 202, 2019. 10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146
ISNAD BHATTİ, Dr Omar Khalid Bhatti vd. "Reassessing Leadership traits: An Islamic perspective". İş Ahlakı Dergisi 12/2 (2019), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.12711/tjbe.2019.12.2.0146