Air transport continues to change and develop in the face of a growing demand in all over the world. Besides, changes in business models and in economic and legal regulations make airline companies advantageous in Turkey over other operational competitors in the transportation sector. Moreover, for the companies in the airline industry, it is imperative to give importance to human resources as much as the value they give to their customers in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. Yet, despite the increasing importance of human resources, one of the major problems occurring in the airline sector, which is labor- and stress-intensive, is the high turnover rate. As a solution to this problem, in order to increase the commitment of the personnel to the organization, it is possible to achieve the targeted organizational efficiency by reducing the stress within the organization while exhibiting the voluntary-based organizational citizenship behavior. Accordingly, this study aims at empirically analyzing the relationship between the organizational stress experienced by airline flight crew and their organizational citizenship behavior. For this purpose, the concepts of organizational stress and organizational citizenship behavior are initially explored in this study and, then, the extant literature is reviewed in terms of the airline flight crew. In line with the purpose, the research data, based on 645 participants, were examined in the Turkish context and simple linear correlation and multiple linear regression analyzes were applied in order to determine cause-and-effect relationships. The obtained findings conclude that organizational stress negatively affect organizational citizenship behaviors and, thereby, a significant contribution is provided to the existing literature which remains insufficient for analyzing both concepts in regards to the mentioned target group.