Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler

Sabahat Çiğdem BAĞCI, (Sabancı Üniversitesi, Sanat ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Esra CANPOLAT (Işık Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye)
Nesne Dergisi
28 6
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 15 Sayfa Aralığı: 149 - 169 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01 İndeks Tarihi: 27-11-2020

Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler

Öz:
Son yıllarda Türkiye’de ve dünyada artan göç sayısı ile birlikte, farklı gruplar arasındaki ilişkileri düzenlemek ve uyum sürecinde çeşitli zorluklar yaşayan göçmen, sığınmacı ve mülteci grupların psikolojik iyi oluşlarını arttırabilmek adına gruplararası temasın etki mekanizmasının anlaşılması bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Suriyeli sığınmacıların Türklerle temasının psikolojik iyi oluşlarıyla ilişkisinde gruplararası kaygı, içgrupla özdeşleşme ve toplumsal kabullenilmenin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Toplamda 163 Suriyeli katılımcı (88 kadın, 75 erkek) gruplararası temas, gruplararası kaygı, çoklu-grup kimlikle özdeşleşme, toplumsal kabullenilme ve psikolojik büyüme ölçeklerini cevaplandırmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, olumlu temasın gruplararası kaygı ile olumsuz, içgrup kimlikle özdeşleşme ve toplumsal kabullenme ile olumlu yönde ilişkili olduğuna dair bulgular elde edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda, gruplararası kaygı, kimlikle özdeşleşme ve toplumsal kabullenilme psikolojik iyi oluşu anlamlı şekilde yordamaktadır. Gruplararası temas ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin doğrudan anlamlı olmadığı; ancak bu ilişkinin üç aracı değişken aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak anlamlı olduğu bulunmuştur. Bulgular Suriyeli sığınmacıların Türklerle olumlu temasının psikolojik iyi oluşlarına olumlu katkısının altını çizmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Mediators on The Relationship between Contact with Turks and Psychological Well-being among Syrian Asylum Seekers

Öz:
With increasing number of immigrants throughout the world and Turkey, it has become critical to examine the role of intergroup contact between majority and minority groups to improve the psychological well-being of immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees who face major difficulties during this adaptational process. The aim of this study is to show whether Syrian asylum seekers’ contact with Turks is related to their psychological well-being via the mediating roles of intergroup anxiety, ingroup identification, and social acceptance. A total of 163 Syrian participants (88 females, 75 males) responded to measures of intergroup contact, intergroup anxiety, multi-group ethnic identity, public self-esteem, and flourishing scales. Findings demonstrated that positive contact was negatively associated with intergroup anxiety and positively associated with both social acceptance and ingroup identification. While the direct relationship between intergroup contact and psychological well-being was not significant, the indirect effects of contact on well-being were significant across all three mediators. Findings are discussed in terms of the effective role of intergroup contact on predicting Syrians’ psychological well-being.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Acarturk, C., Cetinkaya, M., Senay, I., Gulen, B., Aker, T. ve Hinton, D. (2018). Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms among Syrian refugees in a refugee camp. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206, 40-45.
  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. USA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Alpak, G., Unal, A., Bulbul, F., Sagaltici, E., Bez, Y., Altindag, A., ... ve Savas, H. A. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 19, 45-50.
  • Bagci, S. C. ve Canpolat, E. (2019, online basımda) Group efficacy as a moderator on the associations between perceived discrimination, acculturation orientations, and psychological well-being. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology. DOI: 10.1002/casp.2421.
  • Bagci, S. C., Piyale, Z. E., Bircek, N. I. ve Ebcim, E. (2018). Think beyond contact: Reformulating imagined intergroup contact theory by adding friendship potential. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 21, 1034-1052.
  • Bagci, S. C., Piyale, Z. E., Sen, E. ve Yildirim, O. (2019). Beyond shifting intergroup attitudes: Intergroup contact's association with socio‐cognitive skills and group‐based ideologies. Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology, 3, 176-188.
  • Bagci, S. C., Rutland, A., Kumashiro, M., Smith, P. K. ve Blumberg, H. (2014). Are minoritystatus children's cross-ethnic friendships beneficial in a multiethnic context?. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 32, 107-115.
  • Bagci, S. C., Stathi, S. ve Piyale, Z. E. (2018, online basımda). Imagined contact facilitates acculturation, sometimes: Contradicting evidence from two sociocultural contexts. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology.
  • Bagci, S. C. ve Turnuklu, A. (2019). Intended, unintended, and unknown consequences of contact: The role of positive–negative contact on outgroup attitudes, collective action tendencies, and psychological well-Being. Social Psychology, 50, 7-23.
  • Bagci, S. C., Turnuklu, A. ve Bekmezci, E. (2018). Cross‐group friendships and psychological well-being: A dual pathway through social integration and empowerment. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57, 773-792.
  • Barlow, F. K., Louis, W. R. ve Hewstone, M. (2009). Rejected! Cognitions of rejection andintergroup anxiety as mediators of the impact of cross‐group friendships on prejudice. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 389-405.
  • Barlow, F. K., Paolini, S., Pedersen, A., Hornsey, M. J., Radke, H. R., Harwood, J., ... ve Sibley, C. G. (2012). The contact caveat: Negative contact predicts increased prejudice more than positive contact predicts reduced prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 1629-1643.
  • Benson, G. O., Sun, F., Hodge, D. R. ve Androff, D. K. (2012). Religious coping and acculturation stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A study of newly-resettled refugees in the United States International Social Work, 55, 538-553.
  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology, 46, 5-34.
  • Bousfield, C. ve Hutchison, P. (2010). Contact, anxiety, and young people's attitudes and behavioral intentions towards the elderly. Educational Gerontology, 36, 451-466.
  • Branscombe, N. R., Schmitt, M. T. ve Harvey, R. D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
  • Cameron, L., Rutland, A., Brown, R. ve Douch, R. (2006). Changing children's intergroup attitudes toward refugees: Testing different models of extended contact. Child Development, 77, 1208-1219.
  • Cantekin, D. ve Gençöz, T. (2017). Mental health of Syrian asylum seekers in Turkey: The role of pre-migration and post-migration risk factors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology,36, 835-859.
  • Carswell, K., Blackburn, P. ve Barker, C. (2011). The relationship between trauma, post-migration problems and the psychological well-being of refugees and asylum seekers. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57, 107-119.
  • Couture, S. ve Penn, D. (2003). Interpersonal contact and the stigma of mental illness: A review of the literature. Journal of Mental Health, 12, 291-305.
  • Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Blaine, B. ve Broadnax, S. (1994). Collective self-esteem and psychological well-being among White, Black, and Asian college students. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 503-513.
  • Crockett, L. J., Iturbide, M. I., Torres Stone, R. A., McGinley, M., Raffaelli, M. ve Carlo, G. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American college students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13, 347-355.
  • Çelebi, E., Verkuyten, M. ve Bagci, S. C. (2017). Ethnic identification, discrimination, and mental and physical health among Syrian refugees: The moderating role of identity needs. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 832-843.
  • Detrie, P. M. ve Lease, S. H. (2008). The relation of social support, connectedness, and collective self-esteem to the psychological well-being of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Journal of Homosexuality, 53, 173–199.
  • Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., Oishi, S. ve Biswas-Diener, R. (2010). New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings. Social Indicators Research, 97, 143-156.
  • Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., Tredoux, C., Tropp, L., Clack, B. ve Eaton, L. (2010). A paradox of integration? Interracial contact, prejudice reduction, and perceptions of racial discrimination. Journal of Social Issues, 66, 401-416.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2014). Türkiye’deki Suriyeliler: Toplumsal kabul ve uyum araştırması [Syrians in Turkey: Social acceptance and adaptation research] (Report). Ankara, Turkiye: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Göç ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Merkezi.
  • Feddes, A. R., Noack, P. ve Rutland, A. (2009). Direct and extended friendship effects on minority and majority children’s interethnic attitudes: A longitudinal study. Child development, 80, 377-390.
  • Fente, L. H. K. ve Fiske, S. T. (2018). Ethnic identity and ethnic organizations: The role of self-construal in the psychological well-being of migrants. M. Karasawa, M. Yuki, K. Ishii, Y. Uchida, K. Sato, & W. Friedlmeier (Eds.) içinde, Venture into cross-cultural psychology: Proceedings from the 23rd Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology.
  • Gerritsen, A. A., Bramsen, I., Devillé, W., van Willigen, L. H., Hovens, J. E. ve Van Der Ploeg, H. M. (2006). Physical and mental health of Afghan, Iranian and Somali asylum seekers and refugees living in the Netherlands. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41, 18-26.
  • Hançer, M. (2003). Ölçeklerin yazım dilinden başka bir dile çevirileri ve kullanılan değişik yaklaşımlar. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6, 47-61.
  • Hayward, L. E., Tropp, L. R., Hornsey, M. J. ve Barlow, F. K. (2017). Toward a comprehensive understanding of intergroup contact: Descriptions and mediators of positive and negative contact among majority and minority groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 347-364.
  • Herek, G. M. ve Glunt, E. K. (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals’ attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30, 239-244.
  • Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., Voci, A., Hamberger, J. ve Niens, U. (2006). Intergroup contact, forgiveness, and experience of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 99-120.
  • Hodson, G., Crisp, R. J., Meleady, R. ve Earle, M. (2018). Intergroup contact as an agent of cognitive liberalization. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13, 523-548.
  • Hsu, E., Davies, C. A., & Hansen, D. J. (2004). Understanding mental health needs of Southeast Asian refugees: Historical, cultural, and contextual challenges. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 193-213.
  • Jasinskaja-Lahti, I., Mähönen, T. A. ve Liebkind, K. (2011). Ingroup norms, intergroup contact and intergroup anxiety as predictors of the outgroup attitudes of majority and minority youth. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 346-355.
  • Jetten, J., Haslam, C. ve Alexander, S. H. (Eds.). (2012). The social cure: Identity, health and well-being. Psychology Press.
  • Kauff, M., Schmid, K., Lolliot, S., Al Ramiah, A. ve Hewstone, M. (2016). Intergroup contact effects via ingroup distancing among majority and minority groups: Moderation by social dominance orientation. PloS one, 11, e0146895.
  • Koc, Y. ve Anderson, J. R. (2018). Social distance toward Syrian refugees: The role of intergroup anxiety in facilitating positive relations. Journal of Social Issues, 74, 790-811.
  • Levin, S., Van Laar, C. ve Sidanius, J. (2003). The effects of ingroup and outgroup friendships on ethnic attitudes in college: A longitudinal study. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6, 76-92.
  • López-Rodríguez, L., Zagefka, H., Navas, M. ve Cuadrado, I. (2014). Explaining majority members’ acculturation preferences for minority members: A mediation model. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 38, 36-46.
  • Lumley, M., Katsikitis, M. ve Statham, D. (2018). Depression, anxiety, and acculturative stress among resettled Bhutanese refugees in Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49, 1269-1282.
  • Luhtanen, R. ve Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318.
  • Maoz, I. ve Ellis, D. G. (2008). Intergroup communication as a predictor of Jewish-Israeli agreement with integrative solutions to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict: The mediating effects of out-group trust and guilt. Journal of Communication, 58, 490-507.
  • Maras, P. ve Brown, R. (2000). Effects of different forms of school contact on children's attitudes toward disabled and non‐disabled peers. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 337-351.
  • Mazziotta, A., Mummendey, A. ve Wright, S. C. (2011). Vicarious intergroup contact effects: Applying social-cognitive theory to intergroup contact research. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14, 255-274.
  • Mendoza-Denton, R. ve Page-Gould, E. (2008). Can cross-group friendships influence minority students' well-being at historically White universities?. Psychological Science, 19, 933-939.
  • Miles, E. ve Crisp, R. J. (2014). A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 17, 3-26.
  • Mossakowski, K. N. (2003). Coping with perceived discrimination: Does ethnic identity protect mental health?. Journal of health and social behavior, 44, 318-331.
  • Nakash, O., Nagar, M., Shoshani, A. ve Lurie, I. (2015). The association between acculturation patterns and mental health symptoms among Eritrean and Sudanese asylum seekers in Israel. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21, 468.
  • Nasıroğlu, S. ve Çeri, V. (2016). Posttraumatic stress and depression in Yazidi refugees. Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 12, 2941-2948.
  • Page-Gould, E., Mendoza-Denton, R. ve Tropp, L. R. (2008). With a little help from my cross-group friend: Reducing anxiety in intergroup contexts through cross-group friendship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1080-1094.
  • Paolini, S., Harwood, J. ve Rubin, M. (2010). Negative intergroup contact makes group memberships salient: Explaining why intergroup conflict endures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, 1723-1738.
  • Pascoe, E. A. ve Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta- analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 531-554.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Generalized intergroup contact effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 173-185.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. (2009). Secondary transfer effect of contact: Do intergroup contact effects spread to noncontacted outgroups?. Social Psychology, 40, 55-65.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. ve Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of personality and social psychology, 90, 751-783.
  • Pettigrew, T. F. ve Tropp, L. R. (2008). How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 922-934.
  • Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U. ve Christ, O. (2011). Recent advances in intergroup contact theory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 271-280.
  • Phinney, J. S. (1992). The multigroup ethnic identity measure: A new scale for use with diverse groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 7, 156-176.
  • Phinney, J. S., Ferguson, D. L. ve Tate, J. D. (1997). Intergroup attitudes among ethnic minority adolescents: A causal model. Child Development, 68, 955-969.
  • Phinney, J. S., Horenczyk, G., Liebkind, K. ve Vedder, P. (2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well‐being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 493-510.
  • Phinney, J. S. ve Ong, A. D. (2007). Conceptualization and measurement of ethnic identity: Current status and future directions. Journal of counseling Psychology, 54, 271-281.
  • Porter, M. ve Haslam, N. (2005). Predisplacement and postdisplacement factors associated with mental health of refugees and internally displaced persons: a meta-analysis. Jama, 294, 602-612.
  • Puhl, R. M. ve Brownell, K. D. (2003). Psychosocial origins of obesity stigma: toward changing a powerful and pervasive bias. Obesity Reviews, 4, 213-227.
  • Reesp, S. (2003). Refuge or retrauma? The impact of asylum seeker status on the wellbeing of East Timorese women asylum seekers residing in the Australian community. Australasian Psychiatry, 11, 96-101.
  • Reimer, N. K., Becker, J. C., Benz, A., Christ, O., Dhont, K., Klocke, U., ... ve Hewstone, M. (2017). Intergroup contact and social change: Implications of negative and positive contact for collective action in advantaged and disadvantaged groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43, 121-136.
  • Riek, B. M., Mania, E. W. ve Gaertner, S. L. (2006). Intergroup threat and outgroup attitudes: A metaanalytic review. Personality and social psychology review, 10, 336-353.
  • Russell, G., & Topham, P. (2012). The impact of social anxiety on student learning and well-being in higher education. Journal of Mental Health, 21, 375-385.
  • Ryan, D. A., Benson, C. A. ve Dooley, B. A. (2008). Psychological distress and the asylum process: A longitudinal study of forced migrants in Ireland. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 196, 37-45.
  • Saguy, T., Tausch, N., Dovidio, J. F. ve Pratto, F. (2009). The irony of harmony: Intergroup contact can produce false expectations for equality. Psychological Science, 20, 114-121.
  • Sarıteke, İ., Kahraman, Ö. F. ve Aydın, A. (2018). Türkiye’deki Suriyeli nüfusun hukuki statüsü ile ilgili bir analiz. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13, 383-396.
  • Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T. ve Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 921-948.
  • Schmitt, M. T., Spears, R. ve Branscombe, N. R. (2003). Constructing a minority group identity out of shared rejection: The case of international students. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1- 12.
  • Stephan, W. G., Diaz-Loving, R. ve Duran, A. (2000). Integrated threat theory and intercultural attitudes: Mexico and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31, 240-249.
  • Stephan, W. G. ve Renfro, C. L. (2002). The role of threat in intergrouprelations. D. M. Mackie & E. R. Smith (Eds.) içinde, From prejudice to intergroup emotions: Differentiated reactions to social groups (s.191–207). New York: Psychology Press
  • Stephan, W. G. ve Stephan, C. W. (1985). Intergroup anxiety. Journal of Social Issues, 41, 157-175.
  • Swart, H., Hewstone, M., Christ, O. ve Voci, A. (2011). Affective mediators of intergroup contact: A threewave longitudinal study in South Africa. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 1221- 1238.
  • Tajfel, H. ve Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. W. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.) içinde, The social psychology of intergroup relations (s. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
  • Tausch, N., Saguy, T. ve Bryson, J. (2015). How does intergroup contact affect social change? Its impact on collective action and individual mobility intentions among members of a disadvantaged group. Journal of Social Issues, 71, 536-553.
  • Tip, K. L., Brown, R., Morrice, L., Collyer, M. ve Easterbrook, M. J. (2019). Improving refugee well-being with better language skills and more intergroup contact. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10, 144-151.
  • Tropp, L. R., Hawi, D. R., Van Laar, C. ve Levin, S. (2012). Cross‐ethnic friendships, perceived discrimination, and their effects on ethnic activism over time: A longitudinal investigation of three ethnic minority groups. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51, 257-272.
  • Tropp, L. R., Hawi, D. R., O'Brien, T. C., Gheorghiu, M., Zetes, A. ve Butz, D. A. (2017). Intergroup contact and the potential for post-conflict reconciliation: Studies in Northern Ireland and South Africa. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23, 239-249.
  • Tropp, L. R., Mazziotta, A. ve Wright, S. C. (2016). Recent developments in intergroup contact research: Affective processes, group status, and contact valence. Cambridge handbook of the psychology of prejudice. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 463-481.
  • Tropp, L. R. ve Pettigrew, T. F. (2005). Relationships between intergroup contact and prejudice among minority and majority status groups. Psychological Science, 16, 951-957.
  • Tunç, A. Ş. (2015). Mülteci davranışı ve toplumsal etkileri: Türkiye’deki Suriyelilere ilişkin bir değerlendirme, Tesam Akademi Dergisi, 2, 29-63.
  • Turner, R. N., Crisp, R. J. ve Lambert, E. (2007). Imagining intergroup contact can improve intergroup attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 427-441.
  • Turner, R. N., Hewstone, M. ve Voci, A. (2007). Reducing explicit and implicit outgroup prejudice via direct and extended contact: The mediating role of self-disclosure and intergroup anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 369-388.
  • Ünal, S. (2014). Türkiye'nin Beklenmedik konukları: "Öteki" bağlamında yabancı göçmen ve mülteci deneyimi. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken/Journal of World of Turks, 6, 65-89.
  • Verkuyten, M. ve Lay, C. (1998). Ethnic minority identity and psychological well-being: The mediating role of collective self‐esteem. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1969-1986.
  • Verkuyten, M. ve Nekuee, S. (1999). Ingroup bias: the effect of self-stereotyping, identification and group threat. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 411-418.
  • Verkuyten, M., Thijs, J. ve Bekhuis, H. (2010). Intergroup contact and ingroup reappraisal: Examining the deprovincialization thesis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 73, 398-416.
  • Vezzali, L., Giovannini, D. ve Capozza, D. (2010). Longitudinal effects of contact on intergroup relations: The role of majority and minority group membership and intergroup emotions. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 20, 462-479.
  • Vezzali, L. ve Stathi, S. (2017). The extended contact hypothesis: State of the art and future developments. L. Vezzali & S. Stathi (Eds.) içinde, Intergroup contact theory:Recent developments and future directions (s. 114-130). Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Voci, A., Hadziosmanovic, E., Cakal, H., Veneziani, C. A. ve Hewstone, M. (2017). Impact of pre-war and post-war intergroup contact on intergroup relations and mental health: Evidence from a Bosnian sample. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 23, 250-259.
  • Woods, A. ve Kayali, N. (2017). Engaging Syrian communities: The role of local government in Istanbul. İstanbul: IPC.
  • Wright, S. C. ve Lubensky, M. E. (2009). Wright, S. C., & Lubensky, M. (2009). The struggle for social equality: Collective action vs. prejudice reduction. S. Demoulin, J. P. Leyens & J. F. Dovidio (Eds.) içinde, Intergroup misunderstandings: Impact of divergent social realities. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Yıldız, Ö. (2013). Türkiye kamplarinda Suriyeli sığınmacılar: Sorunlar, beklentiler, Türkiye ve gelecek algısı. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16, 140-169.
  • Yitmen, Ş. ve Verkuyten, M. (2018). Positive and negative behavioural intentions towards refugees in Turkey: The roles of national identification, threat, and humanitarian concern.Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology.
  • Zagefka, H. ve Brown, R. (2002). The relationship between acculturation strategies, relative fit and intergroup relations: immigrant-majority relations in Germany. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 171-188.
APA bagci s, Canpolat E (2019). Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. , 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
Chicago bagci sabahat,Canpolat Esra Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. (2019): 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
MLA bagci sabahat,Canpolat Esra Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. , 2019, ss.149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
AMA bagci s,Canpolat E Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. . 2019; 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
Vancouver bagci s,Canpolat E Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. . 2019; 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
IEEE bagci s,Canpolat E "Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler." , ss.149 - 169, 2019. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
ISNAD bagci, sabahat - Canpolat, Esra. "Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler". (2019), 149-169. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
APA bagci s, Canpolat E (2019). Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. Nesne Dergisi, 7(15), 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
Chicago bagci sabahat,Canpolat Esra Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. Nesne Dergisi 7, no.15 (2019): 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
MLA bagci sabahat,Canpolat Esra Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. Nesne Dergisi, vol.7, no.15, 2019, ss.149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
AMA bagci s,Canpolat E Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. Nesne Dergisi. 2019; 7(15): 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
Vancouver bagci s,Canpolat E Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler. Nesne Dergisi. 2019; 7(15): 149 - 169. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
IEEE bagci s,Canpolat E "Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler." Nesne Dergisi, 7, ss.149 - 169, 2019. 10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
ISNAD bagci, sabahat - Canpolat, Esra. "Suriyeli Sığınmacılarda Türklerle Temas ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Aracı Değişkenler". Nesne Dergisi 7/15 (2019), 149-169. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-07-15-01
Sayfa Oluşturulma Tarihi
17-04-2024 17:26

İLETİŞİM

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Dizin

Yüzüncüyıl, İşçi Blokları Mahallesi

Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu Caddesi No:51/C

06530 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 298 92 00

trdizin@tubitak.gov.tr

TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Ulusal Akademik Ağ ve Bilgi Merkezi Cahit Arf Bilgi Merkezi © Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik Politikası Kullanım Şartları