Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 53 Sayfa Aralığı: 228 - 265 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.21764/maeuefd.646852 İndeks Tarihi: 16-03-2021

ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Öz:
Bu çalışmada, erken çocukluk döneminde çocuğuolan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının medya kullanımındakiaracılıklarını belirlemeye yönelik geçerli-güvenilir birölçek geliştirme amaçlanmıştır. Ebeveyn Medya AracılıkÖlçeği (EÇEMAÖ) geliştirme sürecinde, kuramsal önhazırlıklar sonrasında, ilgili alanyazın incelenerekhazırlanan taslak maddeler beş uzmanın görüşleri veküçük bir grup üzerinde yapılan uygulama dikkatealınarak gözden geçirilmiş ve düzenlenmiş, 58 maddedenoluşan deneme formu oluşturulmuştur. Ölçek maddeleri,1-5 arası puanlanacak şekilde beşli Likert tipiölçeklenmiştir. Deneme uygulamasında 855 ebeveyneulaşılmıştır. Sistematik yanıt örüntüleri, kayıp veriler veuçdeğerlere yönelik incelemeler sonrasında 184 (%21.5)gözlem, veri setinden çıkarılmış, ileri analizler 671ebeveynin verileriyle yürütülmüştür. TBA sonucunda altıfaktörlü 43 maddeden oluşan bir yapı tanımlanmıştır.DFA sonuçları yüksek düzeyde model-veri uyumusağlayan bir yapı tanımlanabildiğini göstermektedir(χ2/sd= 2.23, RMSEA=0.043, RMR=0.044, CFI=0.98,NNFI= 0.98, NFI =0.97, AGFI= 0.87, GFI=0.89,RFI=0.96). Cronbach alfa katsayıları, bileşenler içinsırasıyla .92, .86, .61, .83, .84, .59 ve ölçek genelinde .91olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışmalarıkapsamında, geliştirilen ölçeğin bileşen toplam puanlarıkullanılarak iki-aşamalı kümeleme analiziyle (clusteranalysis) örneklemin EÇEMAÖ toplam puanlarına göresınıflanma biçimi incelenmiş ve bu sınıflanmaya görekabul edilebilir kesme puanları belirlenmiştir. Belirlenenkesme puan aralıklarına göre ebeveynlerin aktifkısıtlayıcı rol düzeyleri tanımlanmıştır. Bulgularsonucunda ölçeğin geçerli-güvenilir bir araç olarakkullanımının uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY CHILDHOOD PARENTAL MEDIA MEDIATION SCALE

Öz:
The purpose of the study is to develop a valid and reliable scale to determine the mediation styles of parents‟ for the media use of their children in early childhood period. In the preliminary study, existed parental mediation scales were examined and for the current study item pool was generated. These items were prepared analysis after the opinions experts and pilot application. Necessary arrangements were made in the items and Early Childhood Parental Media Mediation Scale (ECPMMS) draft form was prepared as 58 items. These items were scored on a 5- point Likert scale and scored between 1-5. The study was conducted with the participation of 855 parents. In order to determine the construct validity of the scale, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale. Prior to the analysis, for loses in the data set systematic response patterns and possible multivariate extreme values were examined. Based on these examinations, 184 (21.5%) observations were excluded from the data set and further analyzes were conducted with 671 parents' data. After PCA six factor and 43 items structure was obtained. The goodness of fit index values of the model indicate that the structure provides high level of model-data fit (χ2 / sd = 2.23, RMSEA = 0.043, RMR = 0.044, CFI = 0.98, NNFI= 0.98, NFI = 0.97,AGFI= 0.87, GFI = 0.89, RFI = 0.96 ). The reliability levels of the obtained structure were calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (the factors were calculated respectively as .92, .86, .61, .83, .84, .59 and .91 for whole the scale). In the light of validity-reliability studies, the components‟s total scores were analyzed using cluster analysis based on ECPMMS total scores and acceptable cut-off score were determined. Activerestrictive role of parents were defined according to cut-off intervals. As a result of the findings, it was determined that the scale was suitable for use as a valid and reliable instrument.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akçay, D., & Emiroğlu, O. N. (2019). The effect of motivational interviewing with mothers on media interaction and aggression behaviours of preschool-aged children. Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 1-16.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2015). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). USA: American Psychiatric Pub.
  • Arrizabalaga-Crespo, C. (2010). Internet uses and parental mediation in adolescents with ADHD. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 65, 561-571.
  • Austin, E. W. (1993). Exploring the effects of active parental mediation of television content. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 37(2), 147-158.
  • Bağlı, M. T. (2002). Okulöncesi çocukların ve ailelerinin televizyon ilintili etkileşimleri. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Barkin, S., Ip, E., Richardson, I., Klinepeter, S., Finch, S., & Krcmar, M. (2006). Parental media mediation styles for children aged 2 to 11 years. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 160(4), 395-401.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2017). Online Risks and Parental Mediation Strategies Comparison of Turkish Children/Adolescents Who Live In Turkey and Europe. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 42(190), 25-37.
  • Beyens, I., & Beullens, K. (2017). Parent–child conflict about children‟s tablet use: The role of parental mediation. New Media & Society, 19(12), 2075-2093.
  • Brito, R., Francisco, R., Dias, P., & Chaudron, S. (2017). Family dynamics in digital homes: The role played by parental mediation in young children‟s digital practices around 14 European countries. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39(4), 271-280.
  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York: Guilford Press. Buijzen, M., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2005). Parental mediation of undesired advertising effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 49(2), 153-165.
  • Büyüköztürk,Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (20. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Yayınları.
  • Bybee, C. R., Robinson, D., & Turow, J. (1982). Determinants of parental guidance of children's television viewing for a special subgroup: Mass media scholars. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 26(3), 697-710.
  • Chiong, C., & Shuler, C. (2010). Learning: is there an app for that. In Investigations of young children’s usage and learning with mobile devices and apps. New York: The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.
  • Clark, L. S. (2011). Parental mediation theory for the digital age. Communication theory, 21(4), 323-343.
  • Collier, K. M., Coyne, S. M., Rasmussen, E. E., Hawkins, A. J., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Erickson, S. E., & Memmott-Elison, M. K. (2016). Does parental mediation of media influence child outcomes? A meta-analysis on media time, aggression, substance use, and sexual behavior. Developmental Psychology, 52(5), 798.
  • Connell, S. L., Lauricella, A. R., & Wartella, E. (2015). Parental co-use of media technology with their young children in the USA. Journal of Children and Media, 9(1), 5-21.
  • Cox, R, Skouteris, H, Rutherford, L, FullerTyszkiewicz, M, Dell‟Aquila D, Hardy LL. (2012). Television viewing, television content, food intake, physical activity and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of preschool children aged 2-6 years. Health Promot J Austr, 23(1),58–62.
  • Çetinkaya, L., & Sütçü, S. (2016). Çocukların gözüyle ebeveynlerinin bilişim teknolojileri kullanımlarına yönelik kısıtlamaları ve nedenleri. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 7(1), 79-116.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu G., & Büyüköztürk Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Ölçek geliştirme: kuram ve uygulamalar. (T. Totan, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık (2012).
  • Eastin, M. S., Greenberg, B. S., & Hofschire, L. (2006). Parenting the internet. Journal of Communication, 56, 486–504. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00297.x
  • Enagandula, R., Singh, S., Adgaonkar, G. W., Subramanyam, A. A., & Kamath, R. M. (2018). Study of internet addiction in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and normal control. Industrial Psychiatry journal, 27(1), 110.
  • Ergin, D. A., & Kapçı, E. G. (2019). İnternette Ana-Baba Aracılığı Ölçeği ergen ve anababa formlarının Türk örnekleminde geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Psychology, 10(2), 117- 132.
  • Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education. New York: McGraw Hall.
  • Garrison, M. M., Liekweg, K., & Christakis, D. A. (2011). Media use and child sleep: the impact of content, timing, and environment. Pediatrics, 128(1), 29-35.
  • Gentile, D. A., Bender, P. K., & Anderson, C. A. (2017). Violent video game effects on salivary cortisol, arousal, and aggressive thoughts in children. Computers in Human Behavior, 70(2017), 39-43.
  • Gentile, D. A., Nathanson, A. I., Rasmussen, E. E., Reimer, R. A., & Walsh, D. A. (2012). Do you see what I see? Parent and child reports of parental monitoring of media. Family Relations, 61(3), 470-487.
  • Gong, Z., & Levy, B. A. (2009). Four year old children‟s acquisition of print knowledge during electronic storybook reading. Reading and Writing, 22(8), 889-905.
  • Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., & Kaufman, J. (2015). Putting education in “educational” apps: Lessons from the science of learning. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(1), 3-34.
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, GJ, & Minkov, M.(2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Howell, D. C. (2013). Statistical methods for psychology. USA: Wadsworth.
  • Hsieh, Y. P., Wei, H. S., Hwa, H. L., Shen, A. C. T., Feng, J. Y., & Huang, C. Y. (2019). The effects of peer victimization on children‟s Internet addiction and psychological distress: The moderating roles of emotional and social intelligence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(9), 2487-2498.
  • Hwang, Y., Choi, I., Yum, J. Y., & Jeong, S. H. (2017). Parental mediation regarding children's smartphone use: Role of protection motivation and parenting style. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20(6), 362-368.
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Lincolnwood: Scientific Software International.
  • Kenney, E. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2017). United States adolescents' television, computer, videogame, smartphone, and tablet use: associations with sugary drinks, sleep, physical activity, and obesity. The Journal of Pediatrics, 182, 144-149.
  • Kirkorian, H. L., Wartella, E. A., & Anderson, D. R. (2008). Media and young children's learning. The Future of Children, 18(1), 39-61.
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practise of structural equation modeling. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Kucirkova, N., Messer, D., Sheehy, K., & Panadero, C. F. (2014). Children's engagement with educational iPad apps: Insights from a Spanish classroom. Computers & Education, 71, 175-184.
  • Lee, E. J., & Kim, H. S. (2018). Gender differences in smartphone addiction behaviors associated with parent–child bonding, parent–child communication, and parental mediation among Korean elementary school students. Journal of addictions nursing, 29(4), 244-254.
  • Lee, S. J. (2012). Parental restrictive mediation of children‟s internet use: Effective for what and for whom?. New Media & Society, 15(4), 466-481.
  • Livingstone, S. (2007). Strategies of parental regulation in the media-rich home. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(2), 920–941. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.002
  • Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. (2008). Parental mediation and children‟s internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599.
  • Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., GPrzig, A., & Elafsson, K. (2011). Technical report and user guide: The 2010 EU Kids Online Survey. London, England: EU Kids Online.
  • Marshall, S. J., Biddle, S. J., Gorely, T., Cameron, N., & Murdey, I. (2004). Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity, 28(10), 1238.
  • Mendoza, J. A., Zimmerman, F. J., & Christakis, D. A. (2007). Television viewing, computer use, obesity, and adiposity in US preschool children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 4(1), 44.
  • Mertens, S., & d‟Haenens, L. (2014). Parental mediation of internet use and cultural values across Europe: Investigating the predictive power of the Hofstedian paradigm. Communications: the European Journal of Communication Research, 39(4), 389-414.
  • NAEYC. (2012). Technology in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. Retrieved from: http://www.naeyc.org/positionstatements/technology
  • Nathanson, A. I. (1999). Identifying and explaining the relationship between parental mediation and children's aggression. Communication Research, 26(2), 124-143.
  • Nathanson, A. I. (2001). Parent and child perspectives on the presence and meaning of parental television mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 45(2), 201-220.
  • Nathanson, A. I., & Botta, R. A. (2003). Shaping the effects of television on adolescents' body image disturbance: The role of parental mediation. Communication Research, 30(3), 304-331.
  • Nevski, E., & Siibak, A. (2016). The role of parents and parental mediation on 0–3-year olds‟ digital play with smart devices: Estonian parents‟ attitudes and practices. Early years, 36(3), 227-241.
  • Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2003). Parental mediation of children's video game playing: A similar construct as television mediation. In DiGRA Conference. The Netherlands.
  • Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2006). Parental mediation of children‟s videogame playing: A comparison of the reports by parents and children. Learning, Media and Technology, 31(2), 181-202.
  • Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2014). Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children's internet use. Learning, Media and technology, 39(2), 250-266.
  • Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child And Family Studies, 24(11), 3423-3435.
  • Nimrod, G., Elias, N., & Lemish, D. (2019). Measuring mediation of children‟s media use. International Journal of Communication, 13 (2019), 342–358.
  • Özsoy, D., & Atılgan, S. S. (2018). Kuzeydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi‟ndeki 0-8 yaş grubu çocukların internet kullanımı ve bu kapsamda ebeveyn arabuluculuğu: nitel bir araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 11(2), 96-125.
  • Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS kullanma kılavuzu: SPSS ile adım adım veri analizi (S. Balcı ve B. Ahi, Çev.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık (2002).
  • Piotrowski, J. T. (2017). The parental media mediation context of young children‟s media use. In Media exposure during infancy and early childhood (pp. 205-219). Cham, Switzerland :Springer.
  • Rasmussen, E. C., White, S. R., King, A. J., Holiday, S., & Densley, R. L. (2016). Predicting Parental Mediation Behaviors: The Direct and Indirect Influence of Parents' Critical Thinking about Media and Attitudes about Parent-Child Interactions. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 8(2), 1-21.
  • Rodríguez-de-Dios, I., van Oosten, J. M., & Igartua, J. J. (2018). A study of the relationship between parental mediation and adolescents‟ digital skills, online risks and online opportunities. Computers in Human Behavior, 82(2018), 186-198.
  • Rojo-Mota, G., Pedrero-Pérez, E. J., Huertas-Hoyas, E., Merritt, B., & MacKenzie, D. (2017). Allen Cognitive Level Screen for the classification of subjects treated for addiction. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy, 24(4), 290-298.
  • Roseberry, S., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Parish-Morris, J., & Golinkoff, R. M. (2009). Live action: Can young children learn verbs from video?. Child development, 80(5), 1360-1375.
  • Rosen, L. D., Lim, A. F., Felt, J., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., Lara-Ruiz, J. M., ... & Rokkum, J. (2014). Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children, preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and eating habits. Computers in Human behavior, 35, 364-375.
  • Scantlin, R. (2008). Media use across childhood: access, time, and content. S. L. Calvert & B. J. Wilson (Eds.). The handbook of children, media, and development. UK: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Shin, W., & Li, B. (2017). Parental mediation of children‟s digital technology use in Singapore. Journal of Children and Media, 11(1), 1-19.
  • Shin, W., Huh, J., & Faber, R. J. (2012). Tweens' online privacy risks and the role of parental mediation. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 56(4), 632-649.
  • Simons, M., Meeus W. ve T‟Sas, J. (2017). Journal of Media Literacy Education, 9(1), 99 -115.
  • Sonck, N., Nikken, P., & de Haan, J. (2013). Determinants of Internet mediation: A comparison of the reports by Dutch parents and children. Journal of Children and Media, 7(1), 96-113.
  • Sümer N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6),49-74.
  • Swing, E. L., & Anderson, C. A. (2014). The role of attention problems and impulsiveness in media violence effects on aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 40(3), 197-203.
  • Symons, K., Ponnet, K., Emmery, K., Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2017). A factorial validation of parental mediation strategies with regard to internet use. Psychologica Belgica, 57(2), 93-111.
  • Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2015). Using mulivariate statistics. (M. Baloğlu, Çev.). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Ülken, F. B. (2011). Televizyon izlemede anne-baba aracılığı ile çocukların saldırgan davranışları arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 195-216.
  • Ülken, F. B., & Kılınç, F. (2018). Çocukların Çevrimiçi Ortamda Karşılaştıkları Risk Türleri İle Aracılık Uygulamaları Arasındaki İlişki. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(1), 124-145.
  • Valcke, M., Bonte, S., De Wever, B., & Rots, I. (2010). Internet parenting styles and the impact on Internet use of primary school children. Computers & Education, 55(2), 454-464.
  • Valkenburg, P. M., Krcmar, M., Peeters, A. L., & Marseille, N. M. (1999). Developing a scale to assess three styles of television mediation:“Instructive mediation,” “restrictive mediation,” and “social coviewing”. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 43(1), 52-66.
  • Valkenburg, P. M., Piotrowski, J. T., Hermanns, J., & De Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39(4), 445-469.
  • Van der Voort, T. H., Nikken, P., & Van Lil, J. E. (1992). Replication: Determinants of parental guidance of children's television viewing: A Dutch replication study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36(1), 61-74.
  • Van Petegem, S., de Ferrerre, E., Soenens, B., van Rooij, A. J., & Van Looy, J. (2019). Parents‟ Degree and Style of Restrictive Mediation of Young Children‟s Digital Gaming: Associations with Parental Attitudes and Perceived Child Adjustment. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(5), 1379-1391.
  • Warren, R. (2001). In words and deeds: Parental involvement and mediation of children‟s television viewing. Journal of Family Communication, 1(4), 211-231.
  • Warren, R., & Aloia, L. (2019). Parenting Style, Parental Stress, and Mediation of Children‟s Media Use. Western Journal of Communication, 83(4),1-18.
  • Wong, K. M., & Neuman, S. B. (2019). Learning vocabulary on screen: A content analysis of pedagogical supports in educational media programs for dual-language learners. Bilingual Research Journal, 42(1), 54-72.
  • Yadav, S., & Chakraborty, P. (2017). Children aged two to four are able to scribble and draw using a smartphone app. Acta Paediatrica, 106(6), 991-994.
  • Yaman, (2019). Çocukların bakış açısıyla internet kullanımlarına ilişkin ebeveyn arabuluculuğunun incelenmesi. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Yengil, E., Güner, P. D., & Topakkaya, Ö. K. (2019). Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda ve Ebeveynlerinde Teknolojik Cihaz Kullanımı. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, 10(36), 14-19.
APA Şen M, Demir E, TEKE N, Yilmaz A (2020). ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. , 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
Chicago Şen Müge,Demir Ergul,TEKE Nergiz,Yilmaz Arif ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. (2020): 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
MLA Şen Müge,Demir Ergul,TEKE Nergiz,Yilmaz Arif ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. , 2020, ss.228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
AMA Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. . 2020; 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
Vancouver Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. . 2020; 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
IEEE Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A "ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI." , ss.228 - 265, 2020. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
ISNAD Şen, Müge vd. "ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI". (2020), 228-265. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.646852
APA Şen M, Demir E, TEKE N, Yilmaz A (2020). ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(53), 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
Chicago Şen Müge,Demir Ergul,TEKE Nergiz,Yilmaz Arif ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 1, no.53 (2020): 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
MLA Şen Müge,Demir Ergul,TEKE Nergiz,Yilmaz Arif ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.1, no.53, 2020, ss.228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
AMA Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; 1(53): 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
Vancouver Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020; 1(53): 228 - 265. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
IEEE Şen M,Demir E,TEKE N,Yilmaz A "ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI." Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, ss.228 - 265, 2020. 10.21764/maeuefd.646852
ISNAD Şen, Müge vd. "ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI". Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 1/53 (2020), 228-265. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.646852