INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 1585 - 1601 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 06-05-2021

INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES

Öz:
This study sought to explore the interaction between academic resilience and academicachievement as measured by Grade Point Average (GPA). To this end, the Academic ResilienceScale (Cassidy, 2016) consisting of 30 items and scored on a 5-point Likert scale wasadministered. The overall reliability of the scale was .79 and the reliability coefficients for thethree sub-scales were above .70. Student GPAs (M= 2.50, SD= .51) were procured by a selfreport item. The sample of the study consisted of 198 preservice English language teachers ata foundation university in Turkey. Descriptive results showed that participants scored higheston reflecting and adaptive help-seeking (M= 3.77, SD= .58). It was followed by perseverance(M= 3.44, SD= .41) and negative affect and emotional response (M= 2.90, SD= .69)dimensions. Moreover, positive correlations were revealed between GPA and perseverance (r=.20, p <.05) and reflecting and adaptive help-seeking (r= .37, p<.01). The results of the multipleregression analysis manifested reflecting and adaptive help-seeking to be the only significantpredictor of GPA.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Abolmaali, K., & Mahmudi, R. (2013). The prediction of academic achievement based on resilience and perception of the classroom environment. Open Science Journal of Education, 1(1), 7-12.
  • Abukari, Z. (2018). “Not giving up”: Ghanaian students’ perspectives on resilience, risk, and academic achievement. SAGE Open, 8(4), 215824401882037. doi: 10.1177/2158244018820378
  • Allan, J. F., Mckenna, J., & Dominey, S. (2013). Degrees of resilience: profiling psychological resilience and prospective academic achievement in university inductees. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 42(1), 9–25. doi: 10.1080/03069885.2013.793784
  • Annalakshmi, N. (2019). Resilience and academic achievement among rural adolescents atrisk: Role of self-regulation and attachment style. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 260–266.
  • Ayala, J. C., & Manzano, G. (2018). Academic performance of first-year university students: the influence of resilience and engagement. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(7), 1321–1335. doi: 10.1080/07294360.2018.1502258
  • Aydın, B. G. (2017). Explaining the factors associated with the likelihood of academic resilience in science and mathematics literacies in PISA 2012 (Master's thesis, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/handle/11693/33373.
  • Baltacı, H. Ş., & Karataş, Z. (2015). Perceived social support, depression, and life satisfaction as the predictor of the resilience of secondary school students: the case of Burdur. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 15(60), 111–130. doi: 10.14689/ejer.2015.60.7
  • Bartley, M., Schoon, I., Mitchell, R., & Blane, D. (2010). Resilience as an asset for healthy development. In A. Morgan, E. Ziglio & M. Davies (Eds.), Health assets in a global context: Theory, methods, action: Investing in assets of individuals, communities and organizations (pp. 101-116). New York: Springer
  • Beatty, A. S., Walmsley, P. T., Sackett, P. R., Kuncel, N. R., & Koch, A. J. (2015). The reliability of college grades. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 34(4), 31- 40. doi: 10.1111/emip.12096
  • Britton, J. A. (2018). Resilience and academic achievement in minority students (Doctoral dissertation, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA). Retrieved from https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/etd/1009.
  • Buslig, S. M. C. A. (2019). The academic resilience of college students in Kalinga. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 9(6). doi: 10.30845/ijhss.v9n6p7 Cassidy, S. (2015). Resilience building in students: the role of academic self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(1781), 1-14. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01781
  • Cassidy, S. (2016). The Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30): A new multidimensional construct measure. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1787. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01787
  • Cheng, V., & Catling, J. C. (2015). The role of resilience, delayed gratification and stress in predicting academic performance. Psychology Teaching Review, 21(1), 13–24.
  • Chisholm-Burns, M. A., Spivey, C. A., Sherwin, E., Williams, J., & Phelps, S. (2019). Development of an instrument to measure academic resilience among pharmacy students. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 83(6), 6896. doi: 10.5688/ajpe6896
  • Çelik, E. (2013). Lise son sınıf öğrencilerinin yılmazlık özelliklerinin duygusal dışavurum açısından incelenmesi [An Investigation of Resilience Characteristics of Senior High School Students Through Emotional Expression]. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(2), 221-236.
  • Toprak Çelen, E. (2020). A structural equation model on efl tertiary level students' academic buoyancy, academic resilience, reconceptualized L2 motivational self system, and their academic achievement (Master's thesis, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstream/handle/11693/53655/10337118.pdf?sequence=1
  • Çokluk, Ö., Gül, E., & Kayri, M. (2016). Comparison of students with high academic achievement from different socio-economic backgrounds in Turkey. The Anthropologist, 24(2), 486–496. doi: 10.1080/09720073.2016.11892042
  • Danner, R. B. (2014). Student teachers’ perceptions of sources of teaching practice-related anxieties. Journal of Teaching and Teacher Education, 2(1), 47–59. doi: 10.12785/jtte/020104
  • Durksen, T. L., & Klassen, R. M. (2012). Pre-service teachers' weekly commitment and engagement during a final training placement: A longitudinal mixed methods study. Educational and Child Psychology, 29(4), 32–46.
  • Elizondo-Omaña, R. E., García-Rodriguez, M. D. L. A., & Guzman López, S.(2007). Resilience in medical students. The FASEB Journal, 21(5), A214-b.
  • Elizondo-Omaña, R. E., García-Rodríguez, M. D. L. A., Hinojosa-Amaya, J. M., VillarrealSilva, E. E., Avilan, R. I. G., Cruz, J. J. B., & Guzmán-López, S. (2010). Resilience does not predict academic performance in gross anatomy. Anatomical Sciences Education, 3(4), 168–173. doi: 10.1002/ase.158
  • Erdogan, E., Ozdogan, O., & Erdogan, M. (2015). University students’ resilience level: the effect of gender and faculty. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 1262–1267. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.047
  • Fallon, C. M. (2010). School Factors that Promote Academic Resilience in Urban Latino High School Students (Doctoral Dissertation, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, USA). Retrieved from https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_diss/122/.
  • Finn, J. D., & Rock, D. A. (1997). Academic success among students at risk for school failure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(2), 221–234. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.82.2.221
  • Foshee, C. M. (2013). Conditions that promote the academic performance of college students in a remedial mathematics course: academic competence, academic resilience, and the learning environment (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA). Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1420356017.
  • Franco Taboada, V. (2015). La medición del estrés en contextos académicos en estudiantes universitarios (Doctoral dissertation, Universidad de A Coruña, Coruña, Spain). Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61916735.pdf
  • Gizir, C. A., & Aydin, G. (2009). Protective factors contributing to the academic resilience of students living in poverty in Turkey. Professional School Counseling, 13(1), 38-49. doi: 10.1177/2156759x0901300103
  • Glennie, E. J. (2010). Coping and resilience. In J. A. Rosen, E. J. Glennie, B. W. Dalton, J. M. Lennon, & R. N. Bozick (Eds.). Noncognitive skills in the classroom: New perspectives on educational research (pp. 169–194). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International.
  • Gross, I. M. (2011). Predictors of academic achievement and failure among low-income urban african american adolescents: an ecological perspective. (Master's thesis, Loyola University Chicago, USA). Retrieved from http://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/498.
  • Higher Education Council (n.d.). Yükseköğretim bilgi yönetim sistemi. Retrieved from https://istatistik.yok.gov.tr/.
  • Hirani, S., Lasiuk, G., &; Hegadoren, K. (2016). The intersection of gender and resilience. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23(6-7), 455-467. doi:10.1111/jpm.12313
  • Hernández, A. L., Escobar, S. G., Fuentes, N. I. G. A. L., & Eguiarte, B. E. B. (2019). Stress, self-efficacy, academic achievement, and resilience in emerging adults. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 17(47), 129-148.
  • Howard, S., & Johnson, B. (2000). What Makes the Difference? Children and teachers talk about resilient outcomes for children at risk. Educational Studies, 26(3), 321–337. doi: 10.1080/03055690050137132
  • Hulin, C., Netemeyer, R., and Cudeck, R. (2001). Can a reliability coefficient be too high? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10(1), 55-58.
  • Karabenick, S. A., & Knapp, J. R. (1991). Relationship of academic help seeking to the use of learning strategies and other instrumental achievement behavior in college students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(2), 221–230. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022‐ 0663.83.2.221
  • Karahan, T. F., Sardoğan, M. E., Özkamalı, E. & Dicle, A. N. (2005). Üniversite 1. sınıf öğrencilerinin üniversiteye uyum düzeylerinin sosyokültürel etkinlikler açısından incelenmesi [An investigation on academic, social, and individual adjustment to university]. Çukurova Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(30), 63-72.
  • Kotzé, M., & Kleynhans, R. (2013) Psychological well-being and resilience as predictors of first-year students' academic performance. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 23(1), 51-59, DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2013.10820593
  • Kumi-Yeboah, A. (2016). Educational resilience and academic achievement of immigrant students from Ghana in an urban school environment. Urban Education, 55(5), 753–782. doi: 10.1177/0042085916660347
  • Kutlu, Ö., Kula-Kartal, S., & Şimşek, N. T. (2017). Identifying the relationships between perseverance, openness to problem solving, and academic success in PISA 2012 Turkey. Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 7(1), 263-274.
  • Kwek, A., Bui, H. T., Rynne, J., & So, K. K. F. (2013). the impacts of self-esteem and resilience on academic performance: an investigation of domestic and international hospitality and tourism undergraduate students. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(3), 110– 122. doi: 10.1080/10963758.2013.826946
  • Lee, D. D. (2009). Impact of resilience on the academic achievement of at-risk students in the upward bound program in Georgia (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University, Georgia, USA). Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/202.
  • Lew, M. D., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Self-reflection and academic performance: Is there a relationship? Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16(4), 529-545. doi:10.1007/s10459-011-9298-z
  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). the construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71(3), 543–562. doi: 10.1111/1467- 8624.00164
  • Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2006). Academic resilience and its psychological and educational correlates: A construct validity approach. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 267- 282. DOI: 10.1002/pits.20149.
  • Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2008). Academic buoyancy: Towards an understanding of students everyday academic resilience. Journal of School Psychology, 46(1), 53–83. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2007.01.002
  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227–238. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.227
  • Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 425–444. doi: 10.1017/s0954579400005812
  • Mbindyo, M. N. (2011). Relationship between academic resilience and college success: crossnational experiences of low-income/first-generation students (Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA). Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/12140.
  • McLafferty M., Mallet J., & McCauley V. (2012). Coping at university: the role of resilience, emotional intelligence, age and gender. Journal of Quantitative Psychological Research, 1, 1–6.
  • Montero-Hernandez, V., Levin, J., & Diaz-Castillo, M. (2014). academic resilience and achievement. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 13(4), 334–358. Doi: 10.1177/1538192714546748
  • Morgan, G.A., Leech, N.L., Gloeckner, G.W., & Barrett, K.C. (2011). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation (4th ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Mwangi, C. N., & Ireri, A. M. (2017). Gender differences in academic resilience and academic achievement among secondary school students in Kiambu County, Kenya. Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal, 5(5). doi: 10.19080/pbsij.2017.05.555673
  • Mwangi, C. N., Ireri, A. M., Mwaniki, E. W., & Wambugu, S. K. (2018). Relationship among type of school, academic resilience and academic achievement among secondary school students in Kiambu County, Kenya. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences, 3(3), 1092–1107. doi: 10.20319/pijss.2018.33.10921107
  • Mwangi, C. N., Okatcha, F. M., Kinal, T. K., & Ireri, A. M. (2015). Relationship between academic resilience and academic achievement among secondary school students in
  • Kiambu County, Kenya. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology, 2(3). doi: 10.4172/2469-9837.s2-003
  • Novotný, J. S., & Křeménková, L. (2016). The relationship between resilience and academic performance at youth placed at risk. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 60(6), 553- 566.
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey (2017). Ufuk Üniversitesi önlisans ve lisans eğitimöğretim ve sinav yönetmeliği [Ufuk University associate and undergraduate education and exam regulation] (by Ufuk University), 30151, 11th August. Retrieved from https://kms.kaysis.gov.tr/Home/Goster/129474.
  • Öz, G. (2019). The relationship between preparatory school students’ academic resilience and English language achievement (Master’s Thesis, Çağ University, Mersin, Turkey). Retrieved from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
  • Özcan, B. (2005). Anne-babaları boşanmış ve anne-babaları birlikte olan lise öğrencilerinin yılmazlık özellikleri ve koruyucu faktörler açısından karşılaştırılması (Master’s Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey). Retrieved from https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
  • Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Strengths of character in schools. In R. Gilman, E. S. Huebner, & M. J. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (pp. 65–76). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Peer, J. W., Hillman, S. B., & Hoet, E. V. (2015). The effects of stress on the lives of emerging adult college students: an exploratory analysis. Adultspan Journal, 14(2), 90–99. doi: 10.1002/adsp.12007
  • Perez-Brena, N. J., Sang, S., Kuo, S. I.-C., Jesús, S. A. R. D., Updegraff, K. A., Umaña-Taylor, A. J., & Mchale, S. M. (2018). Patterns of academic risk and resilience: post–high school educational pathways in the context of the 2007 economic recession. Journal of Adolescent Research, 34(4), 351–380. doi: 10.1177/0743558418810842
  • Rao, P. S., & Krishnamurthy, A. (2018). Impact of academic resilience on the scholastic performance of high school students. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 5(4), 453-462. doi: 10.30877/ijmh.5.4.2018.453-462
  • Riley, J. R., & Masten, A. S. (2005). Resilience in context: Linking context to practice and policy. In R. D. Peters, B. Leadbeater, & R. J. McMahon (Eds.), Resilience in children, families, and communities: Linking context to practice and policy (pp. 13-25). Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
  • Rodgers, C. (2002). Defining reflection: Another look at John Dewey and reflective thinking. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 842-866.
  • Rodríguez-Fernández, A., Ramos-Díaz, E., & Axpe, I. (2018). The role of resilience and psychological well-being in school engagement and perceived academic performance: An exploratory model to improve academic achievement. In B. Bernal-Morales (Ed.), Health and Academic Achievement (pp. 159-176). London: IntechOpen. doi:10.5772/intechopen.68719
  • Ryan, A. M., Patrick, H., & Shim, S. O. (2005). Differential profiles of students identified by their teacher as having avoidant, appropriate, or dependent help‐seeking tendencies in the classroom. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(2), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022‐0663.97.2.275
  • Sadoughi, M. (2018). The relationship between academic self-efficacy, academic resilience, academic adjustment, and academic performance among medical students. Journal of Education Strategies in Medical Sciences, 11(2), 7-13. doi: 10.29252/edcbmj.11.02.02
  • Sarwar, M., Inamullah, H., Khan, N., & Anwar, N. (2010). Resilience and academic achievement of male and female secondary level students in Pakistan. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 7(8). doi: 10.19030/tlc.v7i8.140
  • Schenke, K., Lam, A. C., Conley, A. M., & Karabenick, S. A. (2015). Adolescents' help seeking in mathematics classrooms: Relations between achievement and perceived classroom environmental influences over one school year. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 41, 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.01.003
  • Seban, D., & Perdeci, B. (2016). Alt sosyoekonomik düzey bir ailede yetişen çocukların akademik başarıları ile yılmazlıkları arasındaki ilişki: bir vaka incelenmesi [The relationship between academic achievement and resilience of children raised in a low socio-economic level family: a case study]. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi - Journal of Qualitative Research in Education, 4(3), 106-126. Doi: 10.14689/issn.2148- 2624.1.4c3s6m
  • Shim, S. S., Rubenstein, L. D., & Drapeau, C. W. (2016). When perfectionism is coupled with low achievement: The effects on academic engagement and help seeking in middle school. Learning and Individual Differences, 45, 237–244. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.12.016
  • Şimşek, H. (2013). Dropout tendency among high school students and its reasons. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2), 27-47.
  • Smejkalová, N. (2018). The effects of perceived stress and resilience on academic performance. (Bachelor of Arts Thesis, SUNY Empire State College, New York, USA). Retrieved from: https://elearning.unyp.cz/pluginfile.php/58141/mod_data/content/3327/Smejkalova_Nik ola_513281_Bachelor%20Thesis.pdf
  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194–200. doi: 10.1080/10705500802222972
  • Solomon, O. (2013). Exploring the relationship between resilience, perceived stress and academic achievement (Undergraduate project, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK). Retrieved from: https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/576570/.
  • Strayhorn, T. L. (2014). What role does grit play in the academic success of black male collegians at predominantly white institutions? Journal of African American Studies, 18(1), 1-10.
  • Sun, J., & Stewart, D. (2007). Age and gender effects on resilience in children and adolescents. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 9(4), 16–25. doi: 10.1080/14623730.2007.9721845
  • Tinto, V. (1996). Reconstructing the first year of college. Planning for Higher Education, 25, 1-6.
  • Trigueros, R., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Cangas, A. J., Bermejo, R., Ferrandiz, C., & López-Liria, R. (2019). Influence of emotional intelligence, motivation and resilience on academic performance and the adoption of healthy lifestyle habits among adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2810. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16162810
  • Ulker Tumlu, G. (2013). The investigation of turkish pre-service teachers resilience levels in terms of certain variables. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 2053–2057. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.164
  • Wasonga, T. (2002). Gender effects on perceptions of external assets, development of resilience and academic achievement: Perpetuation theory approach. Gender Issues, 20(4), 43–54. doi: 10.1007/s12147-002-0022-4
  • Waxman, H. C., Gray, J. P., and Padron, Y. N. (2003). Review of Research on Educational Resilience: Research Report. Washington, DC: Institute of Education Sciences.
  • Yavuz, H. Ç., & Kutlu, Ö. (2016). Investigation of the factors affecting the academic resilience of economically disadvantaged high school students. Ted Eğitim ve Bilim, 41(186), 1-19. doi: 10.15390/eb.2016.5497
  • Yilmaz Findik, L. (2016). What makes a difference for resilient students in Turkey? Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 64, 91-108. doi: 10.14689/ejer.2016.64.5
  • Yokuş, T. (2015). The relation between pre-service music teachers’ psychological resilience and academic achievement levels. Educational Research and Reviews, 10(14), 1961– 1969. doi: 10.5897/err2015.2320
  • Zuill Z. D. (2016). The relationship between resilience and academic success among Bermuda foster care adolescents. (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, Minnesota, USA). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2184/.
  • Acknowledgments
  • This article is an extended version of the paper orally presented at International Language Teacher Education Research Group (ILTERG) International Language Teacher Education Conference held in Antalya/Turkey, April 8-10, 2019.
APA Karabıyık C (2020). INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. , 1585 - 1601.
Chicago Karabıyık Ceyhun INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. (2020): 1585 - 1601.
MLA Karabıyık Ceyhun INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. , 2020, ss.1585 - 1601.
AMA Karabıyık C INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. . 2020; 1585 - 1601.
Vancouver Karabıyık C INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. . 2020; 1585 - 1601.
IEEE Karabıyık C "INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES." , ss.1585 - 1601, 2020.
ISNAD Karabıyık, Ceyhun. "INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES". (2020), 1585-1601.
APA Karabıyık C (2020). INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. IOJET, 7(4), 1585 - 1601.
Chicago Karabıyık Ceyhun INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. IOJET 7, no.4 (2020): 1585 - 1601.
MLA Karabıyık Ceyhun INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. IOJET, vol.7, no.4, 2020, ss.1585 - 1601.
AMA Karabıyık C INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. IOJET. 2020; 7(4): 1585 - 1601.
Vancouver Karabıyık C INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES. IOJET. 2020; 7(4): 1585 - 1601.
IEEE Karabıyık C "INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES." IOJET, 7, ss.1585 - 1601, 2020.
ISNAD Karabıyık, Ceyhun. "INTERACTION BETWEEN ACADEMIC RESILIENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF TEACHER TRAINEES". IOJET 7/4 (2020), 1585-1601.