Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 51 - 56 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 25-05-2021

Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA

Öz:
Objective: We aimed to analyse the positivity rate and cycle threshold values indicating viral loads for SARS CoV-2 among differentrespiratory specimens and also to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of saliva samples.Materials and Methods: We included combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab (cONS), sputum, and tracheal aspirate(TA) specimens of patients. Unpreserved saliva samples were collected prospectively from hospitalized patients within 72 hours ofadmission. SARS CoV-2 RNA was extracted by using Bio-Speedy viral nucleic acid buffer than RT-PCR was performed with BioSpeedy COVID-19 qPCR detection kit.Results: Retrospective evaluation revealed SARS CoV-2 RNA in 19.66% of cONS (n: 5819), 30.77% of sputum (n: 39), 29.41% of TAsamples (n: 34) from 4812 patients. In the majority (86.72%) of the samples, the first cONS sample was positive. Consecutive cONSand sputum/TA samples were investigated in 52 patients of whom 11 were positive with either of these samples. Saliva positivity wasdetected in 60% of cONS positive (n: 20) and 30% of cONS negative (n: 12) patients.Conclusion: Although, cONS samples show the greatest diagnostic guidance, repeated sampling from multiple sites of the respiratorytract increases the possibility of COVID-19 diagnosis. Saliva samples might be considered as an alternative specimen.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W et al. China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382:727-33. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001017.
  • [2] World Health Organization. Diagnostic testing for SARSCoV-2, interim guidance. https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/diagnostic-testing-for-sars-cov-2 (accessed 20 September 2020).
  • [3] World Health Organization. COVID 19 Weekly Epidemiological Update, file:///C:/Users/HP/Downloads/20201201_Weekly_ Epi_Update_16.pdf, (accessed 3 December 2020).
  • [4] Turkish Ministry of Health, https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/, (accessed 3 December 2020).
  • [5] See A, Toh ST. Respiratory sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: An Overview. Head Neck 2020;42:1652-6. doi:10.1002/hed.26232.
  • [6] Zou L, Ruan F, Huang M, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1177-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2001737.
  • [7] Xie C, Jiang L, Huang G, et al. Comparison of different samples for 2019 novel coronavirus detection by nucleic acid amplification tests. Int J Infect Dis 2020;93:264-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.02.050.
  • [8] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Guidelines for Collecting. Handling, and Testing Clinical Specimens from Persons for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/ lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html, (accessed September 19, 2020).
  • [9] The Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Public Health, COVID 19 (SARS-CoV-2 Infection) Guide, Study of Scientific Board, General Information, Epidemiology and Diagnosis, 30 May 2020, https://hsgm. saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/goc_sagligi/covid19/rehber/ COVID-19_Rehberi20200414_eng_v4_002_14.05.2020.pdf, (accessed 1 November 2020).
  • [10] Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:411-2. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30113-4.
  • [11] Huang Y, Chen S, Yang Z, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in clinical samples from critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020;201:1435-8. doi:10.1164/rccm.202.003.0572LE.
  • [12] Patel R, Babady E, Theel ES, et al. Report from the American Society for Microbiology COVID-19 International Summit, 23 March 2020: Value of diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19. mBio 2020;11:e00722-20. doi: 10.1128/mBio.
  • [13] Williams E, Bond K, Zhang B, Putland M, Williamson DA. Saliva as a noninvasive specimen for detection of SARSCoV-2. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58:e00776-20. doi: 10.1128/ JCM.00776-20.
  • [14] To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS, et al. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020;20:575-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30626-7.
  • [15] Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances 2019–2020. Geneva: World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/ihr/publications /WHO – WHECPI-2019.20/en/. (accessed 10 September 2020).
  • [16] Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis 2020;94:91-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017.
  • [17] Lauer SA, Grantz KH, Bi Q, et al. The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: Estimation and application. Ann Intern Med 2020;172:577-82. doi: 10.7326/M20-0504.
  • [18] Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med 2020;288:192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091.
  • [19] Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA 2020;323:1843-4. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.3786.
  • [20] Liu R, Han H, Liu F, et al. Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020. Clin Chim Acta 2020;505:172-5. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.009.
  • [21] Zheng S, Fan J, Yu F, et al. Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January-March 2020: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2020;369:m1443. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1443.
  • [22] Li Y, Yao L, Li J, et al. Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. J Med Virol 2020;92:903-908. doi: 10.1002/ jmv.25786.
  • [23] Yu F, Yan L, Wang N et al. Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:793-798. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa345. PMID: 32221523; PMCID: PMC7184442.
  • [24] McCormick-Baw C, Morgan K, Gaffney D, et al. Saliva as an alternate specimen source for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients using Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARSCoV-2. J Clin Microbiol 2020;58:e01109-20. doi: 10.1128/ JCM.01109-20.
  • [25] Azzi L, Carcano G, Gianfagna F, et al. Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2. J Infect 2020;81:e45-e50. doi:10.1016/j. jinf.2020.04.005.
  • [26] Pasomsub E, Watcharananan SP, Boonyawat K, et al. Saliva sample as a non-invasive specimen for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019: a cross-sectional study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020 :S1198-743X(20)30278-0. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2020.05.001.
APA Can Sarınoğlu R, GÜNESER D, ERTURK SENGEL B, KORTEN V, karahasan a (2021). Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. , 51 - 56.
Chicago Can Sarınoğlu Rabia,GÜNESER DENIZ,ERTURK SENGEL Buket,KORTEN VOLKAN,karahasan aysegul Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. (2021): 51 - 56.
MLA Can Sarınoğlu Rabia,GÜNESER DENIZ,ERTURK SENGEL Buket,KORTEN VOLKAN,karahasan aysegul Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. , 2021, ss.51 - 56.
AMA Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. . 2021; 51 - 56.
Vancouver Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. . 2021; 51 - 56.
IEEE Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a "Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA." , ss.51 - 56, 2021.
ISNAD Can Sarınoğlu, Rabia vd. "Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA". (2021), 51-56.
APA Can Sarınoğlu R, GÜNESER D, ERTURK SENGEL B, KORTEN V, karahasan a (2021). Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. Marmara Medical Journal, 34(1), 51 - 56.
Chicago Can Sarınoğlu Rabia,GÜNESER DENIZ,ERTURK SENGEL Buket,KORTEN VOLKAN,karahasan aysegul Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. Marmara Medical Journal 34, no.1 (2021): 51 - 56.
MLA Can Sarınoğlu Rabia,GÜNESER DENIZ,ERTURK SENGEL Buket,KORTEN VOLKAN,karahasan aysegul Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. Marmara Medical Journal, vol.34, no.1, 2021, ss.51 - 56.
AMA Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. Marmara Medical Journal. 2021; 34(1): 51 - 56.
Vancouver Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA. Marmara Medical Journal. 2021; 34(1): 51 - 56.
IEEE Can Sarınoğlu R,GÜNESER D,ERTURK SENGEL B,KORTEN V,karahasan a "Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA." Marmara Medical Journal, 34, ss.51 - 56, 2021.
ISNAD Can Sarınoğlu, Rabia vd. "Evaluation of different respiratory samples and saliva for the detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA". Marmara Medical Journal 34/1 (2021), 51-56.