The institutional approach to economic theory, claiming that the economy cannot be evaluated independently of the effect of the institutional, has been frequently included in the growth literature since the 1990s. In line with this view, the effects of institutional structure on economic growth were investigated for the Eastern European transition economies sample. The study, in which panel data analysis was used, covers the years 2006-2017. In the study, indices related to the institutional structures of the countries, obtained from the World Economic Forum Global Competitiveness Index were used. Analysis results show that institutional quality and quality of public institutions affect economic growth positively. Accordingly, 1% change in the institutional quality index affects the GDP by approximately 0.29% and the GDP per capita by 0.37% in the same direction. The effect of 1% change in the quality of public institutions index was determined to be approximately 0.35% and 0.43%, respectively. According to the findings, it can be said that the implementation of policies that will encourage institutional development in the sample countries will play an important role in ensuring a sustainable economic growth.