NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER

KORKMAN, HAMDI; Çolak Turan, Tuğba Seda

NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER

Hamdi Korkman, (Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sandıklı Uygulamalı Bilimler Fakültesi Sosyal Hizmet Bölümü , Afyon, Türkiye)

Tuğba Seda Çolak (Düzce Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi. Düzce, Türkiye)

IOJET

5 0

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 418 - 431 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 20-06-2021

NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER

Öz:

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between Covid-19 fear and intolerance of uncertainty and generalized anxiety disorder in individuals aged 18-65 years and older. Also, it was examined whether Covid-19 and intolerance of uncertainty predicted generalizedanxietydisordersignificantly.Inthisstudy,datawerecollected,using convenience sampling model, from a total of 843 people, including 547 females(64.9%) and 296 males(35.1%) in Julyand August 2020. The data collecting tools of thestudy were the Covid-19 Fear Scale, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), and theGeneral Anxiety Disorder Test (GAD-7). The correlationsbetween COVID-19 fear total score and IUS total score,and sub-scales’ scores, and GAD-7 total score wereexamined using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient technique. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that there were significant and positive relationships between Covid-19 fear total score and IUS total, as well as betweensubscales’ scores and GAD-7. Additionally, the prediction level of COVID-19 fear and intolerance of uncertainty on generalized anxiety disorder was tested viaMultiple Regression Analysis,and it was observed that the fear of COVID-19 and IUS total score,IUS1,IUS4 were significant predictors of generalized anxiety disorder

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M.D., Pakpour, A.H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8
American Psychiatric Association (2013). DSM-5 Tanı Ölçütleri Başvuru Elkitabı (Çev. E. Köroğlu). Ankara: HYB Yayıncılık.
Aronson, E., Wilson, T.D., & Akert, R.M. (2012). Sosyal Psikoloji [Social Psychology]. İstanbul: Kaknüs Psikoloji
Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., & Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: Mediating Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00331-y
Bilge, Y ve Bilge Y. (2020). Koronavirüs salgını ve sosyal izolasyonun psikolojik semptomlar üzerindeki etkilerinin psikolojik sağlamlık ve stresle baş etme tarzları açısından incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23. DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2020.66934.
Bults, M., Beaujean, D. J., de Zwart, O., Kok, G., van Empelen, P., van Steenbergen, J. E., ... & Voeten, H. A. (2011). Perceived Risk, Anxiety, and Behavioral Responses of the General Public during the Early Phase of the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in theNetherlands: Results of Three Consecutive Online Surveys. BMC public health, 11(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-2
Cheah, Y. K., Azahadi, M., Phang, S. N., Manaf, N. H. A. (2020). Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Health Factors Associated with Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder among Malaysian Adults. Journal of Primary Case& Community Health. https://doi.org/10.1177/2150132720921738
Choi, E.P.H., Hui, B.P.H., Wan, E. Y. F. (2020). Depression and Anxiety in Hong Kong during Covid-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103740
Cowling, B. J., Ng, D. M., Ip, D.K., Liao, Q., Lam, W. W., Wu, J. T., ... & Fielding, R. (2010). Community Psychological and Behavioral Responses through the First Wave of the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in Hong Kong. The Journal of infectious diseases, 202(6), 867-876. https://doi.org/10.1086/655811
Doğan Haber Ajansı (2020, March 31). Corona virus korkusundan intihar etti [She committed suicide by fear of Corona virus]. Retrieved from https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/corona-virus-korkusundan-intihar etti,uIhyxXfFh0K4JtMqX1JxNw
Doğan Haber Ajansı (2020, May 2). Corona virus televizyona ilgiyi artırdı [Corona virus increased interest in television]. Retrieved from https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/corona-virus-televizyona-ilgiyi-artirdi,0iMcNQ8xY0W5qsRFgGuB1w
Dugas, M.J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry: Investigating Specificity in a Nonclinical Sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005553414688
Dugas, M. J., Marchand, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2005). Further validation of a cognitive-behavioral model of generalized anxiety disorder: diagnostic and symptom specificity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19(3), 329–343. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.02.002
Dugas, M.J., Schwartz, A., & Francis, K. (2004). Intolerance of Uncertainty, Worry, and Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(6), 835–842. DOI: 10.1007/s10608-004-0669-0
Holaway, R..M., Heimberg, R.G., &Coles, M.E. (2006). A comparison of intolerance of uncertainty in analogue obsessive-compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20(2), 158-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.01.002
Isaac, M., & Frenkel, S. (2020, May 30). Facebook Is 'Just Trying to Keep the Lights On' as Traffic Soars in Pandemic. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/technology/virus-facebook-usage-traffic.html
Kantor, B. N, & Kantor, J. (2020). Mental Health Outcomes and Associations During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A cross-Sectional Survey of the US General Population. MedRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.20114140
Kogan, C. S., Stein, D. J., Maj, M., First, M. B., Emmelkamp, P. M. G., & Reed, G. M. (2016).The Classification of Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders in the ICD-11.Depression and Anxiety, 33(12), 1141–1154.doi:10.1002/da.22530
Konkan, R., Şenormancı, Ö., Güçlü, O., Aydın, E., Sungur, M.Z. (2013). Yaygın Anksiyete Bozukluğu-7 (YAB-7) Testi Türkçe Uyarlaması, Geçerlik ve Güvenirliği. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 50, 53-58.
La, V., Pham, T., Ho, T. M., Hoàng, N. M., Linh, N. P. K., Vuong, T., ... Vuong, Q. (2020). Policy response, social media and science journalism for the sustainability of the public health system amid COVID-19 outbreak: The Vietnam lessons. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/vxhz5
Lee, S., Tsang, A., Ruscio, A. M.,Haro, J. M., Stein, D. J., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bromet, E. J., Demyttenaere, K., de Girolamo, G., de Graaf, R., Gureje, O., Iwata, N., Karam, E. G., Lepine, J. P., Levinson,D., E Medina-Mora, M., Oakley Browne, M. A., Posada-Villa, J., Kessler, R. C. (2009). Implications of Modifying the Duration Requirement of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Developed and Developing Countries. Psychological Medicine, 39(7),1163‐1176. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291708004807
Liberman, A., & Chaiken, S. (1992). Defensive Processing of Personally Relevant Health Messages. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(6), 669–679. doi:10.1177/0146167292186002
Pandey, A., Patni, N., Singh, M.,Sood, A., & Singh, G. (2010). YouTube as a source of information on the H1N1 influenza pandemic. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 38(3), e1-e3. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.11.007
Perrin, P. C., McCabe, L., Everly, G. S., & Links, J. M. (2009). Preparing for an influenza pandemic: Mental health considerations. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 24(3), 223-230. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X00006853
Reed, G. M., First, M. B., Kogan, C. S., Hyman, S. E., Gureje, O., Gaebel, W., Maj, M., Stein, D. J., Maercker, A., Tyrer, P., Claudino, A., Garralda, E., Salvador‐Carulla, L., Ray, R., Saunders, J. B., Dua, T., Poznyak, V., Medina-Mora, M. E., Pike, K. M., ..., Saxena,, S. (2019). Innovations and Changes in the ICD-11 Classification of Mental, Behavioural and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. World Psychiatry, 18(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20611
Remmerswaal, D., & Muris, P. (2011). Children's fear reactions to the 2009 Swine Flu pandemic: The role of threat information as provided by parents. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(3), 444-449. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.008
Ro, J. S., Lee, J. S., Kang, S. C., & Jung, H. M. (2017). Worry experienced during the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) pandemic in Korea. Plos One, 12(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173234
Roose, K. & Gabriel, J. X. D. (2020, May 30). The Coronavirus Revives Facebook as a News Powerhouse. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-facebook-news.html
Sarı, S ve Dağ, İ. (2009). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe ile İlgili Olumlu İnançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeği’nin Türkçeye uyarlanması, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10, 261-270.
Satıcı, B., Göçet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M.E., & Satıcı, S.A. (2020). Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its Assciation with Psychological Distress and Life Satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0
Satıcı, B., Sarıcalı, M., Satıcı, S.A., & Griffiths, M.D. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00305-0
Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K, Williams, J.B., Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch. Intern. Med., 166, 1092-1097.
Taha, S., Matheson, K., Cronin, T., & Anisman, H. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty, appraisals, coping, and anxiety: The case of the 2009 H 1 N 1 pandemic. British Journal of Health Psychology, 19(3), 592-605. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12058
Temsah, M. H., Al-Sohime, F., Alamro, N., Al-Eyadhy, A., Al-Hasan, K., Jamal, A., Al-Maglouth, I., Aljamaan, F., Amri, M. A., Barry, M., Al-Subaie, S., Somily, A. M. (2020). The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in a MERS-CoV Endemic Country. Journal of Infection and Public Health.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.021
Van, Bavel, J.J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P.S., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M.J., Crum, A.J., Douglas, K.M., Druckman, J.N., Drury, J., Dube, O., Ellemers, N., Finkel, E.J., Fowler, J.H., Gelfand, M., Han, S., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Kitayama, S., ..., Willer, R. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460-471. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 17–29. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729.
Wheaton, M. G., Abramowitz, J. S., Berman, N. C., Fabricant, L. E., & Olatunji, B. O. (2012). Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(3), 210-218. doi: 10.1007/s10608-011-9353-3
Wittchen, H. U. (2002), Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Prevalence, Burden, and Cost to Society. Depression & Anxiety, 16,162-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10065
Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of fear appeals: Implications for effective public health campaigns. Health Education & Behavior, 27, 591-615. DOI: 10.1177/109019810002700506
World Health Organization (2020, March 11). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 -11 March 2020. Retrieved from www.who.intwebsite: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Xiang, Y. T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., & Ng, C. H. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
Yamazaki, M., & Kikkawa, T. (2010). The structure of anxiety associated with avian influenza and pandemic influenza. The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 80(6), 476-484. DOI: 10.4992/jjpsy.80.476
Yook, K., Kim, K.H., Suh, S.Y., & Lee, K. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty, worry, and rumination in majör depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 24(6), 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.04.00

APA	KORKMAN H, Çolak Turan T (2021). NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. , 418 - 431.
Chicago	KORKMAN HAMDI,Çolak Turan Tuğba Seda NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. (2021): 418 - 431.
MLA	KORKMAN HAMDI,Çolak Turan Tuğba Seda NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. , 2021, ss.418 - 431.
AMA	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. . 2021; 418 - 431.
Vancouver	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. . 2021; 418 - 431.
IEEE	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T "NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER." , ss.418 - 431, 2021.
ISNAD	KORKMAN, HAMDI - Çolak Turan, Tuğba Seda. "NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER". (2021), 418-431.

APA	KORKMAN H, Çolak Turan T (2021). NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. IOJET, 8(1), 418 - 431.
Chicago	KORKMAN HAMDI,Çolak Turan Tuğba Seda NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. IOJET 8, no.1 (2021): 418 - 431.
MLA	KORKMAN HAMDI,Çolak Turan Tuğba Seda NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. IOJET, vol.8, no.1, 2021, ss.418 - 431.
AMA	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. IOJET. 2021; 8(1): 418 - 431.
Vancouver	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER. IOJET. 2021; 8(1): 418 - 431.
IEEE	KORKMAN H,Çolak Turan T "NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER." IOJET, 8, ss.418 - 431, 2021.
ISNAD	KORKMAN, HAMDI - Çolak Turan, Tuğba Seda. "NVESTIGATION OF THERELATIONSHIP BETWEENCOVID-19 FEARANDINTOLERANCEOFUNCERTAINTYANDGENERALIZEDANXIETYDISORDER". IOJET 8/1 (2021), 418-431.