New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy

Yılmaz, Funda; oksuzoglu, berna

doi:10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153

New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy

Funda YILMAZ, (Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Türkiye, Doktor Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)

Ömür ÖKSÜZOĞLU (Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Türkiye, Doktor Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Tıbbi Onkoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)

European Archives of Medical Research

4 1

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 10 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153 İndeks Tarihi: 28-06-2021

New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy

Öz:

In the last 20 years, when we started to understand cancer biology better, targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been developed insystemic treatments and they have started to take their place as monotherapy or combined therapies in routine practice. Treatments thataffect specific molecules are called targeted therapies. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and those affecting theproliferation cascade constitute the majority of targeted therapies currently used. mAbs are targeted molecules produced from a single B-cellclone by antigen exposure. Most immunotherapeutics currently in use are in the form of mAbs. The targets of mAbs that we frequently use incancer treatment today are human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelialgrowth factor, nuclear factor kappa-B ligand receptor activator, programmed death-1 and programmed death ligand-1. Treatments fortyrosine kinases, which play an important role in growth signal modulation, are used in many types of cancer. TKIs are small molecules andare used orally. The most commonly used TKIs are anti-angiogenic multikinase inhibitors. However by the EGFR and anaplastic lymphomakinase inhibitors, a great progress has been made especially in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Again BRAF/MEK, smoothened/hedgehog pathway, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, HER-2 inhibitors are other TKIs in use. The mammalian targetof rapamycin pathway is also used as a target in many cancers. Immunotherapies are therapies that regulate the immune microenvironment,strengthening the immune system and allowing immune cells to fight against tumor cells. The effect of immunotherapy on cancer cells hasbeen demonstrated by the high dose interferon, which was the first immunotherapy used. It consists of cancer vaccine, oncolytic viruses, exvivo activated T-cell and natural killer cell transfer and immune checkpoint inhibitors. All these treatments contribute significantly to thesurvival and quality of life of patients with more antitumor efficacy. A large number of new molecules are being researched going forward,and promising advances in cancer treatment will continue.

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APA	Yılmaz F, oksuzoglu b (2021). New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. , 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
Chicago	Yılmaz Funda,oksuzoglu berna New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. (2021): 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
MLA	Yılmaz Funda,oksuzoglu berna New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. , 2021, ss.1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
AMA	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. . 2021; 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
Vancouver	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. . 2021; 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
IEEE	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b "New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy." , ss.1 - 10, 2021. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
ISNAD	Yılmaz, Funda - oksuzoglu, berna. "New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy". (2021), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153

APA	Yılmaz F, oksuzoglu b (2021). New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. European Archives of Medical Research, 37(1), 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
Chicago	Yılmaz Funda,oksuzoglu berna New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. European Archives of Medical Research 37, no.1 (2021): 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
MLA	Yılmaz Funda,oksuzoglu berna New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. European Archives of Medical Research, vol.37, no.1, 2021, ss.1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
AMA	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. European Archives of Medical Research. 2021; 37(1): 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
Vancouver	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy. European Archives of Medical Research. 2021; 37(1): 1 - 10. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
IEEE	Yılmaz F,oksuzoglu b "New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy." European Archives of Medical Research, 37, ss.1 - 10, 2021. 10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153
ISNAD	Yılmaz, Funda - oksuzoglu, berna. "New Developments in Oncological Treatment: Targeted Treatments and Immunotherapy". European Archives of Medical Research 37/1 (2021), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4274/eamr.galenos.2021.44153