Chilaiditi Syndrome (CS) was first described by Demetrius Chilaiditi in 1910 as a condition characterized radiologically by thepositioning of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm. This condition of unknown cause is very rare in the general population. Although it is usually asymptomatic, it may present with acute, chronic, or recurrent forms and might be associated with symptoms such as constipa-tion, dyspnea, loss of appetite and chest pain. Diagnosis of CS is important since it might be confused with pneumoperitoneum, may cause intestinal obstruction, perforation, and ischemia, and might possibly result in intestinal perforations during colonoscopy. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman who presented with sudden dyspnea and abdominal pain after colonoscopy and was diagnosed as CS after radiolog-ical imaging.