Objectives: Patients on maintenance hemodialysis have a high mortality risk compared to the general population. There have been reported manyrisk factors that affect the mortality of these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of thesepatients and to identify risk factors that contributed to their mortality.Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective observational cohort study conducted between January 2018 and January 2020. At thestart of the study, all of patients were clinically evaluated, and data regarding demographic, clinic, and laboratory characteristics were collected. Atthe end of 2-year follow-up period, the patients were separated into two groups according to their survival status. Data were analyzed between thesurvival and death groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors associated with mortality.Results: A total of 74 patients (53% females and 47% males) were included in the analysis. The mean age of the study population was 53.04±14.61years. At the end of 2-year follow-up period, 21 (28.4) patients died, and four (5.4) received a kidney transplant. The leading cause of death wascardiovascular events (52.2%), followed by infections (43%). Compared with the survival group, the death group patients had higher rate ofcomorbid conditions, older age, required higher erythropoiesis stimulating agent doses, lower levels of serum creatinine and albumin, and higherlevels of C-reactive protein (CRP). The presence of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, and high CRP levels are independent risk factors formortality.Conclusion: An early and careful evaluation is essential in the follow-up of the patients in order to improve survival in this group of patients. Largescalemulticenter studies are needed to better determine the causes of increased risk of mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients.