Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 32 - 40 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118 İndeks Tarihi: 17-06-2021

Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents

Öz:
Objective: The number of publications reporting anxiety and fear about the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to grow; however, the psychometric tools available to assess a Turkish population are insufficient to measure the relevant mental health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and to analyze the validity and reliability in children and adolescents.Method: The study sample consisted of 381 children aged 10-18 years. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency analysis was used to evaluate the scale's reliability, and the criterion validity was assessed with the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression ScaleChild (RCADS-C) subscale scores. The construct validity of the scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient calculated to determine the scale's reliability was α=0.88. The corrected total item test correlation values of the items varied between 0.63 and 0.68. Exploratory factor analysis determined that the factor load of the scale items was 0.73-0.77 and that there was only one factor with an eigenvalue >1. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the fit indices were acceptable.Conclusion: These findings show that the Turkish version of the FCV-19S is a valid and reliable measurement tool for use with children and adolescents.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Yan S, Song X, Lin F, Zhu H, Wang X, Li M, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in Hainan, China. medRxiv 2020. doi:10.1101/2020.03.19.20038539. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 2. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. Lancet 2020; 395:e37- 38.
  • 3. Cash JC, Glass CA, Mullen J. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Family Practice Guidelines. Springer Publishing Company; 2020.
  • 4. Ministry of Health. COVID-19 information page. https:// covid19.saglik.gov.tr/. Accessed December 1, 2020.
  • 5. Barlow DH. Unraveling the mysteries of anxiety and its disorders from the perspective of emotion theory. Am Psychol 2000; 55:1247-1263.
  • 6. Steimer T. The biology of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2002; 4:231-249.
  • 7. Nathanson DL. The psychology of emotion: Theories of emotion in perspective. Fourh ed., Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:1616-1617.
  • 8. Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Pettoello-Mantovani M, et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 Epidemic. J Pediatr 2020; 221:264-266.e1.
  • 9. Yang Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:e19.
  • 10. Xiao C. A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:175-176.
  • 11. Pappas G, Kiriaze IJ, Giannakis P, Falagas ME. Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15:743-747.
  • 12. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51:101990.
  • 13. Lin C-Y. Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Soc Heal Behav 2020; 3:1-2.
  • 14. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395:497-506.
  • 15. Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet 2020; 395:470-473.
  • 16. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287:112934.
  • 17. Ahorsu DK, Lin CY, Imani V, Saffari M, Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH. The fear of COVID-19 scale: development and initial validation. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 1-9. doi: 10.1007/ s11469-020-00270-8. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 18. McNally RJ. Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic, Second ed., Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:1453- 1453.
  • 19. Harding KJ, Skritskaya N, Doherty E, Fallon BA. Advances in understanding illness anxiety. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2008; 10:311- 317.
  • 20. Starr LR, Davila J. Responding to Anxiety with Rumination and Hopelessness: Mechanism of Anxiety-Depression Symptom Co-Occurrence? Cognit Ther Res 2012; 36:321-337.
  • 21. Konick LC, Gutierrez PM. Testing a model of suicide ideation in college students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2005; 35:181-192.
  • 22. Reznik A, Gritsenko V, Konstantinov V, Khamenka N, Isralowitz R. COVID-19 fear in eastern europe: Validation of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. doi: 10.1007/ s11469-020-00283-3. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 23. Lee SA, Mathis AA, Jobe MC, Pappalardo EA. Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113112.
  • 24. Tzur Bitan D, Grossman-Giron A, Bloch Y, Mayer Y, Shiffman N, Mendlovic S. Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Res 2020; 289:113100.
  • 25. Soraci P, Ferrari A, Abbiati FA, Del Fante E, De Pace R, Urso A, et al. Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Italian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00277-1. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 26. Griffiths MD, Pakpour AH, Mamun MA. Correction to: Psychometric validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory factor analysis and rasch analysis. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00399-6. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 27. Alyami M, Henning M, Kr.geloh CU, Alyami H. Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 1-15. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020- 00316-x. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 28. Tsipropoulou V, Nikopoulou VA, Holeva V, Nasika Z, Diakogiannis I, Sakka S, et al. Psychometric properties of the Greek version of FCV-19S. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00319-8. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 29. Satici B, Gocet-Tekin E, Deniz ME, Satici SA. Adaptation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. Int J Ment Health Addict 2020; 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s11469-020-00294-0. [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 30. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. Fifth ed,. Boston: Pearson Allyn and Bacon, 2007; 980.
  • 31. Gormez V, Kilincaslan A, Orengul AC, Ebesutani C, Kaya I, Ceri V, et al. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale – Child Version in a clinical sample. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:84-92.
  • 32. Haktanir A, Seki T, Dilmaç B. Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale. Death Studies 2020. doi: 10.1080/07481187.2020.1773026 [Epub Ahead of Print]
  • 33. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity. Pers Psychol 1975; 28:563-575.
  • 34. Koyuncu I, Kilic AF. The use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses: a document analysis. Education and Science 2019; 44: 361-388.
  • 35. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Fourth ed., New York: Guilford Publications, 2016; 1-534.
  • 36. Balci A. Research Methods, Techniques and Principles in Social Sciences. Fourteenth ed., Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik, 2020; 1-420.
  • 37. Buyukozturk S, Akgun OE, Karadeniz S, Demirel F, Cakmak EK. Scientific Research Methods in Education. Twenty-eighth ed., Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayincilik, 2020; 1-392.
  • 38. Capık C, Gozum S, Aksayan S. Cross-cultural scale adaptation stages, language and culture adaptation: An updated guideline. Florance Nightingale J Nurs 2018; 26:199-210.
  • 39. Sencan H. Reliability and Validity in Social and Behavioral Measurements. First ed., Ankara: Seckin Yayinevi, 2005; 1-867.
  • 40. Rossi A, Panzeri A, Pietrabissa G, Manzoni GM, Castelnuovo G, Mannarini S. The anxiety-buffer hypothesis in the time of COVID-19: when self-esteem protects from the ımpact of loneliness and fear on anxiety and depression. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2177
APA Gözpınar N, Çakıroğlu S, KALINLI E, Ertaş E, Gormez V (2021). Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. , 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
Chicago Gözpınar Nuran,Çakıroğlu Süleyman,KALINLI EMINE MERVE,Ertaş Erdem,Gormez Vahdet Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. (2021): 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
MLA Gözpınar Nuran,Çakıroğlu Süleyman,KALINLI EMINE MERVE,Ertaş Erdem,Gormez Vahdet Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. , 2021, ss.32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
AMA Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. . 2021; 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
Vancouver Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. . 2021; 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
IEEE Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V "Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents." , ss.32 - 40, 2021. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
ISNAD Gözpınar, Nuran vd. "Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents". (2021), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
APA Gözpınar N, Çakıroğlu S, KALINLI E, Ertaş E, Gormez V (2021). Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 34(1), 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
Chicago Gözpınar Nuran,Çakıroğlu Süleyman,KALINLI EMINE MERVE,Ertaş Erdem,Gormez Vahdet Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 34, no.1 (2021): 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
MLA Gözpınar Nuran,Çakıroğlu Süleyman,KALINLI EMINE MERVE,Ertaş Erdem,Gormez Vahdet Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, vol.34, no.1, 2021, ss.32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
AMA Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi. 2021; 34(1): 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
Vancouver Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents. Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi. 2021; 34(1): 32 - 40. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
IEEE Gözpınar N,Çakıroğlu S,KALINLI E,Ertaş E,Gormez V "Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents." Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi, 34, ss.32 - 40, 2021. 10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118
ISNAD Gözpınar, Nuran vd. "Turkish Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale:Validity and reliability study for children andadolescents". Düşünen Adam - Psikiyatri ve Nörolojik Bilimler Dergisi 34/1 (2021), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.14744/DAJPNS.2021.00118