Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 126 - 134 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.18863/pgy.744984 İndeks Tarihi: 18-06-2021

Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler

Öz:
Pandemi gibi tüm dünyayı etkileyen ölümlere neden olan salgınlarda, toplumun psikososyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel kayıplardanetkilenmesinin yanı sıra; topluma en önde ruhsal ve fiziksel hizmet sunan sağlık çalışanları en çok etkilenen grup olmaktadır.Küresel tehdit oluşturan bu tür salgınlar; toplumda endişe, depresyon, ölüm kaygısı, yakınlarını kaybetme endişesi, belirsizliğetahammülsüzlik gibi psikiyatrik belirtilere, salgın nedeniyle karantina uygulamalarının oluşturduğu psikososoyal ve ekonomikgüçlüklere neden olmaktadır. Toplumun yanı sıra, tüm toplumu sosyoekonomik ve ruhsal yönden etkileyen pandemilerde; büyükölçüde sosyal ve iş sorumluluğu yüklenen sağlık çalışanlarının ruhsal sağlığı da etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle yazımızda; 2020yılında tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisinin, toplum ve sağlık çalışanları üzerindeki ruhsal etkisini ve alınabilecekkoruyucu önlemleri derlemeyi planladık.
Anahtar Kelime:

Mental Health and Protective Measures of Community and Healthcare Workers in Covid-19 Pandemic

Öz:
Pandemic is an epidemic that exceeds international borders and generally affects people around the world. In addition to economic and psychosocial problems, pandemic causes additional mental health problems such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, anger, fear and denial. A pandemic is an epidemic occuring on a scale that crosses international boundaries, usually affecting people on a worldwide scale. The pandemic causes additional mental health problems such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, insomnia, anger, fear, and denial besides economic and psychosocial problems. However physical and mental health of medical staff is affected, who carry major responsibilities both socially and professionally. With this compilation, we aimed to emphasize the importance of the psychological needs of both healthcare workers and the community these days that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected all of the world.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Ackerman JM, Becker DV, Mortensen CR, Sasaki T, Neuberg SL, Kenrick DT (2009) A pox on the mind: Disjunction of attention and memory in the processing of physical disfigurement. J Exp Soc Psychol, 45:478-485.
  • Agrawal S, Goel AD, Gupta N (2020) Emerging prophylaxis strategies against COVID-19. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 90(1): doi: 10.4081/ monaldi.2020.1289.
  • Aydın D (2012) Afet Sonrasi Psikososyal Destek Uygulamaları. İstanbul, İnsani ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Merkezi.
  • Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N et al. (2020) The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet, 395:912-920.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J et al. (2020) The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res, 287:112934.
  • Cohn Jr SK (2002) The Black Death: end of a paradigm. Am Hist Rev, 107:703-738.
  • Corruble E (2020) A viewpoint from Paris on the COVID-19 pandemic: A necessary turn to telepsychiatry. J Clin Psychiatry, 81:20com13361.
  • Fagiolini A, Cuomo A, Frank E (2020) COVID-19 diary from a psychiatry department in Italy. J Clin Psychiatry, 81:20com13357.
  • Honigsbaum M (2009) Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918. New York, NY, MacMillan.
  • Houston V, Bull R (1994) Do people avoid sitting next to someone who is facially disfigured? Eur J Soc Psychol, 24:279-284.
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. (2020) Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 395:497-506.
  • Huremović D (2019) Psychiatry of Pandemics: A Mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak. Cham, Switzerland, Springer.
  • Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX et al. (2020) The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3):e14.
  • Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R et al. (2020) Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun, 87:11-17.
  • Kiecolt-Glaser JK, McGuire L, Robles TF, Glaser R (2002) Emotions, morbidity, and mortality: new perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Annu Rev Psychol, 53:83-107.
  • Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T (2020) The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17:2032.
  • Li X, Wang W, Zhao X, Zai J, Zhao Q, Li Y et al. (2020) Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019CoV. J Med Virol, 92:501- 511.
  • Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, et al. (2020) Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardesthit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res, 287: 112921.
  • Liu X, Kakade M, Fuller CJ, Fan B, Fang Y, Kong J et al. (2012) Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Compr Psychiatry, 53:15-23.
  • Mak IWC, Chu CM, Pan PC, Yiu MGC, Chan VL (2009) Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 31:318-326.
  • Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. (2003) The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. CMAJ,168:1245-1251.
  • Mortensen CR, Becker DV, Ackerman JM, Neuberg SL, Kenrick DT (2010) Infection breeds reticence: The effects of disease salience on self-perceptions of personality and behavioral avoidance tendencies. Psychol Sci, 21:440-447.
  • Norris FH, Friedman MJ, Watson PJ (2002) 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part II. Summary and implications of the disaster mental health research. Psychiatry, 65:240-260.
  • Ogden J (1995) Psychosocial theory and the creation of the risky self. Soc Sci Med, 40:409-415.
  • Parker J (2008) Mending our nets: Psychosocial care in Post-Katrina New Orleans. Seattle Journal for Social Justice, 7:37-58.
  • Reynolds DL, Garay J, Deamond S, Moran MK, Gold W, Styra R (2008) Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience. Epidemiol Infect, 136:997-1007.
  • Rubin GJ, Amlôt R, Page L, Wessely S (2009) Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. BMJ, 339:b2651.
  • Schaller M (2006) Parasites, behavioral defenses, and the social psychological mechanisms through which cultures are evoked. Psychol Inq, 17:96-101.
  • Schaller M, Murray DR (2008) Pathogens, personality, and culture: Disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience. J Pers Soc Psychol, 95:212-221.
  • Schaller M, Murray DR, Bangerter A (2015) Implications of the behavioural immune system for social behaviour and human health in the modern world. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci, 370:20140105.
  • Shultz JM, Espinel Z, Flynn BW, Hoffman Y, Cohen R (2007) DEEP PREP: All-Hazards Disaster Behavioral Health Training. Tampa, FL, Disaster Life Support Publishing. Slovic P (1987) Perception of risk. Science, 236:280-285.
  • Tam CW, Pang EP, Lam LC, Chiu HF (2004) Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychol Med, 34:1197-1204.
  • Terrizzi Jr JA, Shook NJ, McDaniel MA (2013) The behavioral immune system and social conservatism: A meta-analysis. Evol Hum Behav, 34:99-108.
  • Thomas LR, Ripp JA, West CP (2018) Charter on physician well-being. JAMA, 319:1541-1542.
  • Torales J, O’Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Ventriglio A (2020) The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 66:317-320.
  • Weiss SR, Leibowitz JL (2011) Coronavirus pathogenesis. Adv Virus Res, 81:85-164.
  • Wheaton MG, Abramowitz JS, Berman NC, Fabricant LE, Olatunji BO (2012) Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (swine flu) pandemic. Cognit Ther Res, 36:210-218.
  • WHO (2010) Pandemic (H1N1) (2010). Available from: URL: http: www who int/esr/don/2010_05_07/en/index html. 2009. Accessed date: 07.05.2010.
  • WHO (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Available from:URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-. Accessed date:01.07.2020.
  • Xiang Y-T, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T et al. (2020) Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psychiatry, 7:228-229.
  • Yıldız İ, Çıkrıkçılı U, Yüksel Ş (2020) Karantinanın ruhsal etkileri ve koruyucu önlemler. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
  • Zhong B-L, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT et al. (2020) Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. Int J Biol Sci, 16:1745-1752.
APA izci f, Kulacaoglu F, BEŞTEPE E (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. , 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
Chicago izci filiz,Kulacaoglu Filiz,BEŞTEPE ENGİN EMREM Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. (2021): 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
MLA izci filiz,Kulacaoglu Filiz,BEŞTEPE ENGİN EMREM Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. , 2021, ss.126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
AMA izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. . 2021; 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
Vancouver izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. . 2021; 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
IEEE izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E "Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler." , ss.126 - 134, 2021. 10.18863/pgy.744984
ISNAD izci, filiz vd. "Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler". (2021), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.744984
APA izci f, Kulacaoglu F, BEŞTEPE E (2021). Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13(1), 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
Chicago izci filiz,Kulacaoglu Filiz,BEŞTEPE ENGİN EMREM Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 13, no.1 (2021): 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
MLA izci filiz,Kulacaoglu Filiz,BEŞTEPE ENGİN EMREM Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, vol.13, no.1, 2021, ss.126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
AMA izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2021; 13(1): 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
Vancouver izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. 2021; 13(1): 126 - 134. 10.18863/pgy.744984
IEEE izci f,Kulacaoglu F,BEŞTEPE E "Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler." Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 13, ss.126 - 134, 2021. 10.18863/pgy.744984
ISNAD izci, filiz vd. "Covid-19 Pandemisinde Toplum ve Sağlık Çalışanlarının Ruh Sağlığı ve Koruyucu Önlemler". Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 13/1 (2021), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.744984