This study aims to examine the science teaching self-efficacy beliefs of classroom teachers, working in the primary schools of Adıyaman, in terms of different variables and to reveal to what extent the self-efficacy sources of the teaching profession affect teachers' science teaching self-efficacy. The descriptive survey model and structural equation modeling methods were adopted as the research design. The sample of the study consists of 212 male, 204 female, totally 416 classroom teachers. In the study, “Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale in Classroom Teachers' Science Teaching” and “Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale” were used. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was no significant difference in the factors that examined the self-efficacy beliefs of classroom teachers in science teaching according to gender, the department they graduated from, and the task area variables. According to the duration of the study, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference in the overall self-efficacy beliefs and the efficacy belief factor among the sub-factors. There was a significant difference in the result expectation from the sub-factors in whose tenure was less than 5 years and 6-10 years.