Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 381 - 387 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 İndeks Tarihi: 04-10-2021
Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica
Öz: It was aimed to investigate in vitro antileishmanial activities of the receptacle, bractea, and stem leaves extracts of Cynara scolymus (artichoke)against Leishmania tropica. The Leishmania isolate, isolated from a cutaneous leishmaniasis patient from Manisa province, Turkey and storedin liquid nitrogen, was identified as L. tropica (MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT) by genotyping. In vitro antileishmanial activities of C. scolymus plantextracts were examined by CelltTiter-glo and hemocytometry, and cytotoxic activities by MTT. IC50 values of receptacle water (WRC), aqueousethanol (ARC) and ethanol (ERC), bractea leaf water (WBC), aqueous ethanol (ABC) and ethanol (EBC), and stem leaf water (WSC), aqueousethanol (ASC) and ethanol (ESC) extracts were determined as 2.45 mg/mL, 1.52 mg/mL, 1.66 mg/mL, 3.45 mg/mL, 1.46 mg/mL and 0.58 mg/mL,0.24 mg/mL, 0.21 mg/mL and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively. When these results are compared with the drug-free control group, it was determinedthat stem leaf aqueous ethanol (SI: 7.98), ethanol (SI: 4.96) and water (SI: 2.71) extracts with the highest selectivity index (SI) values showedantileishmanial activity (P<0.05). Extracts of C. scolymus did not show cytotoxic activity except for WBC, WRC and ARC. In conclusion, the datapresented in the current study indicated that C. scolymus stem leaf extracts (ESC, ASC and WSC) present eff ective antileishmanial activity. Futurestudies could focus on the identification and purification of the antileishmanial compounds within these extracts for analysis of their in vivoantileishmanial activity.Keywords: Antileishman
Anahtar Kelime: Leishmania tropica’ya Karşı Cynara scolymus Ekstrelerinin In-vitro Antileishmanial Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
Öz: Çalışmamızda Cynara scolymus (enginar) bitkisinin reseptakulum, brakte ve gövde yaprağı kısımlarından hazırlanmış ekstrelerinin Leishmania tropica’ya karşı in vitro antileishmanial aktivitelerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin Manisa ilinden kutanöz leishmaniasis hastasından izole edilen ve sıvı azotta saklanan bir Leishmania izolatı, yapılan tür tayini sonucunda L. tropica (MHOM/TR/2012/CBCL-LT) olarak saptanmıştır. Cynara scolymus bitki ekstrelerinin in vitro antileishmanial aktiviteleri CelltTiter-glo ve hemositometri yöntemleriyle, sitotoksik aktiviteleri ise MTT yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Reseptakulum su, sulu etanol ve etanol, brakte yaprağı su, sulu etanol ve etanol ve gövde yaprağı su, sulu etanol ve etanol ekstrelerinin IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 2.45 mg/mL, 1.52 mg/mL, 1.66 mg/mL, 3.45 mg/mL, 1.46 mg/mL ve 0.58 mg/mL, 0.24 mg/mL, 0.21 mg/ mL ve 0.08 mg/mL olarak saptanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ilaçsız kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında; en yüksek seçicilik indeksi (SI) değerlerine sahip olan gövde yaprağı sulu etanol (SI: 7.98), etanol (SI: 4.96) ve su (SI: 2.71) ekstrelerinin antileishmanial etkinlik gösterdiği saptanmıştır (P<0.05). Cynara scolymus bitkisinin brakte yaprağı su, reseptakulum su ve reseptakulum sulu etanol ekstreleri dışındaki ekstreler sitotoksik aktivite göstermemiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen verilere göre C. scolymus gövde yaprağı sulu etanol, etanol ve su ekstrelerinin etkili antileishmanial aktivite gösterdiği saptanmıştır. İleriki çalışmalarda, bu ekstrelerin içeriğindeki antileishmanial aktiviteden sorumlu bileşiklerinin tanımlanması, safl aştırılması ve in vivo antileishmanial aktivitelerinin analizine çalışılacaktır
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Özbel Y, Töz SO: Leishmaniasis. In, Özcel MA, Özbel Y AM (Eds): Özcel’in Tıbbi Parazit Hastalıkları. 197-244, Türkiye Parazitoloji Derneği, İzmir, 2007.
- 2. WHO: Leishmaniasis. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/leishmaniasis; Accessed: 20.01.2021.
- 3. Özbilgin A, Çulha G, Uzun S, Harman M, Topal SG, Okudan F, Zeyrek F, Gündüz C, Östan İ, Karakuş M, Töz S, Kurt Ö, Akyar I, Erat A, Güngör D, Kayabaşı Ç, Çavuş İ, Bastien P, Pratlong F, Kocagöz T, Özbel Y: Leishmaniasis in Turkey: First clinical isolation of Leishmania major from 18 autochthonous cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in four geographical regions. Trop Med Int Health, 21 (6): 783-791, 2016. DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12698
- 4. Ok UZ, Balcioglu IC, Taylan Ozkan A, Ozensoy S, Ozbel Y: Leishmaniasis in Turkey. Acta Trop, 84 (1): 43-48, 2002. DOI: 10.1016/ S0001-706X(02)00134-1
- 5. Toz SO, Nasereddin A, Ozbel Y, Ertabaklar H, Culha G, Sevil N, Alkan MZ, Jaffe CL: Leishmaniasis in Turkey: Molecular characterization of Leishmania from human and canine clinical samples. Trop Med Int Health, 14 (11): 1401-1406, 2009. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02384.x
- 6. Ural IO, Kayalar H, Durmuskahya C, Cavus I, Özbilgin A: In vivo antimalarial activity of methanol and water extracts of Eryngium thorifolium Boiss (Apiaceae Family) against P. berghei in infected mice. Trop J Pharm Res, 13 (8): 1313-1317, 2014. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i8.16
- 7. Ozbilgin A, Durmuskahya C, Kayalar H, Ostan I: Assessment of in vivo antimalarial activities of some selected medicinal plants from Turkey. Parasitol Res, 113 (1): 165-173, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3639-1
- 8. Ozbilgin A, Cavuş I, Yıldırım A, Kaya T, Ertabaklar H: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo drug efficacy over Leishmania tropica: A pilot study. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 42 (1):11-19, 2018. DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.5554
- 9. Toz SO, Culha G, Zeyrek FY, Ertabaklar H, Alkan MZ, Vardarlı AT, Gunduz C, Ozbel Y: A real-time ITS1-PCR based method in the diagnosis and species identification of Leishmania parasite from human and dog clinical samples in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 7(5):e2205, 2013. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002205
- 10. An I, Harman M, Cavus I, Ozbilgin A: The diagnostic value of lesional skin smears performed by experienced specialist in cutaneous leishmaniasis and routine microbiology laboratory. Turk J Dermatol, 13 (Suppl. 1): 1-5, 2019. DOI: 10.4274/tdd.galenos.2018.3812
- 11. Badirz adeh A, Heidari-Kharaji M, Fallah-Omrani V, Dabiri H, Araghi A, Salimi Chirani A: Antileishmanial activity of Urtica dioica extract against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14 (1): e0007843, 2020. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007843
- 12. Ostan I, Saglam H, Limoncu ME, Ertabaklar H, Toz SO, Ozbel Y, Ozbilgin A: In vitro and in vivo activities of Haplophyllum myrtifolium against Leishmania tropica. New Microbiol, 30 (4): 439-445, 2007.
- 13. Croft SL, Yardley V: Chemotherapy of Leishmaniasis. Curr Pharm Des, 8 (4): 319-342, 2002. DOI: 10.2174/1381612023396258
- 14. Ponte-Sucre A, Gamarro F, Dujardin JC, Barrett MP, López-Vélez R, García-Hernández R, Pountain AW, Mwenechanya R, Papadopoulou B: Drug resistance and treatment failure in leishmaniasis: A 21st century challenge. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 11 (12): e0006052, 2017. DOI: 10.1371/ journal.pntd.0006052
- 15. WHO: Status of endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis: 2019. https:// apps.who.int/neglected_diseases/ntddata/leishmaniasis/leishmaniasis. html; Accessed: 20.01.2021.
- 16. Newman DJ, Cragg GM: Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J Nat Prod, 75 (3): 311-335, 2012. DOI: 10.1021/np200906s
- 17. Araújo IAC, Paula RC, Alves CL, Faria KF, Oliveira MM, Mendes GG, Dias EMFA, Ribeiro RR, Oliveira AB, Silva SM: Efficacy of lapachol on treatment of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol, 199, 67- 73, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.013
- 18. Kayaalp SO: Klinik öncesi değerlendirmesi. In, Klinik Farmakolojinin Esasları ve Temel Düzenlemeler. 4th ed., 29-46, Faryal Matbaacılık, Ankara, 2008.
- 19. Costa LM, Alves MMM, Brito LM, Abi-Chacra EA, Barbosa-Filho JM, Gutierrez SJC, Barreto HM, Carvalho FAA: In vitro antileishmanial and immunomodulatory activities of the synthetic analogue riparin E. Chem Biol Interact, 336:109389, 2021. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109389
- 20. Sharaf EL-Deen SA, Brakat RM, Mohamed ASED: Artichoke leaf extract protects liver of Schistosoma mansoni infected mice through modulation of hepatic stellate cells recruitment. Exp Parasitol, 178, 51-59, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.05.005
- 21. Zhu XF, Zhang HX, Lo R: Antifungal activity of Cynara scolymus L. extracts. Fitoterapia, 76 (1): 108-111, 2005. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2004.1 0.016
- 22. Zhu X, Zhang H, Lo R: Phenolic compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and their antimicrobial activities. J Agric Food Chem, 52 (24): 7272-7278, 2004. DOI: 10.1021/jf0490192
- 23. Meira CS, Guimarães ET, Dos Santos JAF, Moreira DRM, Nogueira RC, Tomassini TCB, Ribeiro IM, Campos de Souza CV, Dos Santos RR, Soares MBP: In vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity of Physalis angulata L. concentrated ethanolic extract against Trypanosoma cruzi. Phytomedicine, 22 (11): 969-974, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.07.004
- 24. Badirzadeh A, Heidari-Kharaji M, Fallah-Omrani V, Dabiri H, Araghi A, Chirani AS: Antileishmanial activity of Urtica dioica extract against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14 (1): e0007843, 2020. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007843
- 25. Tempone AG, Martins De Oliveira C, Berlinck RGS: Current approaches to discover marine antileishmanial natural products. Planta Med, 77 (6): 572-585, 2011. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250663
- 26. Arévalo-Lopéz D, Nina N, Ticona JC, Limachi I, Salamanca E, Udaeta E, Paredes C, Espinoza B, Serato A, Garnica D, Limachi A, Coaquira D, Salazar S, Flores N, Sterner O, Giménez A: Leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity from plants used in Tacana traditional medicine (Bolivia). J Ethnopharmacol, 216, 120-133, 2018. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.023
- 27. Joshi B, Hendrickx S, Magar LB, Parajuli N, Dorny P, Maes L: In vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of selected plants of Nepal. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol, 5 (4): 383-389, 2016. DOI: 10.5455/ jice.20160728031236
- 28. Leal SM, Amado DF, Kouznetsov VV, Escobar P: In Vitro antileishmanial, trypanocidal, and mammalian cell activities of diverse N,N’-dihetaryl substituted diamines and related compounds. Sci Pharm, 81 (1): 43-55, 2013. DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1205-14
| APA | YILDIRIM A, AKSOY T, CEYLAN Ş, Kayalar H, Tayfur E, BALCIOĞLU İ (2021). Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. , 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| Chicago | YILDIRIM AHMET,AKSOY TÜLAY,CEYLAN Şirin Sahra,Kayalar Hüsniye,Tayfur Eda,BALCIOĞLU İbrahim Cüneyt Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. (2021): 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| MLA | YILDIRIM AHMET,AKSOY TÜLAY,CEYLAN Şirin Sahra,Kayalar Hüsniye,Tayfur Eda,BALCIOĞLU İbrahim Cüneyt Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. , 2021, ss.381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| AMA | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. . 2021; 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| Vancouver | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. . 2021; 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| IEEE | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ "Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica." , ss.381 - 387, 2021. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| ISNAD | YILDIRIM, AHMET vd. "Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica". (2021), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| APA | YILDIRIM A, AKSOY T, CEYLAN Ş, Kayalar H, Tayfur E, BALCIOĞLU İ (2021). Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(3), 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| Chicago | YILDIRIM AHMET,AKSOY TÜLAY,CEYLAN Şirin Sahra,Kayalar Hüsniye,Tayfur Eda,BALCIOĞLU İbrahim Cüneyt Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 27, no.3 (2021): 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| MLA | YILDIRIM AHMET,AKSOY TÜLAY,CEYLAN Şirin Sahra,Kayalar Hüsniye,Tayfur Eda,BALCIOĞLU İbrahim Cüneyt Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.27, no.3, 2021, ss.381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| AMA | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 27(3): 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| Vancouver | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021; 27(3): 381 - 387. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| IEEE | YILDIRIM A,AKSOY T,CEYLAN Ş,Kayalar H,Tayfur E,BALCIOĞLU İ "Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica." Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, ss.381 - 387, 2021. 10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
| ISNAD | YILDIRIM, AHMET vd. "Assessment of In-vitro Antileishmanial Activities of Cynara scolymus Extracts Against Leishmania tropica". Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 27/3 (2021), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2021.25656 |
