In Muslim culture, Muslim scholars generally agree that divine acts take place within the boundaries of justice and impossible to be characterized by cruelty. However, they have different opinions about the nature, scope and how justice will be manifested. One of the issues that influenced the formation and development of these ideas is the problem of children’s suffering. Since the child has not yet completed his mental and physical development, he is considered innocent in almost all cultures, so he has separate rights from adults. In childhood, human beings are evaluated according to principles different from adults in society and before the law. Likewise, in terms of reli-gion, the child is considered to be among the groups that do not have any responsibility to obey religi-ous orders. Due to this special position of childhood, some moral debates have been raised among theologians on the issue of children's suffering. How does Allah allow children, who have an exceptio-nal place in the law and society's conscience because they are innocent, to be exposed to disease, war and violence in the world? For whatever reason God does not interfere with the suffering of innocent children, who is the source of a belief that proposes forgiveness of adults despite committing crimes? It is possible to increase the number of such questions that occupy minds. The important thing here is to find correct and convincing answers to these questions in a way that will comfort their conscience. Because reason and free will, which are put forward as the justification of the evil that adults are subjec-ted to, depending on the crime-punishment relationship, is not an explanatory solution to the issue of children's suffering. The theologians dealt with the issue of children's suffering based on the concept of wisdom rather than the principle of justice, different from the evidences they used on evil. It is seen that their adoption of ethical principles as a value is significantly effective in adopting such an attitude. In this context, the approach of kalam schools to the issue of children's suffering is also a reflection of their understanding of morality. The aim of the study is to determine the origins of religious and social causes that gave rise to the issue of children's suffering in the history of Muslim culture and to make a comparative theolo-gical analysis on it. In the research, induction was used as data collection method and comparative analysis methods were used as data processing method.