This study aimed to examine the problems encountered in listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills based on studies aiming to identify the problems encountered in Turkish lessons at primary school level. The meta-synthesis method was applied in this study. 17 studies that provided the necessary conditions were included in the study. As a result of the study, it was determined that listening skills were scarcely examined, that problems in listening skills mostly stemmed from student-related reasons, and that lack of student attention and motivation and also lack of vocabulary of students were the problems in the development of listening skills. Problems in speaking skills were mostly caused by students’ lack of vocabulary. Regarding reading skills, it was determined that students had problems in reading accurately and fluently, that students read by spelling out words, and that they had problems in reading comprehension. It was determined that writing skills were examined the most; students had problems with using punctuation marks, applying spelling rules, and the physical dimension of writing. It is recommended that research aimed at improving students’ vocabulary is conducted and that measures should be taken so that research does not focus on specific language skills but rather focuses on needs.