Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 123 - 140 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.18492/dad.676900 İndeks Tarihi: 15-09-2021

Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili

Öz:
Başkalarının zihinsel durumlarını anlama becerisi okul öncesi çağlardahızlı bir gelişim göstermektedir. Bu makalede dilin, kavramların çocuklarınzihinlerinde temsil edilişi ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Bu ilişkiyideğerlendirebilmek için kişinin kendisinin ve başkalarının davranışlarına inanç,istek, niyet gibi zihinsel durumları atfetme becerileri (Theory of Mind)incelenmiştir. Özellikle dilin zihinsel durumların temsil edilmesinde gerekliolan kaynakları ne ölçüde sağladığı sorusuna odaklanılmıştır. Bu alandakigörgül bulgular dilin, zihinsel durumların temsilinde ve işlenmesindekolaylaştırıcı bir araç görevi gördüğünü ancak zihinsel durumların temsili içinbir zorunluluk olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Encoding Mental States in Language and Cognition

Öz:
The ability to understand others’ mental states develops steadily during the preschool years. In this article, we consider how encoding mental states in language makes contact with mental state representations in cognition. To do so, we focus on Theory of Mind, the ability to attribute desires, intentions and beliefs to oneself and others. Specifically, we discuss the extent to which language provides the mental resources necessary for representing mental states. Empirical findings in this domain strongly suggest that language is not necessary for developing an understanding of mental states, but may be one of the many factors that facilitate the development of Theory of Mind.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
  • Aksu-Koç, A. (2009). Evidentials: An interface between linguistic and conceptual development. E. Lieven, J. Guo, N. Budwig, S. Ervin-Tripp, K. Nakamura ve S. Özçalışkan (Yay. haz.), Crosslinguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin içinde (s. 531-541). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Aksu‐Koç, A., Ögel‐Balaban, H., & Alp, I. E. (2009). Evidentials and source knowledge in Turkish. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 125, 13-28. doi: 10.1002/cd.247
  • Apperly, I. A., Samson, D., Carroll, N., Hussain, S., & Humphreys, G. (2006b). Intact first- and second-order false belief reasoning in a patient with severely impaired grammer. Social Neuroscience, 1(3-4), 334–328. doi: 10.1080/17470910601038693 Appleton, M., & Reddy, V. (1996). Teaching three year-olds to pass false belief tests: A conversational approach. Social Development, 5(3), 275–291. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.1996.tb00086.x
  • Astington, J. W. (1996). What is theoretical about the child’s theory of mind?: A Vygotskian view of its development. P. Curruthers, & P. K. Smith (Yay. haz.), Theories of theories of mind içinde (s. 184–199). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Astington, J. W., & Gopnik, A. (1991). Theoretical explanations of children's understanding of mind. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(1), 7-31. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1991.tb00859.x
  • Avis, J., & Harris, P.L. (1991). Belief-Desire Reasoning among Baka Children: Evidence for a Universal Conception of Mind. Child Development, 62(3), 460-467. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01544.x
  • Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind?” Cognition, 21(1), 37–46. doi: 10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8
  • Barrett, H.C., Broesch, T., Scott, R. M., He, Z., Baillargeon, R., Wu, D., Bolz, M., Henrich, J., Setoh, P., Wang, J., Laurence, S. (2013). Early false-belief understanding in traditional non-Western societies. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 280(1755), 20122654. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.2654
  • Bartsch, R., & Wellman, H. (1995). Children talk about the mind. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
  • Buttelmann, D., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2009). Eighteen-month-old infants show false belief understanding in an active helping paradigm. Cognition, 112(2), 337-342. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.006
  • Carruthers, P. (2002). The cognitive functions of language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25(6), 657-726. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X02000122
  • Clements, W. A., Rustin, C., & McCallum, S. (2000). Promoting the transition from implicit to explicit understanding: A training study of false belief. Developmental Science, 3(1), 88–92. doi: 10.1111/1467-7687.00102
  • Dungan, J., & Saxe, R. (2012). Matched false-belief performance during verbal and nonverbal interference. Cognitive Science, 36(6), 1148-1156. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2012.01248.x
  • Flavell, J. H. (1988). The development of children's knowledge about the mind: From cognitive connections to mental representations. In J. W. Astington, P. L. Harris, & D. R. Olson (Eds.), Developing theories of mind (pp. 244-267). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Frank, M. C., Fedorenko, E., Lai, P., Saxe, R., & Gibson, E. (2012). Verbal interference suppresses exact numerical representation. Cognitive Psychology, 64(1-2), 74-92. doi:10. 1016/j.cogpsych.2011.10.004
  • Gennari, S. P., Sloman, S. A., Malt, B. C., & Fitch, W. T. (2002). Motion events in language and cognition. Cognition, 83(1), 49-79. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00166-4
  • Gentner, D. & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2003). Language in mind: Advances in the study of language and thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Gleitman, L. & Papafragou, A. (2005). Language and thought. K. Holyoak & R. Morrison (Yay. haz.), Cambridge handbook of thinking and reasoning içinde (s. 633-661). Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gleitman, L. & Papafragou, A. (2012). New perspectives on language and thought. K. Holyoak & R. Morrison (Yay. haz.), The Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning içinde (2. Basım) (s. 543-568). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Hale, C. M., & Tager-Flusberg, H. (2003). The influence of language on theory of mind: A training study. Development Science, 6(3), 346–359. doi: 10.1111/1467-7687.00289
  • Harris, P. (1996). Desires, beliefs, and language. P. Carruthers & P. K. Smith (Yay. haz.), Theories of Theories of Mind içinde (s. 283– 304). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Harris, P. (1999). Acquiring the act of conversation: Children’s developing conception of their conversational partner. M. Bennett (Yay. haz.), Developmental Psychology: Achievements and Prospects içinde (s. 89– 105). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
  • Hermer-Vazquez L., Spelke E. S., & Katsnelson A. (1999). Sources of flexibility in human cognition: Dual-task studies of space and language. Cognitive Psychology, 39(1), 3-36. doi:10.1006/cogp.1998.0713
  • Krupenye, C., Kano, F., Hirata, S., Call, J. & Tomasello, M. (2016). Great apes anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs. Science, 354(6308), 110–114. doi: 10.1126/ science.aaf8110
  • Landau, B., Dessalegn, B., & Goldberg, A. M. (2010) Language and space: Momentary interactions. P. Chilton & V. Evans (Yay. haz.), Language, cognition, and space: The state of the art and new directions. Advances in Cognitive Linguistics Series içinde (s. 51-78). London, United Kingdom: Equinox Publishing.
  • Lecce, S., Bianco, F., Devine, R. T., Hughes, C., & Banerjee, R. (2014). Promoting theory of mind during middle childhood: A training program. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 126, 52-67. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2014.03.002
  • Lecce, S., & Bianco, F. (2018). Working memory predicts changes in children’s theory of mind during middle childhood: A training study. Cognitive Development, 47, 71-81. doi: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2018.04.002
  • Levinson, S. C. (2003). Space in language and cognition: Explorations in linguistic
  • diversity. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
  • Li, P., Abarbanell, L., Gleitman, L., & Papafragou, A. (2011). Spatial reasoning in Tenejapan Mayans. Cognition, 120(1), 33-53. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.012
  • Li, P., Dunham, Y., & Carey, S. (2009). Of substance: The nature of language effects on entity construal. Cognitive Psychology, 58(4), 487-524. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.12.001
  • Li, P. & Gleitman, L. (2002). Turning the tables: Language and spatial reasoning. Cognition, 83(3), 265-294. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(02)00009-4
  • Liu, D., Wellman, H. M., Tardif, T., & Sabbagh, M. A. (2008). Theory of Mind development in Chinese children: A meta-analysis of false-belief understanding across cultures and languages. Developmental Psychology, 44(2), 523-531. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.523
  • Lohmann, H., & Tomasello, M. (2003). The role of language in the development of false belief understanding: A training study. Child Development, 74(4), 1130–1144. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00597
  • Lupyan, G. (2016). The centrality of language in human cognition. Language Learning, 66(3), 516-553.
  • Menn, L., Obler, L. K., & Miceli, G. (1990). Agrammatic aphasia: A cross-language narrative sourcebook (Vol. 2). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • Newton, A. M., & de Villiers, J. G. (2007). Thinking while talking: Adults fail nonverbal false-belief reasoning. Psychological Science, 18(7), 574–579. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01942.x
  • Onishi, K. H., & Baillargeon, R. (2005). Do 15-month-old infants understand false beliefs? Science, 308(5719), 255–258. doi: 10.1126/science.1107621
  • Ozturk, O. & Papafragou, A. (2016). The acquisition of evidentiality and source monitoring. Language Learning and Development, 12, 199–230. doi: 10.1080/15475441.2015.1024834
  • Papafragou, A., Hulbert, J., & Trueswell, J. (2008). Does language guide event perception? Evidence from eye movements. Cognition, 108(1), 155-184. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.02.007
  • Perner, J., Sprung, M., Zauner, P., & Haider, H. (2003). Want-that is understood well before think-that, say-that, and false belief: A test of de Villiers' linguistic determinism on German speaking children. Child Development, 74(1), 179-188. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00529
  • Peterson, C.C., & Siegal, M. (1999). Representing inner worlds: Theory of mind in autistic, deaf, and normal hearing children. Psychological Science, 10(2), 126– 9. doi: 10.1111/ 1467- 9280.00119
  • Pyers, J. E., & Senghas, A. (2009). Language promotes false-belief understanding: Evidence from learners of a new sign language. Psychological Science, 20(7), 805– 812. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02377.x
  • Schick, B., de Villiers, P., de Villiers, J., & Hoffmeister, R. (2007). Language and theory of mind: A study of deaf children. Child Development, 78(2), 376–396. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01004.x
  • Siegal, M., Varley, R., & Want, S. (2001). Mind over grammar: Reasoning in aphasia and development. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5(7), 296–301. doi: 10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01667-3
  • Slaughter, V., & Gopnik, A. (1996). Conceptual coherence in the child’s theory of mind: Training children to understand belief. Child Development, 67(6), 2767–2788. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01898.x
  • Southgate, V., Senju, A., & Csibra, G. (2007). Action anticipation through attribution of false belief by two-year olds. Psychological Science, 18(7), 587–592. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01944.x
  • Surian, L., Caldi, S., & Sperber, D. (2007). Attribution of beliefs to 13-month-old infants. Psychological Science, 18(7), 580–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01943.x Tardif, T., Wellman, H. M., & Cheung, K. M. (2004). False belief understanding in Cantonese-speaking children. Journal of Child Language, 31(4), 779-800. doi: 10.1017/S0305000904006580
  • Tomasello, M. (2009). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Trueswell, J. C. & Papafragou, A. (2010). Perceiving and remembering events cross-linguistically: Evidence from dual-task paradigms. Journal of Memory and Language, 63(1), 64-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2010.02.006
  • Ünal, E., & Papafragou, A. (2016a). Interactions between language and mental representations. Language Learning, 66(3), 554-580.doi: 10.1111/lang.12188
  • Ünal, E. & Papafragou, A. (2016b). Production–comprehension asymmetries and the acquisition of evidential morphology. Journal of Memory and Language, 89, 179–99. doi:10.1016/j.jml.2015.12.001.
  • Ünal, E., Pinto, A., Bunger, A. & Papafragou, A. (2016). Monitoring sources of event memories: A cross-linguistic investigation. Journal of Memory and Language, 87, 157-176. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2015.10.009
  • Varley, R., & Siegal, M. (2000). Evidence for cognition without grammar from causal reasoning and ‘theory of mind’ in an agrammatic aphasic patient. Current Biology, 10(12), 723–726. doi: 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00538-8
  • Varley, R., Siegal, M., & Want, S. C. (2001). Severe impairment in grammar does not preclude theory of mind. Neurocase, 7(6), 489-493. doi: 10.1093/neucas/7.6.489
  • de Villiers, P. (2005). The role of language in theory-of-mind development: What deaf children tell us. J. W. Astington & J. A. Baird (Yay. haz.), Why language matters for theory of mind içinde (s. 266–297). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • de Villiers, J. (2007). The interface of language and theory of mind. Lingua, 117(11), 1858-1878. doi: 10.1016/j.lingua.2006.11.006
  • de Villiers, J. G., & de Villiers, P. A.. (2000). Linguistic determinism and the understanding of false beliefs. P. Mitchell & K. Riggs (Yay haz.), Children’s reasoning and the mind içinde (s. 189–226). Hove, England: Psychology Press.
  • de Villiers, J. G., & de Villiers, P. A. (2009). Complements Enable Representation of the Contents of False Beliefs: The Evolution of a Theory of Theory of Mind. S. Foster-Cohen (Yay. haz.), Language Acquisition içinde (s. 169–195). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1057/9780230240780_8
  • Wellman, H. M. (1990). The child's theory of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Wellman, H. M. (2014). Making Minds: How Theory of Mind Develops. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Wellman, H.M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). A meta-analysis of theory of mind development: The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72(3), 655-684. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00304
  • Winawer, J., Witthoft, N., Frank, M. C., Wu, L., Wade, A. R., & Boroditsky, L. (2007). Russian blues reveal effects of language on color discrimination. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(19), 7780-7785. doi:10.1073/pnas.0701644104
  • Wolff, P. M. & Holmes, K. J. (2011). Linguistic relativity. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 2(3), 253-265. doi:10.1002/wcs.104
  • Woolfe, T., Want, S. C., & Siegal, M. (2002). Signposts to development: Theory of mind in deaf children. Child Development, 73(3), 768–778. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00437
APA Ünal E, Baturlar Ö (2020). Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. , 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
Chicago Ünal Ercenur,Baturlar Özge Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. (2020): 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
MLA Ünal Ercenur,Baturlar Özge Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. , 2020, ss.123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
AMA Ünal E,Baturlar Ö Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. . 2020; 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
Vancouver Ünal E,Baturlar Ö Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. . 2020; 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
IEEE Ünal E,Baturlar Ö "Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili." , ss.123 - 140, 2020. 10.18492/dad.676900
ISNAD Ünal, Ercenur - Baturlar, Özge. "Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili". (2020), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.676900
APA Ünal E, Baturlar Ö (2020). Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(1), 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
Chicago Ünal Ercenur,Baturlar Özge Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 31, no.1 (2020): 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
MLA Ünal Ercenur,Baturlar Özge Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol.31, no.1, 2020, ss.123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
AMA Ünal E,Baturlar Ö Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020; 31(1): 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
Vancouver Ünal E,Baturlar Ö Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili. Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020; 31(1): 123 - 140. 10.18492/dad.676900
IEEE Ünal E,Baturlar Ö "Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili." Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31, ss.123 - 140, 2020. 10.18492/dad.676900
ISNAD Ünal, Ercenur - Baturlar, Özge. "Zihinsel Durumların Dilde ve Bilişte Temsili". Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 31/1 (2020), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.676900