Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics

BEKTAŞ, Hakan; YILDIRIM, Nurtaç; Susam, Nazan

Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics

Nazan SUSAM, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fakülte İktisat, Maliye Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Nurtaç YILDIRIM, (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fakülte İktisat, İktisat Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Hakan BEKTAŞ (İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fakülte Ekonomi, Ekonometri Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye)

İstanbul İktisat Dergisi

1 0

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 71 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 1 - 19 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 10-11-2021

Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics

Öz:

Monetary National Income Analog Computer (MONIAC) is ahydraulic machine that we can describe as an analog simulatormodeling macroeconomic relationships. It was invented by thefamous economist A. W. Phillips in 1949 and produced in limitednumbers. The circulation of water in the machine shows thecirculation of money in the economy. The economic behaviorsof units such as households, firms, government, export, andimport segments, and the economic variables by which thesebehaviors are affected can be observed while the water circulatesthe machine. The working principle of this machine reflectsthe assumptions of both Keynesian and Classical economicsschools regarding economic functioning. The machine wasbrought to Istanbul University Faculty of Economics in the 1950s,by Prof. Dr. Besim Ustunel, one of the late faculty members. Asensational scientific production for the international academiccommunity at that time, thus, was brought to Turkey in a veryshort period of time. The fact that the machine was introduced toTurkish higher education shortly after its invention is an importantindicator of the ability of the Faculty of Economics to adapt tocurrent scientific developments. Although MONIAC has been reoperational with a project initiated by the Faculty of Economicsin 2017, it is not possible to use the machine actively in lessonstoday, which used to be one of its primary functions. However,based on this analog machine, the digital simulation that we carryout within the scope of the project can be used as an educationaltool. MONIAC, in its restored original form, has been preservedby the Faculty of Economics as a historical value of the Faculty

Anahtar Kelime:

Milli Gelir Hesaplama Makinesi (Moniac): İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi’ndeki Tarihsel Süreci

Öz:

Parasal Milli Gelir Analog Bilgisayarı (MONIAC), makro ekonomik ilişkileri modelleyen bir analog simülatör olarak tanımlayabileceğimiz hidrolik bir makinedir. Ünlü iktisatçı A.W. Phillips tarafından 1949’da icat edilmiş ve sınırlı sayıda üretilmiştir. Makinede su sirkülasyonu, ekonomideki paranın dolaşımınıgösterir. Su makineyi dolaştırırken hanehalkı, firmalar, devlet, ihracat ve ithalat segmentleri gibi birimlerin ekonomik davranışları ve bu davranışların etkilediği ekonomik değişkenler gözlemlenebilmektedir. Bu makinenin çalışma prensibi hem Keynesyen hem de Klasik iktisat okullarının ekonomik işleyişle ilgili varsayımlarını yansıtmaktadır. Makine 1950’li yıllarda, emekli öğretim üyelerinden Prof. Dr. Besim Üstünel tarafından İstanbul Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi’ne getirildi. O dönemde uluslararası akademik camiada sansasyonel bir bilimsel üretim olan makine, böylelikle çok kısa sürede Türkiye’ye getirilmiş oldu. Makinenin icadından çok kısa bir süre sonra Türk yüksek öğrenimine dahil edilmesi, İktisat Fakültesi’nin güncel bilimsel gelişmelere uyum sağlama yeteneğinin önemli bir göstergesidir. MONIAC, İktisat Fakültesi tarafından 2017 yılında başlatılan bir proje ile yeniden faaliyete geçmesine rağmen, eskiden temel işlevlerinden biri olan derslerde aktif kullanımı mümkün değildir. Ancak bu analog makineden yola çıkarak proje kapsamında gerçekleştirdiğimiz dijital simülasyon bir eğitim aracı olarak kullanılabilmektedir. MONIAC, restore edilmiş orijinal haliyle, İktisat Fakültesi’nin tarihi bir değeri olarak fakülte tarafından korunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Barr, N. (2000). The History of the Phillips Machine. In R. Leeson (Ed.), A.W.H Phillips: Collected Works in Contemporary Perspective, pp.89-114, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Bollard, A. E. (2011). Man, Money, and Machines: The Contributions of A. W. Phillips. Economica, 78 (309), 1-9.
Corkhill, A. (2012). A Superb Explanatory Device: The MONIAC, an Early Hydraulic Analog Computer. University of Melbourne Collections, 10, 24-28.
Ng. T. & Wright. M. (2007). Introducing the MONIAC: an early and innovative economic model. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand Bulletin, 70 (4), 46-52
NZIER (2016). The Moniac machine is a dynamic model of a working economy. New Zealand Institute of Economics Research, Wellington, New Zealand. Available at http://nzier.org.nz/about/moniaPhillips, A. W. (1950). Mechanical Models in Economic Dynamics. Economica, 17 (67), 285-305.
Ryder, W. H. & Cavana, R. Y. (2017). A System Dynamics View of the Phillips Machine: “Chasing some Hares!”. 2nd Paper presented at the Asia-Pacific Region System Dynamics Conference of the System Dynamics Society, February 19-22, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Silverstone, B. (2012). MONIAC: Phillips Monetary National Income Analogue Computing Machine.
Special Issue of Economia Politica, December 2011 Edited by K. Vela Velupillai. Journal of Economic Surveys, 26, 968-970. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2012.00736.x

APA	Susam N, YILDIRIM N, BEKTAŞ H (2021). Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. , 1 - 19.
Chicago	Susam Nazan,YILDIRIM Nurtaç,BEKTAŞ Hakan Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. (2021): 1 - 19.
MLA	Susam Nazan,YILDIRIM Nurtaç,BEKTAŞ Hakan Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. , 2021, ss.1 - 19.
AMA	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. . 2021; 1 - 19.
Vancouver	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. . 2021; 1 - 19.
IEEE	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H "Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics." , ss.1 - 19, 2021.
ISNAD	Susam, Nazan vd. "Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics". (2021), 1-19.

APA	Susam N, YILDIRIM N, BEKTAŞ H (2021). Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 71(1), 1 - 19.
Chicago	Susam Nazan,YILDIRIM Nurtaç,BEKTAŞ Hakan Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 71, no.1 (2021): 1 - 19.
MLA	Susam Nazan,YILDIRIM Nurtaç,BEKTAŞ Hakan Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, vol.71, no.1, 2021, ss.1 - 19.
AMA	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2021; 71(1): 1 - 19.
Vancouver	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics. İstanbul İktisat Dergisi. 2021; 71(1): 1 - 19.
IEEE	Susam N,YILDIRIM N,BEKTAŞ H "Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics." İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 71, ss.1 - 19, 2021.
ISNAD	Susam, Nazan vd. "Introducing the Moniac: Its Historical Process in the Istanbul University Faculty of Economics". İstanbul İktisat Dergisi 71/1 (2021), 1-19.