Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 104 - 121 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002 İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Economic growth and smart farming

Öz:
Agriculture is of vital importance for each country around the world. Changes in technology affect the methods and tools of agricultural activities. In line with Industry 4.0, agricultural sectors have been experiencing technological developments. Especially, the Internet of Things has enormous influences on agricultural applications in terms of data collecting, analyses, increasing productivity and fertility, future predictions, etc. The main objective of this article is to discuss the importance and effects of smart farming applications. Its examples worldwide show that higher rates of profit and productivity can be achieved through relatively smaller areas. Also, given that certain examples of smart farming applications and trials of new methods such as drone crop spraying, smart soilless agriculture solutions have been implemented in Turkey. In addition, the increase in productivity in the agricultural sector due to smart agricultural practices contributes significantly to countries’ GDP. Consequently, it is argued that smart farming applications offer a significant rate of productivity and profit despite their challenges. This study aims to explain agricultural technology and its applications after addressing the technological developments in the agricultural sector.
Anahtar Kelime: The Internet of Things Agricultural Technology Smart Agriculture Economic Growth

Ekonomik büyüme ve akıllı tarım

Öz:
Tarım, dünyadaki her ülke için hayati öneme sahiptir. Teknolojideki değişiklikler tarımsal faaliyetlerin yöntem ve araçlarını etkilemektedir. Endüstri 4.0 ile uyumlu olarak tarım sektörlerinde teknolojik gelişmeler yaşamaktadır. Özellikle Nesnelerin İnternetinin veri toplama, analiz, üretkenlik ve verimlilikte artış, geleceğe yönelik tahminler vb. açısından oldukça önemli etkileri vardır. Bu makalenin temel amacı akıllı tarım uygulamalarının önemini ve etkilerini tartışmaktır. Dünyadan verilen örnekler, daha küçük alanlarda daha yüksek kâr ve verimlilik elde edilebileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, drone ile ilaçlama, akıllı topraksız tarım çözümleri gibi yeni metotların denemelerinin ve akıllı tarım uygulamalarının bazı örneklerinin Türkiye’de uygulandığı belirtilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, akıllı tarım uygulamalarının çeşitli zorluklarına rağmen önemli bir verimlilik ve kâr oranı sunduğu öne sürülmektedir. Ayrıca akıllı tarım uygulamalarının sonucu tarım sektöründe gerçekleşen verimlilik artışı ülkelerin hasılasına da önemli katkılar sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarım sektöründeki teknolojik gelişmeleri ele aldıktan sonra tarım teknolojisini ve uygulamalarını açıklamaktır.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Acemoğlu, D. (2007). Introduction to Modern Economic Growth. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Erişim adresi: https://www.theigc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/acemoglu-2007.pdf
  • Agwu, C. (2015). Factors that Contribute to Economic Growth in Nigeria. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 2(2), 487-495.
  • Andrew, R. C., Bogatinoska, D. C., & Malekian, R. (2018). IoT Solutions for Precision Agriculture. 2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 377-381. doi: 10.23919/MIPRO.2018.8400066
  • Awokuse, Titus O. (2009). Does agriculture really matter for economic growth in developing countries?, The American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Milwaukee, WI, July 28, 2009.
  • Ayaz, M., Ammad-uddin, M., Sharif, Z., Mansour, A., and Aggoune, E. H. M. (2019). Internet-of-Things (IoT) based smart agriculture: towards making the fields talk. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 129551-129583. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2932609
  • Behun, M., Gavurova, B., Tkacova, A., and Kotaskova, A. (2018). The impact of the manufacturing industry on the economic cycle of European Union countries. Journal of Competitiveness, 10(1), 23-39.
  • Berber, M. (2006). İktisadi büyüme ve kalkınma (3. ed.). Trabzon: Derya Kitabevi.
  • Brewer, A. (2010). The making of the classical theory of economic growth. London: Routledge.
  • Burgess, M. (2018). What is the Internet of Things? WIRED explains. Retrieved 10 July 2020, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/internet-of-things-what-is-explained-iot
  • Calderone, L. (2019). Monitoring & growing, precision farming. Retrieved 26 June 2020, from https://www.agritechtomorrow.com/
  • Cameron, G. (2003). Why did UK manufacturing productivity growth slowdown in the 1970s and speed up in the 1980s? Economica, 70(1), 121-141.
  • Canbay, Ş., Kırca, M. (2020). Relationships between industrial and agricultural sector activities and economic growth in Turkey: an analysis of Kaldor’s growth laws. Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches. 9(1), 143-170.
  • Coble, K. H., Ferrell, S., Griffin, T., and Mishra, A. K. (2018). Big data in agriculture: a challenge for the future. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 40(1), 79-96. doi: 10.1093/aepp/ppx056.
  • Demaitre, E. (2015). Japan’s Spread Co. builds the biggest automated lettuce farm. Robotics Business Review. Retrieved 11 June 2020, from https://www.roboticsbusinessreview.com/agriculture/ japans_spread_co_builds_the_big gest_automated_lettuce_farm/.
  • DemirelAtasoy, Z. (2019). Türkiye'de akıllı tarımın mevcut durum raporu. Ankara: Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Bitkisel Üretim Genel Müdürlüğü.
  • Derso, D., and Ejiro, E. (2015). the contribution of information and communication technologies to the Ethiopian agricultural extension system: a review of literature on agriculture knowledge management. African Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology (AJAST), 3(9), 407-411.
  • Elijah, O., Rahman, T. A., Orikumhi, I., Leow, C. Y., and Hindia, M. N. (2018). An overview of Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics in agriculture: benefits and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(5), 3758-3773.doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2018.2844296
  • Folkens, J. (2015). Building a gateway to the Internet of Things. Texas: Texas Instruments.
  • Folnovic, T. (n.d.). High-Tech farm revolution triggered by crop sensing technology. Retrieved 15 May 2020, from https://blog.agrivi.com/post/high-techfarmrevolution-triggered-by-crop-sensing-technology
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (n.d.). Climate-Smart Agriculture. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/climate-smart-agriculture/en/
  • Gleicher, D. (1982). The historical bases of physiocracy: an analysis of the "tableau economique". Science & Society. 46(3), 328-360.
  • Gollin, D., Parente, S.and Rogerson, R. (2002). The role of agriculture in development. The American Economic Review, 92(2), 160-164.
  • Guoqiang, S., Yanming, C., Chao, Z., and Yanxu, Z. (2013). Design and implementation of a smart IoT gateway. 2013 IEEE International Conference on Green Computing and Communications and IEEE Internet of Things and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing. 720-723. doi: 10.1109/GreenCom-iThingsCPSCom.2013.130
  • GÜBRETAŞ. (2016). 2016 annual report. İstanbul. Retrieved from https://gubretas.com.tr/wpcontent/uploads/2019/04/GUBRETAS_2016FR_TR_LOW.pdf
  • Harrod, R. (1947). “Keynes the Economist” in the New Economics ed. S.E. Harris. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Hazell, P. B. (2009). The Asian green revolution. Washington DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. Retrieved 10 July 2020, from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6257689.pdf
  • Heacox, L. (2008). Time for telematics. CropLife. Retrieved 10 July 2020, from https://www.croplife.com/precision/time-for-telematics/
  • HUAWEI. (2017). The connected farm: a smart agriculture market assessment. Retrieved 10 July 2020, from https://www-file.huawei.com/-/media/corporate/images/pdf/v2-smartagriculture0517.pdf?la=en
  • HUAWEI. (n.d.). Smart agriculture progress in Norway. Retrieved 3 January 2020, from https://www.huawei.com/en/industry-insights/outlook/mobilebroadband/wireless-forsustainability/cases/smart-agricultureprogress-in-norway
  • Internet of Things Türkiye, (2017). Tarımın geleceği: akıllı tarım sistemleri. Retrieved from https://ioturkiye.com/2017/06/tarimin-gelecegi-akilli-tarim-sistemleri/
  • IoT Agenda, (n.d.). Smart farming. Retrieved 13 May 2020, from https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/smart-farming
  • Izuchukwu, O. O. (2011). Analysis of the contribution of agricultural sector on the Nigerian economic development. World Review of Business Research, 1(1), 191-200.
  • Jones, C. I. (2016). “The Facts of Economic Growth” in Handbook of Macroeconomics Volume 2ed. John B. Taylor and Harald Uhlig. North Holland. doi: 10.1016/bs.hesmac.2016.03.002
  • Khan, M.A., Khan, M.Z., Zaman, K., and Khan, M.M. (2014). The evolving role of agricultural technology indicators and economic growth in rural poverty: has the ideas machine broken down?. Quality & Quantity, 48. 2007-2022.
  • Kılavuz, E., and Erdem, İ. (2019). Dünyada tarım 4.0 uygulamaları ve türk tarımının dönüşümü. Social Sciences (NWSAENS), 14(4), 133-157.Retrieved 6 March 2020, fromhttps://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/articlefile/840914
  • Kılıçarslan, O. and Dinç, O. (2007).Türkiye ekonomisinde teknolojive veri transferi, GAU J. Soc. & Appl. Sci., 3(5), 73-75.
  • Koç, A. (2013). Beşeri sermaye ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi: yatay kesit analizi ile AB ülkeleri bir değerlendirme. Maliye Dergisi, 165, 241-252.
  • Kopuk, E., and Meçik, O. (2020). Türkiye’de imalat sanayi ve tarım sektörlerinin ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: 1998-2020 dönemi analizi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 263-274. doi: 10.18657/yonveek.693387.
  • Kruize, J., Wolfert, J., Scholten, H., Verdouw, C., Kassahun, A., and Beulens, A. (2016). A reference architecture for farm software ecosystems. Computers and Electonics in Agriculture, 125, 12-28. doi:10.1016/j.compag.2016.04.011
  • Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. (2019). Summary of the annual report on food, agriculture and rural areas in Japan. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. Retrieved 3 January 2020, from https://maff.go.jp/e/data/publish/attach/pdf/index160.pdf
  • Mohamed, A. K. W. (2013). Analysis of telematics systems in agriculture. Master’s thesis, Department of Machinery, Utilization, CULS, Prague Retrieved from https://www.bu.edu.eg/portal/uploads/ Agriculture/Agricultural%20Engineering/1222/publications/Ahmed%20Khaled%20Abd%20ElWahab%20M ohamed_Ahmed%20Khaled%20Abd%20El-Wahab%20Mohamed.pdf
  • Müller, A. (1978). Quesnay's theory of growth: A Comment. Oxford Economic Papers, 30(1), 150-156.
  • NewGenApps. (2018). IoT ecosystem components: the complete connectivity layer. Retrieved 28 May 2020, from https://www.newgenapps.com/blog/iotecosystem-components-the-completeconnectivity-layer/
  • OECD-FAO. (2019). OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2019-2028. Paris/Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United Nations, Rome: OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/agr_outlook-2019-en
  • Ramsey, F. P. (1928). A mathematical theory of saving. The Economic Journal, 38(152), 543-559.
  • RF Page. (2018). What are the Major Components of Internet of Things? RF Page. Retrieved 10 January 2020, from https://www.rfpage.com/what-are-the-major-components-ofinternet-ofthings/
  • Sarker, M. N., Wu, M., Chanthamith, B., Yusufzada, S., Li, D., and Zhang, J. (n.d.). Big Data Driven Smart Agriculture: Pathway for Sustailable Development. 2019 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (ICAIBD), 60-65. doi:10.1109/ICAIBD.2019.8836982
  • Saygılı, F., Kaya, A. A., Tunalı Çalışkan, E., and Erdölek Kozal, Ö. (2019). Türk tarımının global entegrasyonu ve tarım 4.0. Retrieved from https://itb.org.tr/img/userfiles/files/ITB%20TARIM.pdf?v=1550751511711
  • Schriber, S. (n.d.). Smart agriculture sensors: helping small farmers and positively impacting global issues. Mouser Electronics. Retrieved 13 May 2020, from https://www.mouser.com.tr/applications/smartagriculture-sensors/
  • Self, S. and Grabowski, R. (2007). Economic development and the role of agricultural technology. Agricultural Economics, 36, 395-404.
  • Sertoğlu, K., Ugural, S., and Bekun, F.V. (2017). The contribution of agricultural sector on economic growth of Nigeria. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 7(1), 547-552.
  • Snowdon, B., and Vane, H. R. (2005). Modern macroeconomics: its origins, development and current state. Cheltenham: E. Elgar.
  • Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Swan, T. W. (1956). Economic growth and capital accumulation. The Economic Record, 32(2), 334-361.
  • Szostak, R. (2009). The causes of economic growth: interdisciplinary perspectives. Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Taban, S., and Kar, M. (2016). Kalkınma ekonomisi. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi.
  • TABİT. (n.d.). Vodafone Smart Village Project. Retrieved from http://www.en.tabit.com.tr/Sayfa/29/ Projects.aspx
  • Thirtle, C., Lin, L. and Piesse, J. (2003). The impact of research led agricultural productivity growth on poverty reduction in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Contributed paper for the 25th conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists. Durban.
  • TURKCELL Medya, (2019). Dijital Tarımda Yerli ve Milli Ürün "Filiz". Retrieved 10 July 2020, fromhttps://medya.turkcell.com.tr/bulletins/dijital-tarimda-yerli-ve-milli-urun-filiz/
  • Tümen, S., and Özertan, G. (2020). Katma değerin artırılması, inovasyon ve dijital tarım. İstanbul: TÜSİAD.
  • Türkiye'nin Endüstri 4.0 Platformu, (2019). Retrieved 10 July 2020, from https://www.endustri40.com/endustri4-0la-birliktegelenakilli-tarim/
  • TÜSİAD. (2017). Türkiye'nin sanayide dijital dönüşüm yetkinliği. İstanbul: TÜSİAD. Retrieved from https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/9864-tusiad-bcg-turkiye-nin-sanayide-dijital-donusum-yetkinligi
  • TÜSİAD. (2020). Tarım ve gıda 2020: sürdürülebilir büyüme bağlamında tarım ve gıda sektörünün analizi. İstanbul: TÜSİAD. Retrieved from https://tusiad.org/tr/yayinlar/raporlar/item/10544-tarim-ve-gida-2020- surdurulebilir-buyume-baglaminda-tarim-ve-gida-sektorunun-analizi
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2019). World Population Prospects 2019. New York: United Nations. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
  • Vermesan, O., Friess, P., Guillemin, P., Giaffreda, R., Grindvoll, H., Eisenhauer, M., Serrano, M.,Moessner, K., Spirito, M., Blystad, L., and Tragos, E. Z. (2015). “Internet of Things beyond the hype: research, innovation and deployment” in building the hyperconnected society: IoT research and innovation value chains, ecosystems and marketsed. O. Vermesan and P.Friess. Aalborg: River Publishers.
  • Yokogawa. (n.d.). Definition of sensor and sensing technology. Retrieved 14 May 2020, from https://www.yokogawa.com/special/sensing-technology/
  • Yong, Ronald A. (1994). Physiocracy: A viewpoint of the role of agricultural production in a macroeconomic system. Master’s thesis, University of Montana. Retrieved 7 February 2021 from https://scholarworks.umt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9709&context=etd
  • Zambon, I., Cecchini, M., Egidi, G., Saporito, M. G., and Colantoni, A. (2019). Revolution 4.0: industry vs. agriculture in a future development for SMEs. Processes, 7(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7010036
APA Gönay Akbaş G, BAĞCI A (2021). Economic growth and smart farming. , 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
Chicago Gönay Akbaş Gizem,BAĞCI AHMET Economic growth and smart farming. (2021): 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
MLA Gönay Akbaş Gizem,BAĞCI AHMET Economic growth and smart farming. , 2021, ss.104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
AMA Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A Economic growth and smart farming. . 2021; 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
Vancouver Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A Economic growth and smart farming. . 2021; 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
IEEE Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A "Economic growth and smart farming." , ss.104 - 121, 2021. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
ISNAD Gönay Akbaş, Gizem - BAĞCI, AHMET. "Economic growth and smart farming". (2021), 104-121. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
APA Gönay Akbaş G, BAĞCI A (2021). Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7(2), 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
Chicago Gönay Akbaş Gizem,BAĞCI AHMET Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 7, no.2 (2021): 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
MLA Gönay Akbaş Gizem,BAĞCI AHMET Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, vol.7, no.2, 2021, ss.104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
AMA Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi. 2021; 7(2): 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
Vancouver Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A Economic growth and smart farming. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi. 2021; 7(2): 104 - 121. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
IEEE Gönay Akbaş G,BAĞCI A "Economic growth and smart farming." Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 7, ss.104 - 121, 2021. 10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002
ISNAD Gönay Akbaş, Gizem - BAĞCI, AHMET. "Economic growth and smart farming". Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi 7/2 (2021), 104-121. https://doi.org/10.30855/gjeb.2021.7.2.002