Sokoto Caliphate was founded in 1804 by Shehu Usmanu Danfodiyo, (1754- 1817), with its headquarters at Sokoto, northern Nigeria. It influences however, extended to all areas of West African sub-region and survived to 1903 when the British forces invaded and occupied Sokoto, the seat of the Caliphate. However, its relevance and legacies in terms of administrative acumen, social and economic policies as well as inventions in science and technology remain relevant for contemporary emulation. The concern of this article is on its administrative structure, check and balances and separation of powers for administrative expediency. One of the strongest reasons for the failure or flop of powers and governments in human history has been concentration of too much power in the hands of an individual or group in a given system. Thus, abuse of power and exploiting it to serve the naïve interest of the powerful to the detriment of the majority citizens who, in most cases, are oppressed and browbeaten characterized tyrannical government, which consequently end up in chaos and pandemonium. It was in recognition of this obvious historical reality that the Sokoto Jihad leaders after the takeover of Hausa governments ensured all efforts and measures for stable power equation in the Caliphate, which did not allow the emergence of dictators, or authoritarian leaders. Power was not separated between the executive, Judiciary, the military and the Council of Shura, but equitably proportioned and collaborated for effective leadership and equitable dispensation of justice. Through this medium people’s opinion were heard and listened to in affairs that affects the day to day running of government, and leaders were subjected to public analysis on all matters of public interest. Similarly, the judiciary, and the hisbah, were integrated in such a way that all, including the Caliph and Chief Judge could be brought before the law and to face justice; the same as the judges’ judgments could be appealed at various levels to redress any miscarriage of justice. Indeed, all arms and arteries of power in the Caliphate were ensured with checks and balances to avoid abuse, thus making the administration of the Sokoto Caliphate on a balanced template for a century. The system of the Sokoto Caliphate therefore, gives and serves as a milestone for the Muslim societies in search of practical and egalitarian system in the contemporary global challenges.