Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri

Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33 Sayfa Aralığı: 42 - 64 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 04-02-2022

Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri

Öz:
Ülkelerin hukuk sistemlerine, politik,ekonomik ve kültürel yapılarına bağlı olarakşekillenen planlama sistemleri, temelindeproje bazlı-esnek ve plan bazlı-sıkı (katı) planlama olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. İkifarklı yaklaşımla gelişen planlamanın, her ikiyaklaşımında da çeşitli sorunlarlakarşılaşılmıştır (Türk ve Özkan, 2012, s.71-72). Sıkı planlama yaklaşımıylahazırlanan kentsel gelişim/imar planlarındaplan kararlarının kentlerin dönüşen, değişen,dinamik yapılarına uymakta ve ihtiyaçlarınacevap vermekte yetersiz kaldığıgörülmektedir. Esnek planlama sistemindeise plan kararlarının yasal olarak bağlayıcıolmaması ve bu kararların mekanayansıtılmasında yetersiz kalması başlıcasorunları oluşturmaktadır. Mimarlık, şehir planlama ve ilgili diğerdisiplinler arasında bir arayüz olarak görevüstlenen kentsel tasarım disiplinininplanlamanın sorunlarına çözüm olabileceğiöngörülmüştür. Bu noktada beliren bir diğersorun ise planlamaya bu disiplinin ilkelerininnasıl entegre edileceğiydi. Bahsedilenentegrasyonun kentsel tasarımı kamusalpolitika aracı olarak kullanaraksağlanabileceği ortaya konmuştur. Bir diğerdeyişle, kentsel tasarım kriterlerinin kamusalpolitika niteliğinde planlarda yer alması,kentsel tasarımın planlama sistemineentegrasyonunu sağlayacaktır. Kentlerin gelişiminde yaşanan sorunlaraplanlamayla çözüm getirme arayışı içerisindeplanlamanın eksikliklerinin saptanması, bueksikliklerin giderilmesinde planlamasistemlerinin yapısal durumlarınınincelenmesi, kamusal politikalarınplanlamanın içindeki yeri ve etkisi, vebunlara ek olarak da kentsel tasarımniteliklerinin kamusal politika olarakplanlamayla entegrasyonunu temelindebarından bu çalışma, esnek planlamasistemini kentlerin gelişmesindeki başarısınısorgulayarak bu sistemlerin uygulandığı ikikentin planlarını incelemektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Esnek Planlama Sisteminde Kamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri

Öz:
In this study, contributions of urban design to urban planning and relations between urban design and urban planning havebeen examined. Especially, problems like difficulties in reflecting planning decisions of flexible planning approach to urbanplaces, inequalities since the flexible planning system is based on appreciation, and also possible political pressures within thissystem, increase the importance of urban design as public policies within flexible planning approach. In this context, theimportance of urban design as public policies within flexible planning approach has been the subject of this study.First of all, a literature review has been done on planning approaches and systems. Planning systems that are shaped byjudicial system, political, economic, and cultural constitutions of the countries, are basically classified in two groups;flexible (project-based) and strict (plan-based) planning. There are several problems faced in both planning approaches.Planning decisions within the plans prepared with strict planning approach are most of the time insufficient in responding tothe needs of the cities’ dynamic, variable and transformative constitutions. Flexible planning systems, on the other hand, arenot legally binding and also insufficient in applying the planning decisions. The problems of both systems would be solvedby making those systems coming closer to each other. At this point urban design discipline step which takes on the task as aninterface between architecture, urban planning, and other relevant disciplines. Integration of urban design as public policieswith urban planning would provide flexibility in strict planning approach and certainty in flexible planning approach.Vienna which has been chosen as the most livable city in the world for the last 10 years, is a city that uses a Germanplanning system. The difference of German Family within planning systems is that even if it is strict planning approach itincludes flexibility. In other words, it is a system in which two planning approaches come closer. Although contributions ofplanning systems to livability is another subject of study, it can be claimed that this situation is not a coincidence. It can besaid that including both approaches of planning in the same system would have positive effects on the livability and qualityof places.Then, the effects of urban design as public policies on flexible planning approach have been investigated. What kind ofcontributions would be provided to the cities by including urban design policies within urban development plans have beensearched. Capital cities of two countries that have the same planning approach applied in different ways have been the issue ofthis research. In this context, urban development plans of the capital city of North Ireland, Belfast, and the capital city ofNorth Cyprus, Nicosia have been investigated through urban design policies within the plans, and their reflections on urbanplaces have been illustrated. Through the literature review, a matrix has been generated with urban design dimensions and principles. The matrix has beenused for comparing urban development plans of Nicosia and Belfast in terms of planning policies related with urban design.As a result of the comparison, it has been understood that there are few policies related with urban design in Nicosia MasterPlan (urban development plan) and they are advisory and uncertain policies. So that it can easily be observed that the city hasno legibility, imageability, sense of closure in its urban places and also devoid of place perception. Belfast’s development plan,on the other hand, includes four policies related to urban design with various detailed items reflecting local properties. Thepolicies are applied through guidelines which are prepared according to the concerns of those policies. The reflections of thosepolicies can be observed in Belfast city’s residential areas and commercial corridors. Continuity, harmony of variety, widepavements, and landscape elements provide more livable and quality urban places compared to Nicosia. The comparison ofthe two cities has proved and highlighted the importance of integrating urban design into local urban development plans aspublic policies.In conclusion, it has been said that urban design as public policies would provide spatial, environmental, social, functional,and economic contributions to planning especially to flexible planning with uncertain and not legally binding policies.In line with all arguments and searches, it has been proposed that North Cyprus’s flexible planning system should becomestricter to be more successful in generating high-quality urban places. Government should share planning responsibilities withlocal administration, and local administration should be able to make their own local urban development plans within alegislative frame
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA istillozlu e (2021). Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. , 42 - 64.
Chicago istillozlu elda Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. (2021): 42 - 64.
MLA istillozlu elda Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. , 2021, ss.42 - 64.
AMA istillozlu e Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. . 2021; 42 - 64.
Vancouver istillozlu e Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. . 2021; 42 - 64.
IEEE istillozlu e "Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri." , ss.42 - 64, 2021.
ISNAD istillozlu, elda. "Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri". (2021), 42-64.
APA istillozlu e (2021). Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. Tasarım+Kuram, 17(33), 42 - 64.
Chicago istillozlu elda Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. Tasarım+Kuram 17, no.33 (2021): 42 - 64.
MLA istillozlu elda Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. Tasarım+Kuram, vol.17, no.33, 2021, ss.42 - 64.
AMA istillozlu e Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. Tasarım+Kuram. 2021; 17(33): 42 - 64.
Vancouver istillozlu e Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri. Tasarım+Kuram. 2021; 17(33): 42 - 64.
IEEE istillozlu e "Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri." Tasarım+Kuram, 17, ss.42 - 64, 2021.
ISNAD istillozlu, elda. "Esnek Planlama SistemindeKamusal Politika Olarak Kentsel Tasarımın Önemi: Lefkoşa ve Belfast Örnekleri". Tasarım+Kuram 17/33 (2021), 42-64.