Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19
Yıl: 2021 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 163 - 170 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 İndeks Tarihi: 18-02-2022
Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19
Öz: Objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes various neurological manifestations such as seizure and alteration of consciousness. The effect of COVID-19 on epilepsy is limited. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on seizure frequency and severity of patients with epilepsy and the effect of COVID-19 treatment on seizures. Methods: Patients followed by the epilepsy outpatient unit were evaluated for COVID-19 between April 2020 and April 2021 and the patients who had COVID-19 were undertaken to the study. The age, gender, epilepsy type, duration of epilepsy, seizures in the past year, comorbidity disease, the date of COVID-19, COVID-19 treatment, inpatient care, need of intensive care, seizures in the meantime, treatment of antiepileptic drugs (AED), and seizure frequency and severity after COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: A total of 141 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were recruited for the study. When evaluating the factors which affect seizure occurrence risk during COVID-19, it was found that COVID-19 treatment protocol did not affect, but the existence of seizure in the past year increased 4.002 times, need for inpatient care increased 12.481 times, and number of AED increased 1.974 times seizure risk. It was found that having seizure during COVID-19 increased after COVID-19 seizure frequency and severity. Conclusion: As a result, the data of the study showed that the factors which affect having seizure during COVID-19 were inpatient care, the number of AED, and existence of seizure in the past year. The studies which included larger patients and longer follow-up time data are needed to evaluate the longer effect of COVID-19 on epilepsy.
Anahtar Kelime: COVID-19 Geçiren Epilepsi Hastalarında Nöbet Sıklığı ve Şiddetinin İncelenmesi
Öz: Amaç: Coronavirüs hastalığı (COVID-19) nöbet, bilinç değişikliği gibi çeşitli nörolojik bulgulara neden olabilmektedir. COVID-19’un epilepsi üzerine etkisi ile ilgili veri sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda COVID-19’un epilepsi hastalarındaki nöbet sıklık ve şiddetinde neden olduğu değişiklikler ve kullanılan COVID-19 tedavisinin nöbetler üzerine etkisinin araştırılması planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma için epilepsi polikliniğinde takip edilen hastalar Nisan 2020-Nisan 2021 yılları arasında COVID-19 hastalığı açısından sorgulandı ve COVID-19 geçirdiği tespit edilen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, epilepsi tipi, epilepsi süresi, son bir yılda nöbet varlığı, komorbid hastalık varlığı, COVID-19 geçirme tarihi, COVID-19 tedavisi, hastane yatışı, yoğun bakım tedavi gereksinimi, bu sürede epileptik nöbet öyküsü, antiepileptik ilaçlar (AEİ) tedavisi ve sonrasında nöbet sıklık ve şiddetinde artış durumu retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: COVID-19 geçirdiği tespit edilen toplam 141 epilepsi hastası çalışmaya dahil edildi. COVID-19 sürecinde nöbet geçirme riskini etkileyen faktörler incelendiğinde, COVID-19 tedavi protokollerinin etkisinin olmadığı ancak hastaların son bir yılda nöbet varlığının 4.022 kat, hastane yatış durumunun 12.481 kat ve kullanılan AEİ sayısının ise 1.974 kat nöbet geçirme riskini artırdığı tespit edildi. COVID-19 hastalığı sonrasında nöbet sıklığı ve şiddetini artıran faktörün ise COVID-19 hastalığı süresince nöbet geçirme olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmada elde edilen veriler, COVID-19 sürecinde nöbet geçirme risk faktörlerinin hastane yatışı, kullanılan AEİ sayısı ve son bir yılda nöbet varlığı olduğunu gösterdi. COVID-19’un epilepsi üzerine uzun süreli etkilerinin incelenmesi için, daha geniş hasta serilerinin olduğu ve daha uzun süreli takip verilerini içeren çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Fonseca E, Quintana M, Lallana S, Luis Restrepo J, Abraira L, Santamarina E, et al. Epilepsy in time of COVID-19: a survey-based study. Acta Neurol Scand 2020;142(6):545−54.
- 2. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Available at: https:// covid19.who.int/ accessed May 17, 2021.
- 3. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) Genel Bilgiler, Epidemiyoloji ve Tanı, Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39551/0/covid-19rehberigenelbilgilerepidemiyolojivetanipdf.pdf. accessed May 18, 2021.
- 4. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı COVID-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ accessed May 18, 2021.
- 5. French JA, Brodie MJ, Caraballo R, Devinsky O, Ding D, Jehi L, et al. Keeping people with epilepsy safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurology 2020;94(23):1032−7.
- 6. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020;11(7):995−8.
- 7. Nath A. Neurologic complications of coronavirus infections. Neurology 2020;94(19):809−10.
- 8. Asadi-Pooya AA, Emami A, Akbari A, Javanmardi F. COVID-19 presentations and outcome in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2021;143(6):624−8.
- 9. Huang S, Wu C, Jia Y, Li G, Zhu Z, Lu K, et al. COVID-19 outbreak: the impact of stress on seizures in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 2020;61(9):1884−93.
- 10. Narula N, Joseph R, Katyal N, Daouk A, Acharya S, Avula A, et al. Seizure and COVID-19: Association and review of potential mechanism. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res 2020;38:49−53.
- 11. Bosak M, Mazurkiewicz I, Wężyk K, Słowik A, Turaj W. COVID-19 among patients with epilepsy: Risk factors and course of the disease. Epilepsy Behav 2021;120:107996
- 12. Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia 2017;58(4):522−30.
- 13. Koc G, Keskin Guler S, Karadas O, Yoldas T, Gokcil Z. Fetal safety of levetiracetam use during pregnancy. Acta Neurol Belg 2018;118(3):503−8.
- 14. Zeng C, Meng H, Zhu Y, Yao L, Lian Y, Zhu Y, et al. Correlation of seizure increase and COVID-19 outbreak in adult patients with epilepsy: findings and suggestions from a Nationwide Multi-centre Survey in China. Seizure 2021;88:102−8.
- 15. Koç G, Karadaş Ö, Eroğlu E, Gökçil Z. The role of add-on lacosamide therapy in the treatment of focal onset epilepsy. Epilepsi 2017;23(3):103−8.
- 16. Assenza G, Lanzone J, Brigo F, Coppola A, Di Gennaro G, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Epilepsy care in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: risk factors for seizure worsening. Front Neurol 2020;11:737.
- 17. Arbune AA, Jeppesen J, Conradsen I, Ryvlin P, Beniczky S. Peri-ictal heart rate variability parameters as surrogate markers of seizure severity. Epilepsia 2020;61(Suppl 1):S55−60.
- 18. Asadi-Pooya AA. Seizures associated with coronavirus infections. Seizure 2020;79:49−52.
- 19. Kubota T, Kuroda N. Exacerbation of neurological symptoms and COVID-19 severity in patients with preexisting neurological disorders and COVID-19: a systematic review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021;200:106349.
- 20. Sanchez-Larsen A, Gonzalez-Villar E, Díaz-Maroto I, Layos-Romero A, Martínez-Martín Á, Alcahut-Rodriguez C, et al. Influence of the COVID-19 outbreak in people with epilepsy: analysis of a Spanish population (EPICOVID registry). Epilepsy Behav 2020;112:107396.
- 21. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020;323(13):1239−42.
- 22. Cabezudo-García P, Ciano-Petersen NL, Mena-Vázquez N, PonsPons G, Castro-Sánchez MV, Serrano-Castro PJ. Incidence and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with active epilepsy. Neurology 2020;95(10):e1417−25.
- 23. Granata T, Bisulli F, Arzimanoglou A, Rocamora R. Did the COVID-19 pandemic silence the needs of people with epilepsy? Epileptic Disord 2020;22(4):439−42.
- 24. Nüfus İstatistikleri. Available at: http://www.tuik.gov.tr accessed May 23.
- 25. Asadi-Pooya AA, Shahisavandi M, Sadeghian S, Nezafat A, Nabavizadeh SA, Barzegar Z. Is the risk of COVID-19 contraction increased in patients with epilepsy? Epilepsy Behav 2021;115:107734.
- 26. Zaidan M, Legendre C. solid organ transplantation in the era of COVID-19: lessons from France. Transplantation 2021;105(1):61−6.
- 27. Shumiloff NA, Lam WM, Manasco KB. Adrenocorticotropic hormone for the treatment of West Syndrome in children. Ann Pharmacother 2013;47(5):744−54.
- 28. Asadi-Pooya AA, Simani L, Shahisavandi M, Barzegar Z. COVID-19, de novo seizures, and epilepsy: a systematic review. Neurol Sci 2021;42(2):415−31.
- 29. Lu L, Xiong W, Liu D, Liu J, Yang D, Li N, et al. New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective multicenter study. Epilepsia 2020;61(6):e49−53.
- 30. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol 2020;77(6):683−90.
- 31. Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, Bahloul A, Elzein F, Matin MA, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2014;29:301−6.
- 32. Balestrini S, Koepp MJ, Gandhi S, Rickman HM, Shin GY, Houlihan CF, et al. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in longterm care facilities for people with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021;115:107602.
- 33. Kuroda N. Epilepsy and COVID-19: Updated evidence and narrative review. Epilepsy Behav 2021;116:107785.
| APA | Güçlü Altun İ, Koc G, Özen Barut B, Gökçil Z (2021). Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. , 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| Chicago | Güçlü Altun İlknur,Koc Guray,Özen Barut Banu,Gökçil Zeki Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. (2021): 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| MLA | Güçlü Altun İlknur,Koc Guray,Özen Barut Banu,Gökçil Zeki Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. , 2021, ss.163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| AMA | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. . 2021; 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| Vancouver | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. . 2021; 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| IEEE | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z "Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19." , ss.163 - 170, 2021. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| ISNAD | Güçlü Altun, İlknur vd. "Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19". (2021), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| APA | Güçlü Altun İ, Koc G, Özen Barut B, Gökçil Z (2021). Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. Epilepsi, 27(3), 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| Chicago | Güçlü Altun İlknur,Koc Guray,Özen Barut Banu,Gökçil Zeki Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. Epilepsi 27, no.3 (2021): 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| MLA | Güçlü Altun İlknur,Koc Guray,Özen Barut Banu,Gökçil Zeki Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. Epilepsi, vol.27, no.3, 2021, ss.163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| AMA | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. Epilepsi. 2021; 27(3): 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| Vancouver | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19. Epilepsi. 2021; 27(3): 163 - 170. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| IEEE | Güçlü Altun İ,Koc G,Özen Barut B,Gökçil Z "Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19." Epilepsi, 27, ss.163 - 170, 2021. 10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
| ISNAD | Güçlü Altun, İlknur vd. "Evaluation of the Seizure Frequency and Severity in Patients with Epilepsy Who Had COVID-19". Epilepsi 27/3 (2021), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.14744/epilepsi.2021.48030 |
