Since there is no chance to observe the behaviour, opinions, beliefs or lifestyles of ancient people, archaeological material can only be interpreted by collaboration with other social sciences. On the other hand, psychological background of behaviours, opinions and beliefs did not receive enough attention. However, the psychological background of each period has also affected archaeological approaches. The repressive regime of the medieval church impelled the Europeans to research their pre-Christian roots during the Renaissance, which canalized the post-imperial national states to identify themselves with ancient societies. Archaeologists opposed to this approach focussed on the processes and relationships of material culture, while psychoanalytic psychologists investigated psychological reasons of historical events, beliefs and behaviours. Functionalist expressed the material culture in terms of function, while psychologists described the collective subconscious as unlearned behaviours arising from historical processes. Archaeologists stimulated the behaviour during production, use, distribution and disposal of material, while psychologists analysed behaviours through reactions. While Interpretive Archaeology studied the mental processes that affect human behaviour, Cognitive Psychology studied the processes of sensation and perception of the human mind. Psycho-Mythology connected historical events and collective subconscious from mythological stories, while Psychodynamic approach explained the mythological worldview as psychological processes reflected to the external world. The Psychoanalytic Theory defines dreams as the transfer of daily thoughts, and decipher dreams of historical personalities as reflections of their ambitions. Also the effect of natural environment and architecture on psychology as well as works of art communicating and reflecting individual and communal psychology have been argued. Historical and archaeological data reflect peoples’ feelings of desire, fear, anxiety, sadness, guilt, regret, arrogance, greed, anger and depression as well as diagnose psychological problems such as melancholy, anxiety disorder, schizophrenic paranoia, psycho-shock, obsessive-compulsive disorder and neurosis. Ancient people could not explain the reasons behind natural events, illnesses or death; so, they tried to protect themselves from these phenomena by magic, prophecy and amulets, providing some form of placebo effect or to develop events as desired. Social Psychology is shaped by the images of kings during religious ceremonies and banquets before the portrayal of the gods, for convincing people to believe in their contacts with gods. Large and very high constructed palaces and temples made people perceive themselves so small in front of gods and kings. Scenes of hunt and battle were used to emphasize the powerful and cruel aspects of the kings and to create fear in their opponents. Rituals for inviting the gods of besieged cities to the feast, taking away the statues of their gods, destroying their graves, and hanging skinned and impaled people around these, demoralized the people and reduced their resistance. Also deportation of the rebels to distant regions caused a social trauma, and the ensuing series of difficulties left them no choice but to submit to the tyrant king. Basing on these examples, ancient human behaviour can be reconstructed with contributions of experimental, social and behavioural psychologies.