3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones

İNCEÖZ, MURAT; ERTEPINAR, Pınar; KAYMAKCI, NURETDİN

3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones

Nuretdin KAYMAKCI, (ODTÜ Müh. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Murat İNCEÖZ, (Fırat Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Elazığ, Türkiye)

Pınar ERTEPINAR (ODTÜ Müh. Fakültesi, Jeoloji Müh. Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

28 0

Yıl: 2006 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 123 - 154 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones

Öz:

Malatya Havzası'nın 3 boyutlu mimarisi Malatya-Ovacık fay kuşağı bağlamında uzaktan algılama, sismik yorumlama ve paleostres analizleri kullanılarak ortaya konulmuştur. Varılan sonuçlar göstermektedir ki Malatya-Ovacık fay kuşağı olarak adlandırılan hat, tek bir fay kuşağının iki ayrı segmenti olmayıp, aksine bir birinden bağımsız hareket eden iki ayrı fay kuşağıdır. Ayrıca, Ovacık fay kuşağı batı ucunda Malatya fay kuşağı ile birleştiği öne sürülen noktadan daha kuzeye doğru devam eden, Malatya fay kuşağı tarafından sonlandırılmaktadır. Ovacık fay kuşağı içerisindeki derelerin üzerinde görülen en büyük ötelenme 9.3 km olup, derelerin hepsi üzerindeki atım miktarlarının toplamı Ovacık fay kuşağı'nın, bölgedeki akaçlama sisteminin oluşumundan itibaren, toplam ötelenmesinin 20 kilometreden fazla olamayacağını göstermektedir. Malatya Havzası'nda üç farklı deformasyon evresi tespit edilmiştir. İlk evre KB-GD yönlü bir genişleme dönemi olup Erken ile Orta Miyosen döneminde hüküm sürmüştür, ikinci evre ise oz'nin düşey olduğu ve bölgesel doğrultu atımlı tektonizmaya işaret eden DGD-BKB yönlü bir sıkışma ile temsil edilir. Bu dönem Geç Miyosen ile Orta Pliyosen evresinde hüküm sürmüştür. Üçüncü deformasyon evresi ise KKD-GGB yönlü bir sıkışma altında a2 ile o3'ün düşey eksende zaman zaman yer değiştirdiği bir deformasyonla temsil edilir. Bu durum iki stres büyüklüğünün eşit olduğu durumlarda görülen stres değiş-tokuşu (permütasyon) olarak yorumlanmış ve ortaç stresle en küçük stresin zaman zaman düşey eksende yer değiştirmesinin nedeni olduğu şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Üçüncü deformasyon evresi, Geç Pliyosende başlayıp günümüze değin etkisini sürdürmektedir. Malatya Havzası'nın dolgusu D-B ve K-G yönünde kama şeklinde bir geometriye sahip olup genelde doğu kenarından beslenmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları sırasında, havzada bir çok terselmiş faylara rastlanmıştır. Bu fayların Erken-Orta Miyosen döneminde büyüme fayları olarak gelişip Orta Miyosen sonrası sıkışma dönemlerinde yeniden hareket kazandıkları veya terseldikleri oldukça belirgindir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Malatya Havzasının 3 boyutlu mimarisi ve neojen evrimi. Malatya ve Ovacık fay kuşaklarıyla ilgili çıkarımlar

Öz:

The 3D-architecture of the Malatya Basin was studied using remote sensing, seismic interpretation, and palaeostress analysis in the context of the Malatya-Ovacik fault zone. The results indicate that the Ovacık and Malatya fault zones are not different segments of a single 'so called' Malatya-Ovacik fault zone; rather, they are two different fault zones that have operated independently. In addition, the Ovacık fault zone is delimited in the west by the Malatya fault zone, which extends farther north from, the point of supposed junction. Maximum individual deflection of streams along the Ovacık fault zone is about 9.3 km, and summation of all stream deflections along different segments of the Ovacık fault zone indicates that sinistral displacement of the- Ovacık fault zone has been not more than 20 km following development of the drainage system in the region. Evidence for three different deformation phases were recognized in the Malatya Basin. Deformation phase 1 was characterized by NW-SE-directed extension and operated in the Early to Middle Miocene interval. Deformation phase 2 was characterized by WNW-ESE-directed compression and a vertical o2 which indicates transcurrent tectonics. It operated in the Late Miocene to Middle Pliocene. Deformation phase 3 was characterized by NNE-SSW-directed compression, and vertical stress is interchanged with o2 and o3; this is interpreted as due to near equal magnitudes of these stresses, resulting in stress permutation and interchange of intermediate and minor stress. Deformation phase 3 commenced in the Late Pliocene and has been active since then. The infill of the Malatya Basin has wedge-like geometry in E-W and N-S directions and the basin fed detritus mainly from its eastern margin. During field studies in the basin, a number of inverted normal faults were encountered; these apparently developed as growth faults in the Early to Middle Miocene time interval and then were reactivated or inverted during post-Middle Miocene compressional phases.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Jeoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1.AKTAŞ, G. & ROBERTSON A.H.F. 1984. The Maden complex, SE Turkey: evolution of a Neotethyan active margin. In: DIXON J.E. & ROBERTSON, A.H.F. (eds), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 17,375-402.
2.AKTIMUR, S. 1979. Malatya-Sivas Dolayının Uzaktan Algılama Yöntemi ile Çizgiselliklerinin İncelenmesi [The Lineament Analysis of Malatya-Sivas Region Using Remote Sensing]. MTA Report No. 6651 [unpublished].
3.ANGELIER, J. 1988. Tector: Determination of Stress Tensor Using Fault Slip Data Set. Quantitative Tectonics, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris.
4.ANGELIER, J. 1994. Fault slip analysis and palaeostress reconstruction. In: HANCOCK, P.L. (ed), Continental Deformation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 53-100.
5.ARGER, J., MITCHELL J. & WESTAWAY, R. 2000. Neogene and Quaternary volcanism of south-eastern Turkey. In: BOZKURT, E., WINCHESTER, J.A., PIPER, J.D.A. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism, in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173,459-487.
6.ARPAT, E. & ŞAROĞLU, F. 1975. Türkiye'deki bazı önemli genç tektonik olaylar [Some recent tectonic events in Turkey]. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 18, 91-101.
7.BİNGÖL, A.F. 1984. Geology of the Elazığ area in the eastern Taurus region. In: TEKELİ, O. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M. (eds), Geology of the Taurus Belt. Mineral Research and Exploration Institute (MTA) Publication, Ankara, Turkey, 209-216.
8.CHOROWICZ, J., LUXEY, P., LYBERIS, N., CARVALHO, J., PARROT, J.-F., YÜRÜR, T. & GÜNDOĞDU, M.N. 1994. The Maras Triple Junction (southern Turkey) based on digital elevation model and satellite imagery interpretation. Journal of Geophysical Research 99/B10, 20225-20242.
9.DEWEY, J.F., HEMPTON, M.R., KIDD, W.S.F., ŞAROĞLU, F. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1986. Shortening of continental lithosphere: the neotectonics of Eastern Anatolia - a young collisional zone. In: COWARD, M.P. & RIES, A.C. (eds), Collision Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 19, 3-36.
10.GENÇALİOĞLU-KUŞCU, G., GÖNCÜOĞLU, M.C. & Kuşçu, İ. 2001. Post-collisional magmatism on the northern margin of the Taurides and its geological implications: geology and petrology of the Yahyali-Karamadazi granitoid. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 10, 103-119.
11.GÖRÜR, N., OKTAY, F.Y., SEYMEN,. İ. & ŞENGÖR, Â.M.C. 1984. Palaeotectonic evolution of the Tuzgölü basin complex, central Turkey: sedimentary record of a Neotethyan closure. In: DIXON, J.E. & ROBERTSON, A.H.F. (eds), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 17, 77-112.
12.HARDCASTLE, K.C. & HILLS, L.S. 1991. Brute3 and Select: QuickBasic 4 programs for determination of stress tensor configurations and separation of heterogeneous populations of fault-slip data. Computers and Geosciences 17, 23-43. 13.HILGEN, F. J., ABDUL-AZIZ, H., KRUGSMAN, W., LANGEREIS, C.G., LOURENS, L.J., MEULENKAMP, J.E., RAFFI, I., STEENBRINK, J., TURCO, E., VAN VUGT, N., WUBRANS, J. R. & ZACHARIASSE, WJ. 1999. Present status of the astronomical (polarity) time-scale for the Mediterranean Late Neogene. Philosophical Transactions Royal Society London A 3S7, 1931 -1947.
14.HOMBERG, C, Hu, J.C., ANGELIER, J., BERGERAT, F. & LACOMBE, 0. 1997. Characterization of stress perturbation near major fault zones: insights from 2-D distinct-element numerical modeling and field studies (Jura Mountains). Journal of Structural Geology 19, 703-718.
15.JAFFEY, N. & ROBERTSON, A.H.F. 2004. Non-marine sedimentation associated with Oiigocene-Recent exhumation of the Central Taurus Mountains, S. Turkey. Sedimentary Geology 173, 53-89.
16.KAYMAKÇI, N. 2000. Tectono-stratigraphical Evolution of the Çankiri Basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey). PhD Thesis, Geologica Ultraiectina. No. 190, Utrecht University Faculty of Earth Sciences, The Netherlands, ISBN 90-5744-047-4.
17.KAYMAKÇI, N., WHITE, S.H. & VAN DUK P.M. 2000. Palaeostress inversion in a multiphase deformed area: kinematic and structural evolution of the Çankırı Basin (central Turkey), Part 1. In: BOZKURT, E., WINCHESTER, J.A. & PIPER, J.A.D. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding area. Geological Society London Special Publication 173, 445-473.
18.KAYMAKÇI, N., DUERMEIJER, C.E., LANGEREIS, C, WHITE, S.H. & VAN DUK, P.M. 2003b. Oroclinal bending due to indentation: a paleomagnetic study for the early Tertiary evolution of the Çankiri Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey). Geological Magazine 140, 343-355.
19.KAYMAKÇI, N., WHITE, S.H. & VAN DUK P.M. 2003a. Kinematic and structural development of the Çankırı Basin (central Anatolia, Turkey): a palaeostress inversion study. Tectonophysics 364, 85-113.
20.KOÇYİĞİT, A. & ALTINER, D. 2002. Tectonostratigraphic evolution of the North Anatolian palaeorift (NAPR): Hettangian-Aptian passive continental margin of the northern Neo-Tethys, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 11, 169-191.
21.KOÇYİĞİT, A. 1991. An axample of an accretionary forearc basin from north central Anatolia and its implications for the history of subduction of Neotethys in Turkey. Geological Society America Bulletin 103, 22-36.
22.KOÇYİĞİT, A. & BEYHAN, A. 1998. A new intracontinental transcurrent structure: the Central Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Tectonophysics 284, 317-336.
23.KOZLU, H. 1987. Misis-Andırın dolayının stratigrafisi ve yapısal evrimi [Stratigraphy and structural evolution of Misis-Andırın region]. Türkiye 7. Petrol Kongresi, Bildiriler Kitabı, 104-116.
24.LEO, G.W., MARVIN, R.F. & MEHNERT H.H. 1974. Geologic framework of the Kuluncak-Sofular area, east-central Turkey, and K-Ar ages of igneous rocks. Geological Society America Bulletin 85, 1785-1788.
25.ÖZGÜL, N. 1976. Torosların bazı temel jeolojik özellikleri [Basic geologic characteristics of Taurides]. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 19, 65-78.
26.ÖZGÜL, N. & TURŞUCU A. 1984. Stratigraphy of the Mesozoic carbonate sequence of the Munzur Mountains (eastern Taurides). In: TEKELİ, 0. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M. (eds), Geology of the Taurus Belt. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Special Publication, Ankara, Turkey, 173-180.
27.PERİNÇEK, D. & KOZLU, H. 1984. Stratigraphy and structural relations of the units in the Afşin-Elbistan-Doğanşehir region (eastern Taurus). In: TEKELİ, 0. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M. (eds), Geology of the Taurus Belt General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Special Publication, Ankara, Turkey, 181-198.
28.PERİNÇEK, D., GÜNAY, Y. & KOZLU, H. 1987. Doğu ve güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki yanal atımlı faylar ile ilgili yeni gözlemler [New observations on the strike-slip faults of east and southeast Anatolia]. Türkiye 7. Petrol Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 89-103.
29.ROBERTSON, A.H.F. 2002. Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region. Lithos 65, 1-67.
30.ROBERTSON, A.H.F., ÜNLÜGENÇ, U., İNAN, N. & TAŞLI, K. 2004. The Misis-Andirin complex: mid-Tertiary subduction/accretion and melange formation related to closure and collision of the South-Tethys in S Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 22, 413-453.
31.ROJAY, B., YALINIZ, M.K. & ALTINER, D. 2001. Tectonic implications of some Cretaceous pillow basalts from the North Anatolian ophiolitic melange (central Anatolia-Turkey) to the evolution of Neotethys. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 10, 93-102.
32.SARAÇ, G., DE BRUUN, H., GÜLEÇ, E., ÜNAY, E. WHITE, T. & VAN MEULEN, A. 2000. Türkiye Omurgalı Fosil Yatakları [Mammalian Fossils of Turkey]. MTA Report [unpublished]
33.ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. & YILMAZ, Y. 1981. Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 75, 181-241.
34.ŞENGÖR, A.M.C, YILMAZ, Y. & SUNGURLU, O. 1984. Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of palaeo-Tethys. In: DIXON, J.E. & ROBERTSON, A.H.F. (eds), The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 17, 77-112. 35.ŞENGÖR, A.M.C, ŞAROĞLU, F. & GÖRÜR, N. 1985. Strike-slip deformation and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In: BIDDLE, K.T. & CHRISTIE-BLICK, N. (eds), Strike-Slip Deformation Basin Formation and Sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 37, 227-264.
36.SICKENBERG, 0. 1975. Die Gliederung des höheren Jungtertiars und Altquartars in der Türkei nach Vertebraten und ihre Bedeutung für die internationale Neogen-Stratigraphie. Geologisches Jahrbuch 15, 1094-1116.
37.SÜMENGEN, M. & UYSAL, Ş. 1990. Ağzıkara Project. Petroleum Potential of Kayseri-Gürün-Kahramanmaraş-Malatya Region. Mobil Exploration Mediterranean Inc. Report [unpublished].
38.SYLVESTER, A.G. 1988. Strike-slip faults. Geological Society America Bulletin 100, 1666-1703.
39.ÜNAY, E. & BRUJIN, H. 1998. Plio-Pleistocene rodents and lagomorphs from Anatolia. Proceedings of SEQS-EuroMam Symposium 60, 432-485.
40.WESTAWAY, R. 2003. Kinematics of the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean updated. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 12, 5-46.
41.WESTAWAY, R. & ARGER, J. 2001. Kinematics of the Malatya-Ovacik fault zone. Geodinamica Ada 14, 103-131.
42.YALÇIN, M.N. & GÖRÜR, N. 1984. Sedimentological evolution of the Adana Basin. In: TEKELİ, 0. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M.C. (eds), Geology of the Taurus Belt. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Special Publication, 165-172.
43.YALINIZ, M.K. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M.C 1999. Clinopyroxene compositions of the isotropic gabbros from the Sankaraman Ophiolite: new evidence on supra-subduction zone type magma genesis in central Anatolia. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 103-112.
44.YAZGAN, E. 1984. Geodynamic evolution of the Eastern Taurus regiion. In: TEKELİ, 0. & GÖNCÜOĞLU, M.C. (eds), Geology of the Taurus Belt. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Special Publication, 199-208.
45.YILMAZ, Y., YİĞİTBAŞ, E. & GENÇ, C.Ş. 1993. Ophiolitic and metamorphic assemblages of southeast Anatolia and their significance in the geological evolution of the orogenic belt, Tectonics 12, 1280-1297.

APA	KAYMAKCI N, İNCEÖZ M, ERTEPINAR P (2006). 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. , 123 - 154.
Chicago	KAYMAKCI NURETDİN,İNCEÖZ MURAT,ERTEPINAR Pınar 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. (2006): 123 - 154.
MLA	KAYMAKCI NURETDİN,İNCEÖZ MURAT,ERTEPINAR Pınar 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. , 2006, ss.123 - 154.
AMA	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. . 2006; 123 - 154.
Vancouver	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. . 2006; 123 - 154.
IEEE	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P "3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones." , ss.123 - 154, 2006.
ISNAD	KAYMAKCI, NURETDİN vd. "3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones". (2006), 123-154.

APA	KAYMAKCI N, İNCEÖZ M, ERTEPINAR P (2006). 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 15(2), 123 - 154.
Chicago	KAYMAKCI NURETDİN,İNCEÖZ MURAT,ERTEPINAR Pınar 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 15, no.2 (2006): 123 - 154.
MLA	KAYMAKCI NURETDİN,İNCEÖZ MURAT,ERTEPINAR Pınar 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.15, no.2, 2006, ss.123 - 154.
AMA	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2006; 15(2): 123 - 154.
Vancouver	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P 3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2006; 15(2): 123 - 154.
IEEE	KAYMAKCI N,İNCEÖZ M,ERTEPINAR P "3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 15, ss.123 - 154, 2006.
ISNAD	KAYMAKCI, NURETDİN vd. "3D-architecture and neogene evolution of the Malatya Basin: Inferences for the kinematics of the Malatya and Ovacık fault zones". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 15/2 (2006), 123-154.