Yıl: 2006 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 13 - 34 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Toulmın Tartışma Modeli

Öz:
Bu çalışmanın amacı Toulmin'in Tartışma modelini ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemektir. 1922'de Londra-İngiltere'de doğan Toulmin, informal mantık ve retorik kuramının günümüzdeki öncülerindendir. 1958'de yayınlamış olduğu "Tartışmanın Kullanımı -The Uses of Argument" adlı kitabında retorik tartışmaların analizine yönelik bir tartışma modeli sunmuştur. Toulmin'in Tartışma Modeli altı öğeden oluşmaktadır: iddia, veri, garanti, destek, reddedici ve niteleyenler. Bu çalışmada tartışma yaklaşımlarına ilişkin genel tanıtıcı bilgilerin sunulmasından sonra, Toulmin'in tartışmaya ilişkin görüşleri ve modeldeki tartışma yapıları tanımlanarak, model eğitim ve diğer alanlardaki uygulamalarda karşılaşılan sorunlar çevresinde analiz edilecektir.
Anahtar Kelime: mantık eleştirel düşünme retorik argümantasyon retorik tartışma etkileşimsel akıl yürütme toulmin tartışma modeli tartışma tartışma eğitimi informal mantık

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Aldağ, H. (2005), "Düşünme Aracı Olarak Metinsel Ve Metinsel-Grafiksel Tartışma Yazılımının Tartışma Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesine Etkisi", Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, SBE, Adana.
  • Aldağ, H. (2005), "Problems in argumentative writing and text analysis", International Biltek Conference, Eskişehir.
  • Ball, W.J. (1994),/Using virgil to analyse public policy arguments: a system based on Toulmin's informal logic," Social Science Computer Review. Vol: 12 Iss: 1 p. 26- 37.
  • Beardsley, M. C. (1950), Practical Logic. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Brockriede, W. (1980), "Argument as epistemological method," In D. A. Thomas (Ed.), Argumentation As A Way Of Knowing, Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association.
  • Carr, C. S. (1999), "The effect of computer-supported collaborative argumentation (CSCA) on argumentation skills in second-year law student", Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.
  • Cevizci, A. (2000), "Felsefe Sözlüğü"", Paradigma yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Cho,Kyoo-Lak (2001), "The effects of argumentation scaffols on argumentation and problem solving in an online colloborative problem solving environment", Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University,Pennsylvania.
  • Connor,U., and J.Lauer (1985) Understanding persuasive essay writing: Linguistic/rhetorical approach. Text, 5, 309-26.
  • Connor, U., and J. Lauer (1988), "Cross-cultural variation in persuasive student writing. In Writing Across Languages and Cultures" Edited by Alan C. Purves. Newbury Park: Sage. pp. 138-59.
  • Crammond, J. G. (1998) "The uses and complexity of argument structures in expert and student persuasive writing," Written Communication, vl5 n2 p230-68.
  • Driver, R., P. Newton, and J. Osborne (2000), "Establishing the norms of scientific argumentation in clasroom," Science Education, 20, 1059-1073.
  • Duschl, R. A., K. Ellenbogen, and S. Erduran (1997), "Promoting argumentation in middle school science classrooms: A Project SEPIA evaluation," A paper presented at The Annual Meeting of the National Association ofReserch in Science Teaching.
  • Ehninger, D., and W. Brockriede, (1978), Decision by Debate (2. Ed.). New York, NY: Harper& Row.
  • Fisher, W. R., and E. M. Sayles (1966), "The nature and functions of argument," In G. R. Miller and T. R. Nilsen (Eds.), Perspectives on Argumentation, p. 2-22, Chicago, IL: Scoctt, Foresman and Company.
  • Freeman J.B., (1991), Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments, Foris, Dordrecht, Netherlands
  • Freeley, A. J. and David.L.Steinberg (2000), Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making (10 th Ed.), CA: Wads worth/Thomson Learning.
  • Goggin, M. D. (1995), "Situating the teaching and learning of argumentation within . historical context," In P. J. M. Costello and S. M. Mitchell (Eds.), Competing and Consensual Voices: Tehe Theory and Practice of Argument, pp. 10-22, Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, Ltd.
  • Govier, T. (1987), Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation, Foris: Dordrecht.
  • Jimenez, M. P., A. B. Rodriguez, and R. A. Duschl (2000), "Doing the lesson or doing science: Arguments in highschool genetics," Science Education, 84, 757-792.
  • Hançerlioğlu, O. (1989), "FelsefeSözlüğü", RemziKitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Johnson, R. H. (1996), The Rise of Informal Logic, Vale Press, Newport News, VA.
  • Johnson, R. H. and J. A. Blair (1987), "The current state of informal logic," Informal Logic,9, 147-151.
  • Johnson, R. H. and J. A. Blair (1996), "Informal Logic and Critical Thinking," In van Eemeren, F. H., R. Grootendorst, F. S. Henkemans, J. A. Blair, R. H. Johnson, E. C. W. Krabbe, C. Plantin, D. N. Walton, C. A. Willard, J. Woods, and D. Zarefsky (1996), Fundementals of Argumentation Theory: A Handbook of Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Johnson, R. H. and J. A. Blair (1994a), Logical Self-Defense, McGraw-Hill, Inc. : USA
  • Johnson, R. H. and J. A. Blair. (1994b), "Informal Logic: Past and Present." In Ralph Johnson (ed.), New Essays in Informal Logic, 32-51. Newport News: Vale Press.
  • Kelly, G. J., S. Druker, and C. Chen, (1998), "Students' reasoning about electiricity: combining performance assessments with argumentation analysis," International Journal of Science Education, 20, 849-872.
  • Knudson, R. E. (1992), "The development of writing argumentation: An analysis and comparision of argumentative writing at for grade levels," Child Study Journal,22(3), 167-184.
  • Leeman, R. W. (1987), Taking Perspectives: Teaching Critical Thinking in The Argumentation Course, EDRS No. ED 292 147.
  • Luft J. A. (1999), "Rubrics: design and use in science teacher education," Journal of Science Teacher Education 10(2): 107-121.
  • Lunsford, K. J. (2002), "Contextualizing Toulmin's model in the writing classroom: a case study," Written Communication 19(1): 76-109.
  • Martunen, M. (1994), "Assessing argumentation skills among Finnnish University students," Learning and Instruction, 4, 175-191.
  • McCann, T. M. (1989), "Student argumentative writing knowledge and ability at three grade levels," Research in the Teaching of English, 23(1), 62-76.
  • McFarland, T. D., and R. Parker (1990), Expert Systems in Education and Training. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.
  • McKerrow, R.E., (1980), "Argument communities: a quest for distinctions," In J. Rhodes, and S. Newell (Eds) Proceedings of the First Summer Conference on Argumentation, Speech Communication Association, 214-227, Annandale, VA.
  • Munford, D., Zembal-Saul, C. (2002) "Learning science through argumentation: prospective teachers' experiences in an innovative science course," Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, New Orleans, LA, April 6-10, 2002, ED465520.
  • Pfau, M., D. A. Thomas, and W. Ulrich (1987), Debate And Argumentation: A Systems Approach To Advocacy, Glenview, LI: Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • Rieke, R. D. and Sillars, M. O. (1984), Argumentation And Decision Making Process (2. Ed). Glenview, II: Scott, Foresman and Company.
  • Russell, T. L. (1983), "Analyzing arguments in science classroom discourse: Can teachers' questions distort scientific authority," Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 20, 27-45.
  • Scardamalia, M., P. Paris (1985) "The function of explicit discourse knowledge in the development of text representations and composing strategies," Cognition & Instruction, Vol. 2 Issue 1, pi, 39p.
  • Scriven, M. (1976), Reasoning, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Secor, M. J. (1987), "Recent research in argumentation theory," The Technical Writing Teacher, 75(3), 254-337.
  • Seibold D.R., M.S. Poole, R.D. McPhee, N.E. Tanita and D.J. Canary (1981), "Argument, group influence, and decision outcomes," In C. Ziegermueller and J. Rhodes (Eds.) Dimensions of argument: Proceedings of the Second Summer Conference on Argumentation, 663-692, SCA, Annadale VA.
  • Simosi, M. (2003), "Using toulmin's framework for the analysis of everyday argumentation: some methodological considerations," Argumentation, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 185-202(18)
  • Tan, S. C. (2000), "Supporting collaborative problem solving trough computer-supported colloborative argumentation," Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.
  • Thomas, S. N. (1973), Practical Reasoning in Natural Language, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
  • Toulmin, S. (2001), Return to Reason, Harvard University pres: Cambridge, London.
  • Toulmin, S. (1958), The Uses of Argument. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Toulmin, S. E., R. D. Rieke, and A. Janik (1984), An Introduction To Reasoning (2.Ed.), New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Van Dijk, T.A. (1997a) Political discourse and racism: describing others in Western Parliaments. In S.H. Riggins (ed.), The language and politics of exclusion, 31-64.London: Sage.
  • Van Dijk, T.A. (1997b), "Cognitive context models and discourse," In M. Stamenow (Ed.). Language Structure, Discourse and the Access to Consciousness . (pp. 189-226). Amsterdam: Benjamins.
  • Van Eemeren, F. H., R. Grootendorst, F. S. Henkemans, J. A. Blair, R. H. Johnson, E. C. W. Krabbe, C. Plantin, D. N. Walton, C. A. Willard, J. Woods, and D. Zarefsky (1996), Fundementals of Argumentation Theory: A Handbook of Historical Backgrounds and Contemporary Developments, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Van Gelder, T. J. (2002). Enhancing Deliberation Through Computer-Supported 'Argument Visualization. In P. Kirschner & S. Buckingham Shum & C. Carr (Eds.), Visualizing Argumentation: Software Tools for Collaborative and Educational Sense-Making. London: Springer-Verlag.
  • Walton, D. (1996a). Argumention Schemes for Presumptive Reasoning, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Walton, D. (1996b). Argument Structure: A Pragmatic Theory. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Wenzel, J. W. (1990), Three Perspectives On Argument: Essays in Honor Of Wayne Brockriede, 9-26, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
  • Willard C.A. (1988), "The balkanisation of knowledge and the problem of the public sphere", Working Paper, Dept of Communication, University of Louisville.
  • Willard C.A. (1983), Argumentation And The Social Grounds Of Knowledge, University of Alabama Press, AL.
  • Willard C.A. (1982), "Argument fields," In J.R.Cox and C.A Willard. (Eds.) Advances in Argumentation Theory And Research, Southern Illinois University Press, IL.
  • Willging, T. E., T. G.Dunn (1981), "The moral development of the law student: theory and data on legal education," Journal of Legal Education, v31 n3-5 p306-58.
  • Yeh, S. S. (1998),, "Validation of a scheme for assessing writing of middle school students," Assessing Writing, 5(1), pp. 123-150.
  • Yerrick, R. K. (2000), "Lower tarch science students' argumentation and open inquiry instruction," Journal ofReserch in Science Teaching, 37, 807-838.
  • Yıldırım, C. (1999), "Mantık: Doğru Düşünme Yöntemi", Bilgi Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Zeidler, D. L. (1997), "The central role of fallacious thinking in science education," Science Education, 81, 483-486.
APA ALDAĞ H (2006). Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. , 13 - 34.
Chicago ALDAĞ Habibe Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. (2006): 13 - 34.
MLA ALDAĞ Habibe Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. , 2006, ss.13 - 34.
AMA ALDAĞ H Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. . 2006; 13 - 34.
Vancouver ALDAĞ H Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. . 2006; 13 - 34.
IEEE ALDAĞ H "Toulmın Tartışma Modeli." , ss.13 - 34, 2006.
ISNAD ALDAĞ, Habibe. "Toulmın Tartışma Modeli". (2006), 13-34.
APA ALDAĞ H (2006). Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15(1), 13 - 34.
Chicago ALDAĞ Habibe Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 15, no.1 (2006): 13 - 34.
MLA ALDAĞ Habibe Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol.15, no.1, 2006, ss.13 - 34.
AMA ALDAĞ H Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2006; 15(1): 13 - 34.
Vancouver ALDAĞ H Toulmın Tartışma Modeli. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2006; 15(1): 13 - 34.
IEEE ALDAĞ H "Toulmın Tartışma Modeli." Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 15, ss.13 - 34, 2006.
ISNAD ALDAĞ, Habibe. "Toulmın Tartışma Modeli". Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 15/1 (2006), 13-34.