Yıl: 2007 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 12 - 16 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis

Öz:
Amaç: Miyokardiyal köprüleme (MB), epikardiyal arterlerin bazı bölümlerinin intramiyokardiyal seyretmesi ile karakterize konjenital bir anomalidir. Benign bir anomali olmakla birlikte akut miyokard infarktüsü, ventrikül taşikardisi, senkop, atriyoventriküler blok ve ani kardiyak ölüm gibi komplikasyonlara yol açabilir. Bu çalışmada koroner anjiyografide MB saptanan hastaların demografik, klinik ve anjiyografik özelliklerini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Ocak 1999-Eylül 2003 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde yapılan koroner anjiyografilerde MB saptanan 71 hasta alındı. Anjiyografik bulgulara göre hastalar grup A (n=41) ve grup B (n=30) olmak üzere iki alt gruba ayrıldı. Grup A aterosklerotik lezyon saptanmayan, grup B ise MB’e ek olarak koroner arter hastalığı saptanan hastalardan oluşmaktaydı. İki grubun anjiyografik, demografik ve klinik özellikleri karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: İki grup arasında cinsiyet ve koroner arter hastalığı risk faktörleri açısından fark saptanmazken A grubundaki hastaların yaş ortalaması daha düşüktü (47±5’e karşılık 55±11 yıl, p=0.01). Aynı hastada iki veya daha fazla koroner arter hastalığı risk faktörü sıklığı B grubunda anlamlı olarak daha fazla bulundu (%55’e karşılık %30, p=0.03). Miyokardiyal köprüleme grup A’da, sadece bir hastada sol ön inen (LAD) ve sağ koroner arterlerde, 40 hastada ise proksimal veya mid LAD’de yerleşmekteydi. Grup A‘da ortalama bridge yüzdesi %43±27 idi. Grup B’de MB, ciddi aortik kapak darlığı olan bir hastada birinci septal dalda, 29 hastada ise LAD’de yerleşmekteydi. Grup B’de ortalama bridge yüzdesi %70±25 idi (p<0.05). Aterosklerotik daralma 14 hastada sadece LAD’de, 7 hastada LAD ve diğer damarlarda ve 9 hastada ise MB dışındaki damarlarda saptandı. LAD’de MB’e ek olarak aterosklerotik darlık bulunan hastaların hepsinde ateroskleroz MB proksimalinde yerleşmekteydi. Klinik olarak, akut koroner sendrom sıklığı grup B’de daha fazla iken (%65’e karşılık %30, p=0.04), stabil anjina pektoris grup A’da grup B’den daha fazla idi (%70’e karşılık %35, p=0.01). Tedavi yaklaşımı olarak, grup A’da daha çok tıbbi tedavi uygulanırken (%80’e karşılık %50, p=0.01), grup B’de daha çok cerrahi ve girişimsel yaklaşımlar uygulandı (%50’e karşılık %18, p=0.04).Sonuç: Anjina ile başvuran genç hastalarda veya birden fazla koroner arter hastalığı risk faktörü olmayan hastalarda semptomlar devam ediyorsa MB olasılığı dikkate alınmalıdır. Miyokardiyal köprüleme damarın proksimal bölümünde aterosklerotik lezyon gelişimini başlatabilir veya ilerlemesini hızlandırabilir. Miyokardiyal köprülemeye ateroskleroz eklendiğinde akut koroner sendrom riski artar. Koroner anjiyografilerde aterosklerotik lezyon bulunmayan genç hastalarda MB olasılığına dikkat edilmelidir.
Anahtar Kelime: Tıbbi kayıtlar Koroner arteriyoskleroz Koroner anjiyografi Koroner damar anomalileri Hastalık ciddiyet indeksi Risk faktörleri Geriyedönük çalışma

Konular: Kalp ve Kalp Damar Sistemi

Miyokardiyal köprüleme: Ateroskleroza köprü

Öz:
Objective: Myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital anomaly characterized by narrowing during systole of some of the epicardial coronary arterial segments running in the myocardium. Although, it is considered as a benign anomaly, it may lead to such complications as acute myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia, syncope, atrioventricular block and sudden cardiac death. In this study, we aimed to investigate demographic, clinical and angiographic characteristics of the patients with MB found on coronary angiography. Methods: The present study included 71 patients with MB found on coronary angiographies performed in our institution between January 1999 and September 2003. Based on the findings on angiography, the patients were subdivided into group A (n=41) and group B (n=30). The patients in the group A had no atherosclerotic lesion and the patients in the group B had coronary artery disease in addition to MB. Angiographic, demographic and clinical characteristics of both groups were compared. Results: There were no differences between two groups in distribution of gender and risk factors of coronary artery disease whereas mean age of the patients in the group A was lower (47±5 years vs 55±11 years, p=0.01). Frequency of two or more risk factors for coronary artery disease in a particular patient was significantly higher in the group B (55% vs 30%, p=0.03). Myocardial bridge was located at proximal or mid segments of left anterior descending artery (LAD) in 40 patients whereas its presence in both LAD and right coronary artery was found only in one patient in group A. Mean bridging percent was 43±27% in group A. Localization of MB was LAD in 29 patients of group B. One patient with severe aortic valve stenosis in this group had MB at first septal branch. Mean bridging percent was 70±25% in group B, which was significantly higher than in group A (p<0.05). Atherosclerotic narrowing developed in only LAD in 14 patients, LAD and other vessels in 7 patients and in the vessels without MB in 9 patients. In patients with MB in LAD atherosclerotic narrowing of vessel developed proximally to the MB. Clinically, stable angina pectoris was seen more frequently in group A than group B (70% vs 35%, p=0.01), whereas the frequency of acute coronary syndrome was higher in group B (65% vs 30%, p=0.04). In regard to therapeutic approach, more patients in the group A received medical management (80% vs 50%, p=0.01), while more patients in the group B underwent surgical and percutaneous interventions (50% vs 18%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Myocardial bridge probability should be considered in young patients presenting with angina or if the same symptoms are persistent in the patients without more than one risk factor for coronary artery disease. Myocardial bridge may initiate the development of atherosclerotic lesion or may facilitate progression of atherosclerosis in the proximal segment of the vessel. The risk of acute coronary syndrome rises when atherosclerosis is superimposed on MB. Myocardial bridge should be considered in the young patients, presenting with angina or its equivalents without atherosclerotic lesions on coronary angiography.
Anahtar Kelime: Retrospective Studies Medical Records Coronary Arteriosclerosis Coronary Angiography Coronary Vessel Anomalies Severity of Illness Index Risk Factors

Konular: Kalp ve Kalp Damar Sistemi
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA duygu h, ZOGHİ M, Nalbantgil S, KIRILMAZ B, TÜRK U, ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F, akıllı a, Akın M (2007). Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. , 12 - 16.
Chicago duygu hamza,ZOGHİ Mehdi,Nalbantgil Sanem,KIRILMAZ BAHADIR,TÜRK Uğur,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN FİLİZ,akıllı azem,Akın Mustafa Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. (2007): 12 - 16.
MLA duygu hamza,ZOGHİ Mehdi,Nalbantgil Sanem,KIRILMAZ BAHADIR,TÜRK Uğur,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN FİLİZ,akıllı azem,Akın Mustafa Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. , 2007, ss.12 - 16.
AMA duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. . 2007; 12 - 16.
Vancouver duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. . 2007; 12 - 16.
IEEE duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M "Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis." , ss.12 - 16, 2007.
ISNAD duygu, hamza vd. "Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis". (2007), 12-16.
APA duygu h, ZOGHİ M, Nalbantgil S, KIRILMAZ B, TÜRK U, ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F, akıllı a, Akın M (2007). Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi, 7(1), 12 - 16.
Chicago duygu hamza,ZOGHİ Mehdi,Nalbantgil Sanem,KIRILMAZ BAHADIR,TÜRK Uğur,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN FİLİZ,akıllı azem,Akın Mustafa Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi 7, no.1 (2007): 12 - 16.
MLA duygu hamza,ZOGHİ Mehdi,Nalbantgil Sanem,KIRILMAZ BAHADIR,TÜRK Uğur,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN FİLİZ,akıllı azem,Akın Mustafa Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi, vol.7, no.1, 2007, ss.12 - 16.
AMA duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. 2007; 7(1): 12 - 16.
Vancouver duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. 2007; 7(1): 12 - 16.
IEEE duygu h,ZOGHİ M,Nalbantgil S,KIRILMAZ B,TÜRK U,ÖZERKAN ÇAKAN F,akıllı a,Akın M "Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis." Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi, 7, ss.12 - 16, 2007.
ISNAD duygu, hamza vd. "Myocardial bridge: a bridge to atherosclerosis". Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi 7/1 (2007), 12-16.