Yıl: 2006 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 76 - 86 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme

Öz:
Amaç: Öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kuramına göre davranış ile sonucu arasında bağlantı olmadığının öğrenilmesine bağlı olarak amaca yönelik davranış sürdürülememekte ve bir grup bilişsel, güdüsel, duygusal eksiklik ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu yazıda, öğrenilmiş çaresizlik kuramının, onunla ilişkili güdüsel yönelimlerin ve nedensel yüklemelerin gelişimsel özellikler çerçevesinde gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca öğrenilmiş çaresizlik gelişiminde rolü olabilecek çevresel etmenler yazın bilgileri ışığında ele alınmıştır. Son iki bölümde de çaresizlikle bağlantıları olduğu ileri sürülen psikiyatrik bozukluklar ve fiziksel hastalıklar gözden geçirilmiştir. Yöntem: Konu ile ilgili araştırma ve gözden geçirme yazıları incelenmiş ve gelişimsel özellikler özetlenmiştir. Sonuçlar: Çocukların ne kadar erken yaşta öğrenilmiş çaresizliği geliştirebilecekleri ya da bu sürecin nasıl geliştiği konusunda belirsizlikler bulunmaktadır. Çaresizlik davranış örüntüsünün geç çocukluk dönemine kadar ortaya çıkmayacağı biçimindeki bakış açısı uzun yıllar egemen olmuştur. Daha sonra yapılan çalışmalarla küçük çocuklarda da başarısızlık durumlarında çaresizlik davranışları ortaya çıkabildiği gösterilmiştir. Bu çaresizlik yaşantısı, duygusal, davranışsal, bilişsel yansımalarıyla başta depresyon olmak üzere psikiyatrik bozuklukların gelişimine yatkınlık yaratmakta ve süreğen fiziksel hastalıklarla çocuk ve ailenin baş etme becerilerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Tartışma: Böylesine olumsuz sonuçlar doğurabilen çaresizlik davranış örüntülerinin erken dönemde belirlenip yapılacak girişimlerin buna göre yönlendirilmesi sağaltımın başarısı açısından önemli görünmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime: Çaresizlik, öğrenilmiş Çocuk Hastalığın özellikleri

Konular: Psikoloji

A review on learned helplessness in children

Öz:
Objective: According to learned helplessness theory; a set of cognitive, motivational, and emotional deficits and nonpersistence of goal directed behavior occur because of learning that there is noncontingency between behavior and outcomes. In this paper, it is aimed to review learned helplessness theory and associated motivational orientations and causal attributions within the developmental framework. In addition, environmental factors which may play a role in the development of learned helplessness are discussed in the light of the literature. In the last two sections, psychiatric and other medical disorders that are associated with learned helplessness are reviewed. Method: Researches and reviews were screened and developmental characteristics were summarized. Results: There are ambiguities about how early children may develop learned helplessness or how this process occurs. The view that behavioral pattern of learned helplessness does not occur until late childhood was dominated during the past several decades. In later studies, it was shown that helplessness behaviors may occur in younger children following repeated failure experiences. This helplessness experience, with its emotional, behavioral and cognitive reflections causes vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, especially to depression, and may have a negative impact on coping skills of children and families with chronic diseases. Discussion: Detecting helplessness behavior patterns which may have negative consequences at early ages and planning intervention strategies based on these patterns seem important in terms of successful treatment outcome.
Anahtar Kelime: Child Disease Attributes Helplessness, Learned

Konular: Psikoloji
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA KILIÇ B, ORAL N (2006). Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. , 76 - 86.
Chicago KILIÇ BİRİM GÜNAY,ORAL Nursen Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. (2006): 76 - 86.
MLA KILIÇ BİRİM GÜNAY,ORAL Nursen Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. , 2006, ss.76 - 86.
AMA KILIÇ B,ORAL N Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. . 2006; 76 - 86.
Vancouver KILIÇ B,ORAL N Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. . 2006; 76 - 86.
IEEE KILIÇ B,ORAL N "Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme." , ss.76 - 86, 2006.
ISNAD KILIÇ, BİRİM GÜNAY - ORAL, Nursen. "Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme". (2006), 76-86.
APA KILIÇ B, ORAL N (2006). Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 13(2), 76 - 86.
Chicago KILIÇ BİRİM GÜNAY,ORAL Nursen Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 13, no.2 (2006): 76 - 86.
MLA KILIÇ BİRİM GÜNAY,ORAL Nursen Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, vol.13, no.2, 2006, ss.76 - 86.
AMA KILIÇ B,ORAL N Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2006; 13(2): 76 - 86.
Vancouver KILIÇ B,ORAL N Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme. Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi. 2006; 13(2): 76 - 86.
IEEE KILIÇ B,ORAL N "Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme." Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, 13, ss.76 - 86, 2006.
ISNAD KILIÇ, BİRİM GÜNAY - ORAL, Nursen. "Çocuklarda öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerine bir gözden geçirme". Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi 13/2 (2006), 76-86.