3 2

Proje Grubu: TOVAG Sayfa Sayısı: 65 Proje No: 104O265 Proje Bitiş Tarihi: 01.12.2007 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri

Öz:
-
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi
Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • ACAR, J., Gıda Kimyası, ed: Saldamlı, İ., Fenolik bileşikler ve doğal renk maddeleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, Ankara, (1998) pp. 435-452.
  • AKGÜL, A., Kıvanç, M. Inhibitory effects of 6 turkish thyme-like spices on some common foodborne bacteria Nahrung-Food, 32 (2), 201-203 (1988).
  • AKGÜL, A., Kıvanç, M. Chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Turkish laurel leaf oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 1 , 277-280 (1989).
  • AKTUĞ Ş. E., Karapınar M. Sensivity of some common food-poisoning bacteria to thyme, mint and bay leaves. Interernational Journal of Food Microbiology, 3, 349-354 (1986).
  • AMMANN, A., Hinz, D.C., Addleman, R.S., Wai, C.M., Wenclawiak, B.W. Superheated water extraction, steam distillation and SFE of peppermint oil. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 364 (7), 650-653 (1999).
  • ANGIONI A., Barra A., Cereti E., Barile D., Coisson JD., Arlorio M., Dessi S., Coroneo V., Cabras P. Chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 3530-3535 (2004).
  • ATTI-SANTOS, A.C., Rossato, M., Pauletti, G.F., Rota, L.D., Rech, J.C., Pansera, M.R., Agostini, F., Serafini, L.A., & Moyne, P. Physico chemical evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils. Brazilian Archives Of Biology And Technology, 48 (6), 1035- 1039 (2005).
  • BARATTA, M.T., Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., & Ruberto, G. Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of some commercial essential oils, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 13, 235-244 (1998).
  • BESTMANN, H. J., Erler, J., Vostrowsky, O. Extraktion von thymian mit flüssigem CO2 im LabormaBstab. European Food Research and Technology, 180, 491-493 (1985).
  • BEUCHAT, L. R. Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Spices and Organic Acids. Journal of Food Science, 41, 899-902 (1976).
  • BIONDI, D., Cianci, P.; Geraci, C., Ruberto, G. Piattelli, M. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oils from Sicilian aromatic plants. Flavour Fragrance Journal, 8, 331-337 (1993).
  • BORGES, P., Pino, J., Sanchez, E. Isolation and chemical characterization of laurel leaf oil. Die Nahrung, 36, 494-496 (1992).
  • BOUZOUITA, N., Nafti, A., Chaabouni, M.M., Lognay, G.C., Marlier, M., Zghoulli, S., Thonart, P. Chemical composition of Laurus nobilis oil from Tunisia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 13, 116-117 (2001).
  • BOUZOUITA, N., Kachouri, F., Hamdi, M., Chaabouni, M.M. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Tunisian aromatic plants. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 18, 380– 383 (2003).
  • BRACA, A. Tommasi, N.D., Bari, L.D., Pizza, C., Politi, M., Morelli, I. Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia terapotensis. Journal of Natural Products. 64, 892-895 (2001).
  • BUFFLER, C. Microwave cooking and processing: Engineering Fundamentals for the Food Scientist. Avi Book, New York (1993).
  • BURT, S. Essential Oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. Internatıonal Journal of Food Microbology, 94 (3), 223-253. (2004).
  • BURT, S.A., & Reinders, R.D. Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 36 (3), 162–167 (2003).
  • CAPECKA, E., Mareczek, A., & Leja, M. Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of some Lamiaceae species. Food Chemistry, 93 (2), 223-226. (2005).
  • CATCHPOLE, O.J, Grey, J.B. Near-critical extraction of sage, celery and coriander seeds. Journal of Spercritical Fluids, 9: 273-279 (1996).
  • CHEN, S. S., M. Spiro. Study of microwave extraction of essential oil constituents from plant materials. Journal of Microwave Power Electromagnetic Energy, 29, 231-241 (1994).
  • CHIPAULT, J. R., Mizumo, G. R., Hawkins, J. M., Lundberg, W. O. The antioxidant properties of natural spices. Food Research, 17, 46-55 (1952).
  • DADALIOGLU, I., Evrendilek, G.A. Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 8255- 8260 (2004).
  • DIAZ-MAROTO, M.C., Perez-Coello, M.S., Cabezudo, M.D. Effect of drying method on the volatiles in bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50, 4520-4524 (2002).
  • DRIFFIELD, K.L., Mooney, L., Kerr, K.G. Temperature- dependent changes in susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and black pepper (Piper nigrum). Pharmaceutical Biology, 44, 113-115. (2006).
  • DORMAN, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., Noble, R.C. Evaluation in vitro plant essential oils as natural antioxidants, Journal of Essential Oil Research, 71, 645-651 (1995).
  • ELLERBE, R. W. Steam Distillation/Stripping, In Handbook of Separation Techniques for Chemical Engineers, ed: Schweitzer P.A. McGraw Hill, New York (1979).
  • EL-MASSRY, K.F., El-Ghorab, A.H., Farouk, A., Antioxidant activity and volatile componentsof Egyptian Artemisia judaical, Food Chemistry, 79, 331-336 (2002).
  • ERKAN, N., Ayrancı, G., Ayrancı, E., Antioxidant activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract black seed (Nigella Sativa L.) essential oil carnosic acid rosmarinic acid and sesamol. Food Chemistry, 10.1016/j. foodchem.2008-01.058.
  • ESKILSSON, C. S., Björklund, E. Analytical-scale microwave assisted exraction. Journal of Chromatography A, 902, 227-250 (2000).
  • FALEIRO, M.L., Miguel, M.G., Ladeiro, F., Venancio, F., Tavares, R., Brito, J.C., Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils isolated from Portuguese endemic species of Thymus. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 36, 35- 40 (2003).
  • FARAG, R.S., Badei, A.Z..M.A., Hewedi, F.M., El-Baroty, G.S.A. Antioxidant activity of some spice essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation in aqueous media. Journal of American Oil Chemists Society, 66, 792-799 (1989).
  • FERHAT, M.A., Tigrine-Kordjani, N.,Chemat, S., Meklati, B.Y., & Chemat, F. Rapid extraction of volatile compounds using a new simultaneous microwave distillation: Solvent extraction device. Chromatographia, 65 (3-4), 217-222 (2007).
  • FLAMINI, G., Cioni, PL., Morelli, I., Macchia, M., & Ceccarini, L. Main agronomic-productive characteristics of two ecotypes of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and chemical composition of their essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50 (12), 3512-3517 (2002).
  • GASPAR, F, Leeke, G. Comparison between compressed CO2 extracts and hydrodistilled essential oil. Journal of Essential Oil Research,16, 64-68 (2004)
  • GARCIA-AYUSO, L. E., Velasco, J., Dobarganes, M. C., Luque de Castro, M. D Accelarated extraction of fat content in cheese using focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet device. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 2308-2315 (1999a).
  • GARCIA-AYUSO, L. E., Velasco, J., Dobarganes, M. C., Luque de Castro, M. D Double use of focused microwave irradiation for accelarated matrix hydrolysis and lipid extraction in milk samples. International Dairy Journal, 9, 667-674 (1999b).
  • GARCIA-AYUSO, L. E., Velasco, J., Dobarganes, M. C., Luque de Castro, M. D Determination of oil content of seeds by focused microwave-assisted soxhlet extraction. Journal of Chromatographia, 52, 103-108 (2000).
  • GÜNER, A., Ozhatay, N., Ekim, T., & Baser, K. H. C. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Vol. 11 (supplement II)). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2000).
  • HAMMER, K. A.; Carson, C. F.; Rley, T. V. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86, 985-990 (1999).
  • HANCI, S.S., Sahin, S., Yilmaz, L. Isolation of volatile oil from thyme (Thymbra spicata) by steam distillation. Nahrung-Food, 47 (4), 252-255 (2003).
  • HARRIS, L.J., Daeschel, M.A., Stiles, M.E., Klaenhammer, T.R. Antimicrobial activitiy of Lactic acid bacteria against Listeria monocytogenes. Journal of Food Protection, 52(6), 384-387 (1989).
  • HINNEBURG, I., Dorman, H. J. D., Hiltunen, R., Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chemistry, 89, 191-198 (2006).
  • HUHTANEN, C. N. Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by spice extracts and aliphatic alcohols. Journal of Food Protection, 43, 195-196, 200 (1980).
  • IBANEZ, E, Oca, A., Murga G. Lopez-Sebastian S., Tabera, J., Reglero, G. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of different processed rosemary plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 1400-1404 (1999)
  • IRITI, M., Colnaghi, G, Chemat, F, Smadja, J., Faoro, F., & Visinoni, F.A. Histo-cytochemistry and scanning electron microscopy of lavender glandular trichomes following conventional and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oils: a comparative study. Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 21 (4), 704-712 (2006).
  • KARAKAYA S., El S.N., Flavanoidler ve sağlık, Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi / J Nutr and Diet, 26(2), 54-60 (1997).
  • KARAKAYA S., El S.N., Quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and kaempferol contents of some foods, Food Chemistry, 66, 289-292 (1999).
  • KARGER B. L., Snyder L. R., Horvath C. An Introduction to Separation Science. John Wiley and Sons, pp. 181-209 (1973).
  • KILIÇ, A., Hafizoglu, H., Kollmannsberger, H., Nitz, S. Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers and fruits of Laurus nobilis L. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 1601-1606 (2004).
  • KING, M.B., Bott T.R. Extraction of Natural Products using Near Critical Sovents. Chapman and Hall, Glasgow, U.K. (1993).
  • KOSAR, M., Tunalier, Z., Özek, T., Kurkcuoglu, M., & Baser, K.H.C. A simple method to obtain essential oils from Salvia Triloba L. and Laurus nobilis L. by using microwaveassisted hydrodistillation. Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung C-A Journal Of Biosciences, 60 (5-6), 501-504 (2005a).
  • KOSAR, M., Özek, T., Goger, F., Kurkcuoglu, M., & Baser, K.H.C., Comparison of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation and hydrodistillation methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites . Pharmaceutical Biology, 43 (6), 491-495 (2005b).
  • KRELL E. Handbook of Laboratory Distillation. Elsevier Publishing Company, New York. (1963).
  • KUO, J. M., Yeh, D. B., Pan, B. S. Rapid photometric assay evaluating antioxidative activity in edible plant material. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 3206-3209 (1999).
  • LACHOWICHZ, K.J., Jones, G.P., Briggs, D.R., Bienvenu, F.E., Wan, J., Wilcock, A., Coventry, M.J. The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid- tolerant food microflora. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 26, 209-214 (1998).
  • LEAL., P. F, Braga, M. E. M., Sato, D. N., Carvalho, J. E., Marques, O. M., Meireles, M. A. A. Functional properties of spice extracts obtained via supercritical fluid extraction. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, 2520-2525 (2003).
  • LEITE DE SOUZA, E., Montenegro Stamford T. L., de Oliveira Lima E. Sensitıvity of spoiling and pathogen food-related bacteria to Origanum vulgare L. (lamiaceae) essential oil Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 37:527-532 (2006).
  • LO PRESTI, M., Ragusa, S., Trozzi, A., Dugo, P., Visinoni, F., Fazio, A., Dugo, G., & Mondello, L. A comparison between different techniques for the isolation of rosemary essential oil. Journal of Separation Science, 28 (3), 273-280 (2005).
  • LUCCHESI, ME., Chemat, F., Smadja, J., An original solvent free microwave extraction of essential oils from spices . Flavour And Fragrance Journal, 19 (2), 134-138 (2004a).
  • LUCCHESI, M.E., Chemat F., & Smadja, J. Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from aromatic herbs: comparison with conventional hydro-distillation. Journal of Chromatography A, 1043 (2), 323-327 (2004b).
  • LUCCHESI, M.E., Smadja, J., & Bradshaw, S. Solvent free microwave extraction of Elletaria cardamomum L.: A multivariate study of a new technique for the extraction of essential oil. Journal of Food Engineering, 79 (3), 1079-1086 (2007).
  • LUQUE-GARCIA, J L., Velasco, J., Dobarganes, M. C., Luque de Castro, M. D Fast quality monitoring of oil from prefried and fried foods by focused microwave-assisted Soxhlet extraction. Food Chemistry, 76, 241-248 (2002).
  • MIURA, K., Nakatani, N. Antioxidative activity of flavonoids from thyme. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 53, 3043-3045 (1989).
  • MOORE, G., Atkins. R. The fungicidal and fungistatic effects of an aqueous garlic extract on medically important yeast-like fungi. Mycologia, 69, 341-348 (1977).
  • NHU-TRANG, T.T., Casabianca, H., & Grenier-Loustalot, M.F. Deuterium/hydrogen ratio analysis of timol, karvakrol, gamma-terpinen and p-simen in thyme, savory and oregano essential oils by gas chromatography-pyrolysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1132 (1-2), 219-227 (2006).
  • ONDARZE, M., Sanchez, A. Steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction of some Mexican spices. Chromatograhia, 30,16-18 (1990)
  • ÖZBAŞ, Z.Y., Aytaç, S.A. Çeşitli Laktobasil türlerinin yağsız süt ortamında Escherichia coli O157:H7 ve Listeria monocytogenes üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi. Kükem, 19(1), 45- 57 (1996).
  • ÖZEK, T., Özek, G., & Baser, K.H.C. Comparison of the essential oils of three endemic Turkish Heracleum species obtained by different isolation techniques. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 17, 605-610 (2005).
  • ÖZER, E.Ö., Platin, S., Akman, U., Hortaçsu, Ö. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of spearmint oil from mint-plant leaves. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 74, 920-928 (1996).
  • ÖZKAN, G., Sağdıç, O., Ekici, L., Öztürk, İ., Özcan, M.M. Phenolic compounds of Origanum sipyleum L. extract, and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Journal of Food Lipids, 14, 157-169 (2007).
  • PASTER, N., Menasherov, M., Ravid, U., and Juven, B. Antifungal activity of oregano and thyme essential oils applied as fumigants against fungi attacking stored grain. Journal of Food Protection, 58:81-85 (1995).
  • PINO, J.; Borges, P.; Roncal, E. The chemical composition of laurel leaf oil from various origins. Die Nahrung, 37, 592-595 (1993).
  • PINTORE, G., Usai, M., Bradesi, P., Juliano, C., Boatto, G., Tomi, F., Chessa, M., Cerri, R., & Casanova, J. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. oils from Sardinia and Corsica. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 15–19 (2002).
  • RAMIREZ, P., Garcia-Risco, M.R., Santoyo, S. , Senorans, F.J., Ibanez, E., & Reglero, G. Isolation of functional ingredients from rosemary by preparative-supercritical fluid chromatography (Prep-SFC). Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41 (5), 1606-1613 (2006).
  • RASOOLI, I., Rezaei, M.B., Allameh, A. Ultrastructural studies on antimicrobial efficiancy of thyme essential oils on Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10, 236- 241 (2006).
  • RE, R., Pelegrini, N., Proteggente, A.,Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26, 1231-1237 (1999).
  • REVERCHON, E., Osseo, L.S., Gorgoglione, D. Supercritical CO2 extraction of basil oil: characterization of products and process modelling. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 7, 185 (1994).
  • REVERCHON, E. Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of essential oils and related products. Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 10, 1-37 (1997).
  • RHYU, 1979; Rhyu, H.Y., Gas chromatographic characterization of oregano and other selected spices of the Labiatae family. Journal of Food Science, 44, 1373-1378 (1979).
  • ROBARDS K., Prenzler P.D., Tucker G., Swaitsitang P., Glover W., Phenolic compaunds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits, Food Chemistry, 66, 401-436 (1999).
  • RODRIGUES, M.R.A., Krause, L.C., Caramao, E.B., Dos Santos, J.G., Dariva, C., De Oliveira, J.V. Chemical composition and extraction yield of the extract of Origanum vulgare obtained from sub- and supercritical CO2. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 3042-3047 (2004).
  • SACCHETI, G., Maietti, S., Muzzoli, M., Scaglianti, M., Manfredini, S., Radice, M., & Bruni, R. Comparative evaluation of 11 essential oils of different origin as functional antioxidants, antiradicals and antimicrobials in foods. Food Chemistry, 91, 621-632 (2005).
  • SAĞDIÇ, O., Kuşçu, A., Özcan, M., Özçelik, S. Effects of Turkish spice extracts at various concentrations on the growth of Esherichia coli 0157:H7. Food Microbiology, 19, 473- 480 (2002).
  • SAĞDIÇ, O. Sensitivity of four pathogenic bacteria to Turkish thyme and oregano hydrosols. Lebensmittel Wissenschaft und Technologie, 36, 467- 473 (2003).
  • ŞAHIN, F., Gulluce, M. Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Sokmen, M., Polissiou, M., Agar, G., & Ozer, H. Biological activities of the essential oils and methanol extract of Origanum vulgare ssp. vulgare in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Food Control, 15, 549- 557 (2004).
  • SARTORATTO, A., Machado, A.L.M., Delarmelina, C., Figueira, G.M., Duarte, M.C.T., & Rehder, V.L.G. Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aromatic plants used in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 35, 275-280 (2004).
  • SCHOENMAKERS, P.J., Oomen , J.L.M.M., Blomberg, J., Genuit, W., & Van Velzen, G. Comparison of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry for the characterization of complex hydrocarbon mixtures. Journal of Chromatography A, 892, 29-46 (2000).
  • SCHWARZ, K., Ernst, H. Evaluation of antioxidative constituents from thyme. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 70, 217-223 (1996).
  • SHAHIDI F., Naczk M., Food Phenolic Sources Chemistry Effects Applications, Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Lancester-Basel, (1995) pp: 331.
  • SIMANDI B., Oszagyan, M., Lemberkovcs, E., Kery, A., Kaszacs, J., Thyrion, F., Matyas, T. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of oregano oleoresin. Food Research International, 31, 723-728 (1998).
  • SIMIC, M., Kundakovic, T., Kovacevic, N. Preliminary assay on the antioxidative activity of Laurus nobilis extracts. Fitoterapia 74, 613–616 (2003).
  • SKERGET M., Kotnik P., Hadolin M., Hras, A.R., Simonic, M., Knez, Z. Phenols, proanthocyanidins, flavones and flavonols in some plant materials and their antioxidant activities. Food Chemistry, 89, 191–198 (2005).
  • SMITH-PALMER, A., Stewart,J., Fyfe, L. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food borne pathogens. Letters in Applied Microbiology 26,118-122 (1998).
  • SONSUZER, S., S. Şahin ve L. Yılmaz, Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Thymbra spicata oil, The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 30, 189-199 (2004).
  • STAHL-BISKUP, E. Essential oils of norwegian thyme species; II. Thymus pulegioides. Planta Medica, 52, 233-235 (1986).
  • STASHENKO, E.E., Jaramillo, B.E., & Martinez, J.R. Comparison of different extraction methods for the analysis of volatile secondary metabolites of Lippia alba (Mill.) NE brown, grown in Colombia, and evaluation of its in vitro antioxidant activity. Journal of Chromatography A, 1025 (1), 93-103 (2004a).
  • STASHENKO, E.E., Jaramillo, B.E., & Martinez, J.R. Analysis of volatile secondary metabolites from Columbian Xylopia aromatica (Lamarck) by different extraction and headspace methods and gas chromatograhpy. Journal of Chromatography A, 1025 (1), 105-113 (2004b).
  • TEPE, B., Daferera, D., Sokmen, A., Sokmen, M., Polissiou, M. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae) Food Chemistry, 90, 333-340 (2005).
  • TEPE, B., Akpulat, H. A., Sokmen, M., Daferera, D., Yumrutaş, O., Aydın, E., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A. Screening of the antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of the essential oils of Pimpinella anisetum and Pimpinella flabellifolia from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 97, 719-724 (2006).
  • TERANISHI R., Murphy E. L., Mon R. T. Steam Distillation- Solvent Extraction Recovery of Volatiles from Fats and Oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 25 (3), 464- 470 (1977).
  • TOMAINO, A., Cimino, F., Zimbalatti, V., Venuti, V., Sulfaro, V., De Pasquale, A., Saija, A., Influence of heating on antioxidant activity and the chemical comparision of some spice essential oils. Food Chemistry, 89, 549-554 (2005).
  • WANG, Z.M., Ding, L., Wang, L., Feng, J., Li, T.C., Zhou, X., & Zhang, H.Q. Fast determination of essential oil from dried menthol mint and orange peel by solvent free microwave extraction using carbonyl iron powder as the microwave absorption medium. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 24 (5), 649-652 (2006).
  • ZHU, S.K., Lu, X., Dong, L., Xing, J., Su, X.L., Kong, H.W., Xu, G.W., & Wu, C.Y. Quantitative determination of compounds in tobacco essential oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1086 (1-2): 107-114 (2005).
APA ŞAHİN S, ŞÜMNÜ G, YENER E, Karakaya S, EL N, KARAGÖZLÜ N (2007). Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. , 1 - 65.
Chicago ŞAHİN Serpil,ŞÜMNÜ Gülüm Servet,YENER Esra,Karakaya Sibel,EL Nehir Sedef,KARAGÖZLÜ Nural Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. (2007): 1 - 65.
MLA ŞAHİN Serpil,ŞÜMNÜ Gülüm Servet,YENER Esra,Karakaya Sibel,EL Nehir Sedef,KARAGÖZLÜ Nural Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. , 2007, ss.1 - 65.
AMA ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. . 2007; 1 - 65.
Vancouver ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. . 2007; 1 - 65.
IEEE ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N "Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri." , ss.1 - 65, 2007.
ISNAD ŞAHİN, Serpil vd. "Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri". (2007), 1-65.
APA ŞAHİN S, ŞÜMNÜ G, YENER E, Karakaya S, EL N, KARAGÖZLÜ N (2007). Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. , 1 - 65.
Chicago ŞAHİN Serpil,ŞÜMNÜ Gülüm Servet,YENER Esra,Karakaya Sibel,EL Nehir Sedef,KARAGÖZLÜ Nural Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. (2007): 1 - 65.
MLA ŞAHİN Serpil,ŞÜMNÜ Gülüm Servet,YENER Esra,Karakaya Sibel,EL Nehir Sedef,KARAGÖZLÜ Nural Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. , 2007, ss.1 - 65.
AMA ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. . 2007; 1 - 65.
Vancouver ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri. . 2007; 1 - 65.
IEEE ŞAHİN S,ŞÜMNÜ G,YENER E,Karakaya S,EL N,KARAGÖZLÜ N "Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri." , ss.1 - 65, 2007.
ISNAD ŞAHİN, Serpil vd. "Yeni teknolojilerle baharatlardan esansiyel yağ ekstraksiyonu ve bu yağların fiziksel, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri". (2007), 1-65.