The aim of this study was to evaluate endoscopic and/or surgical removal of interconnected, multiple fish hooks that lodge in gastroesophageal region in dogs. Medical records were obtained and clinical, radiographic and endoscopic evaluations were performed for 13 dogs with gastroesophageal multiple fish hooks. Endoscopic, surgical and endoscopy assisted surgical removal was performed depending on penetration degree of the hooks. Distribution of the hooks were 9 (13.2%) in the cranial esophagus, 40 (58.8%) in the cervical esophagus, 17 (25%) in the thoracic esophagus and 2 (3%) in the stomach. Retrieval of the hooks was performed endoscopically in 11 cases, surgically in one case and combined in one case. There were no complicated mucosal erosions or lacerations associated with removal of the hooks. It is very important to remove fish hooks as soon as possible to reduce complication rates and the dog owners should be warned to beware of f ishing areas.
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The Gram negative bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes lives anaerobically in the bovine rumen and secretes β-glucanase. Barley is a cheap food input for poultry production but it is low in nutrients due to its beta glucan content. Supplementing exogenous β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) to broiler diets can decrease the viscosity of the intestinal content by hydrolyzing the β-glucan and enhancing nutrient digestibility. In the current study, β-glucanase enzymatic activity was assayed after extraction from bovine rumen fluid, and then its effect on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, duodenum microbial flora, hematological and immunological parameters was compared with a commercial enzyme. A total of 120 local broilers (GolpayeganiRoss hybrid) was allocated to 3 treatments with 4 replicates per treatment and 10 birds per replicate/pen. Over a 49-day experimental period, broilers were fed a basal diet (T1), basal diet with 10 IU of extracted β-glucanase and 20% barley (T2) and basal diet with 10 IU of commercial β-glucanase and 20% barley (T3). T2 significantly increased body weight gain and decreased feed intake over the whole experimental period. Treatments had a significant effect on hematological parameters except low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (P<0.01). Treatments did not affect antibody titration. The highest non-eviscerated carcass weight (P<0.05) and eviscerated carcass weight (P>0.05) were associated with the T2. The same treatment also caused a significant increase in lactobacilli and Escherichia coli in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, enzyme addition had a positive effect on broiler performance without any adverse effects on humoral immunity parameters.
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Yak is a rare breed of resources in Tibetan Plateau, with high protein and low-fat content, and has other important application value. Yaks are managed by herders and slaughtered in various ages, changing from three years to twelve years of age, and there has a significant difference on meat tenderness in different ages. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age at harvest, ageing time and the correlation analysis to meat tenderness calpains activity. The work may be used to establish a classification system and grading standards for yak meat. Four groups were established as fewer than 3 years-old, 3-5 years-old, 5-7 years-old and more than 7-years old. The results demonstrated that the content of tenderness has significantly different (P<0.05) in various ages and it increased and then decreased during postmortem aging. The muscle fiber diameter has decreased with the increase of slaughter age, while the MFI showed the contrary. The MFI increased with aging. The myofibrils’ ultrastructure was completely disrupted. Calpains activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the first 3 d and then decreased with aging. The calpains activity of yak meat in different ages has increased and then decreased with the different ages. The nitration of μ-calpain promoted its ability in degrading a part of myofibrillar proteins and the degrading of myofibrillar proteins related to the tenderness of meat.
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There is very limited knowledge about in vitro hepatotoxicity of permethrin concerning dose and duration even though humans and nontargeted beings are exposed. In this study, three different doses of permethrin (1 uM, 10 uM, 100 uM) were administered in three different time periods (24, 48, 72 h) and cell viability (WST-1 and Trypan blue test), lipid peroxidation (high performance lipid chromatography), and antioxidant (SOD-1, SOD-2 and GPx-1) gene expression levels (real time PCR) were evaluated. The LC50 dose of permethrin was calculated as 1111 µM. Significant decrease in cell viability was detected in every time period except at the lowest dose (P<0.05). Each permethrin dose caused a significant increase (P<0.01) in superoxide dismutase-1 levels (except 1 μM at 48 h). The 10 µM and 100 µM groups’ superoxide dismutase-2 levels were higher than the controls at each exposure level though the 1 µM group was significantly lower at 24 and 48 h and higher at 72 h. Interestingly, a non-uniform statistically significant difference for glutathione peroxidase-1 was seen in each exposure duration and doses either as up- or down regulation (P<0.01). Generally, malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly increased (P<0.01), although at each dose in 72 h a significant decrease in malonaldehyde levels was seen (P<0.01). Our results may help in understanding the molecular aspects of high dose permethrin hepatotoxicity. More comprehensive research is required to evaluate long term low dose exposure.
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Aykut BURGUT
Aykut BURGUT
The impacts of water and ethanolic extracts of propolis on growth of Gram- positive and Gram-negative food-borne pathogens and their biogenic amine production were investigated. Ethanolic extracts of propolis had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) than that of water extract. Undiluted water extract of propolis (100%) was more effective on growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (29.5 mm) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.5 mm) than antibiotics. The effect of propolis on biogenic amine production showed a discrepancy depending on bacterial strains, specific amine and extract type. Water or ethanolic extracts of propolis induced about 81-fold lower histamine accumulation by Yersinia enterocolitica. The study results suggested that both propolis extracts tested could be used as antimicrobial as they inhibit biogenic amines which were toxically important, although both propolis extracts exerted variability even among Gram- positive or negative bacteria. Moreover, stimulation of serotonin production by bacteria in the presence of propolis extracts emphasized important aspects of propolis for utilization in foods.
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Zerdava dogs are considered as one of the many native animal genetic resources of Turkey. However, the genetic characteristics of these
dogs and detailed phenotypic studies related to them have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological
and genetic characteristics of Zerdava dogs. Blood samples (n = 100) were collected from Zerdava dogs. The morphological characteristics
of these dogs were also taken. The mean live weights of Zerdava dogs were found to be 16.02±0.35 kg. The mean withers height, rump
height and body length were measured as 48.20±0.21, 47.08±0.24 and 51.24±0.23 cm, respectively. According to the results of microsatellite
markers, the mean FIS (inbreeding coefficient) value was documented as 0.0361±0.0003. Observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He)
values were found to be 0.708±0.091 and 0.694±0.077, respectively. In addition, the frequency of A018 (72%) and B001 (16%) haplotypes
were high in Zerdava dogs. The mitochondrial DNA sequence results show that the majority of Zerdava dogs originate from two different
maternal lines. According to the results, the phenotypic and genotypic variations of Zerdava dogs were low. Therefore, these results may
suggest that Zerdava dogs may have been protected by local breeders and can be considered a separate breed.
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This study investigated the impact of an essential oil (EO) mixture (Biomin) on growth performance, carcass yield, visceral organ weights, and
duodenal crypt depth in native Turkish geese (Anser anser). Sixty 1-day-old goslings constituted the animal material of the trial. Goslings were
divided into three treatment groups, each consisting of four subgroups having five animals each. Animals were homogenously distributed
among the groups after being weighed and identified. The three treatment groups received the essential oil mixture at rates of 0.0% (without
EO), 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The animals were given concentrate feed (21.93% CP and 3010 kcal/kg ME) for the first 2 weeks, and were
both grazed and provided with barley meal for the next 8 weeks. The trial was continued for a period of 10 weeks. Results showed that the
essential oil mixture had no significant effect on live weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate, carcass yield, and heart-liver-gizzard
weights (P>0.05). On the other hand, the crypt depths of the EO 0.1% and EO 0.2% groups were greater than that of the EO 0.0% group
(P<0.05). This study demonstrated that EO supplementation had no impact on performance, but increased duodenal crypt depth in native
Turkish geese.
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Mycoplasma bovis is a major pathogen leading to bovine respiratory disease syndrome. The worldwide prevalence of this pathogen has caused
enormous economic losses in the beef industry. Substantial efforts have been made to identify and characterize the surface proteins of M. bovis.
However, little is known regarding experimentally proved housekeeping genes, or the distribution and the number of motifs within these genes in
M. bovis. We used Picbio SMRT technology of next-generation sequencing for M. bovis Ningxia-1 isolation and applied different tools (Mega X, STRING
v11.0, TMHMM v2.0, MOTIF) for bioinformatics analysis. The present study compared M. bovis Ningxia-1 strain with another ten M. bovis strains with
sequenced whole genome and identified 24 housekeeping genes in each strain. The phylogenetic tree indicates a close relationship between M.
bovis Ningxia-1 with NM2012 based on BLAST results of these genes. Within the 24 housekeeping genes in M. bovis Ningxia-1 stain, 3/24 (12.5%) of
the genes have the potential to be used as internal control genes, 2 sets of proteins have interactions which have been proved under experimental
and database conditions. MetG is a putative transmembrane protein, while others are predicted to be located outside of the membrane. Additionally,
there are 6 common motifs distributed among 7 of the proteins (29.17%). Our bioinformatic analysis is intended to provide new and complementary
data in mining and making comparisons of housekeeping genes through M. bovis type strain Ningxia-1 sequencing.
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This study aims to explore the pharmacodynamics of chelidonine, the active ingredient in greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), on in vitro rat
bladder and trachea tissue, and evaluate its cell protective effects on primary lung and kidney cell lines. The study was carried out via repeated
applications of acetylcholine, atropine, verapamil and oxybutynin, alongside Ca++ in a calcium-free environment, on urinary bladder tissue, and
repeated applications of acetylcholine, atropine, carbachol and mecamylamine on trachea tissue. At the same time, cell viability and catalase
and superoxide dismutase activity was measured on primary cell lines obtained from lung and kidney tissue samples. The study has shown that
chelidonine has a relaxant effect on bladder and trachea tissues, and it may be mentioned that this effect is produced via muscarinic receptors. In
addition, chelidonin caused a statistically insignificant increase in cell viability in primary lung and kidney cell lines at increasing doses (1 and 4 μg/
mL), but this increase remained at the control group level. In contrast, chelidonin caused a significant decrease in cell viability at the same cell lines
at doses of 8 and 16 μg/mL. In conclusion, it is suggested that greater celandine, which is used in folk medicine, and its active ingredient chelidonine
might have beneficial effects on asthma, urinary incontinence and other urinary tract and respiratory diseases among others.
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Twenty-five dog fleas (Ctenocephalides canis) and five ticks identified as Hyalomma asiaticum were collected from a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx)
pup in northwestern China. Molecular analyses of four genetic markers showed the presence of Rickettsia aeschlimannii DNA in 5 out of 20
fleas. Only rickettsial 17-kDa gene was detected in the blood sample of the lynx. In addition, 2 out of 20 fleas were positive to Wolbachia
endosymbiont by targeting 16S rDNA while there was no Bartonella DNA found both in 5 ticks and 20 fleas by using gltA and 16S-23S ITS. Our
findings suggest that i) C. canis parasitizing wild Eurasian lynx harbors R. aeschlimannii and Wolbachia endosymbiont in the China-Kazakhstan
border, and ii) Wolbachia endosymbiont in present study is closer to that in C. canis infesting sheltered dogs in Turkey.
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