and Haemophilus parasuis infection in one reaction, through a melting curve analysis. This method utilized two pairs of specific primers
that allowed the amplification of highly conserved regions of A. pleuropneumoniae Apx IV and H. parasuis omp P2 gene. Reconstitution
experiments were conducted by using PMD - 19T plasmid in order to determine the sensitivity of the assay. The results showed that the Tm
values of the melting curves of A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis were 83.36±0.09ºC and 76.48±0.17ºC, respectively that could accurately
distinguish these two pathogens. And no cross reaction were observed between other respiratory pathogens, which suggested a high
specificity of two primers. The detection sensitivity of the assay was 127 and 96 copies/μL which was higher than that of the ordinary PCR
detection methods. This rapid technique may present a simple, useful option for simultaneous detection of A. pleuropneumoniae and H.
parasuis, which would be feasible and attractive for clinical samples diagnosis and epidemiological investigations.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two modified semen diluents on the spermatological parameters of Saanen goat sperm stored at 4°C. Ejaculates were obtained from five Saanen bucks by means of an electro-ejaculator and divided into five aliquots. Then, aliquots of ejaculates were used to create five experimental groups as follows: Group 1 (control), group 2A containing seminal plasma (SP) and bovine serum albumin (BSA; 10 mg/mL-1), group 2B containing BSA without SP, group 3A containing egg yolk (EY; 17.00%) and SP and finally group 3B containing EY without SP. All aliquots of semen were extended with Tris-based extender. Spermatological parameters of experimental groups were observed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h periods during storage at 4°C. Motility of semen in groups 2A and 2B was found to be best values compared to other groups. However, the motility of group 3A at 24 h was 0.00%. In conclusion, it was concluded that the addition of 10 mg/mL-1 of BSA to Tris-based extender could be useful in the storage of Saanen goat semen regardless of SP at 4°C.
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The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms recorded during the antemortem inspection in the lairage and pathological lesions at postmortem inspection of slaughter pigs. If clinical symptoms were an accurate indicator of pathological lesions at postmortem inspection it could be possible to incorporate only those parameters in the health and welfare monitoring system. The study was conducted on 1033 pigs originated from 39 small-scale farms. During the antemortem inspection, pigs were clinically inspected for the presence of coughing, sneezing and laboured breathing. The plucks of slaughtered pigs from each farm were examined for pneumonia, pleurisy and liver milk spots. No relationship was found between clinical symptoms and pathological lesions using Spearman correlation analysis. According to receiver operating characteristic curves and the area under the curves, ‘positive farms’ for pathological lesions at the postmortem inspection could not be accurately detected by the clinical symptoms recorded during antemortem inspection. These results suggest that the recording of pathological lesions at postmortem inspection is more reliable and feasible method for pig health and welfare monitoring than the recording of clinical symptoms during the antemortem inspection. Therefore, incorporating of pathological lesions scoring as part of the routine postmortem veterinary inspection process could function as iceberg indicators of underlying problems affecting pig health and welfare at farm level.
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Fuat AYDIN ,
MURAT ABAY ,
Ayhan ATASEVER ,
LATİFE ÇAKIR BAYRAM ,
Emre KARAKAYA ,
Seçil ABAY ,
Görkem EKEBAŞ ,
Hamit Kaan MÜŞTAK ,
Kadir Semih GÜMÜŞSOY ,
Linda van der GRAAF-VAN BLOOIS ,
Kadir Serdar DİKER
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the microbiological, molecular and pathological findings of abortus cases detected in a sheep herd consist of 200 animals. Macroscopically, irregular necrotic foci were observed in the liver in aborted fetuses. Selective and non-selective media were used for the isolation of causative agent. Phenotypic and molecular tests were performed for identification. Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (Cff) was isolated from organs of four foetuses aborted. While the vaginal swap samples taken from sheep that did not abort, water, feed and litter samples produced negative results for Cff, 5 of the 20 faecal samples and 5 of the vaginal swaps taken from the sheep that had aborted, yielded Cff. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used for genotyping and all isolates were detected as Sequence Type 2 (ST2). This is the first documented report of an ovine abortion caused by Cff ST2 in Turkey. It is considered that the development and use of vaccines, containing local Campylobacter species, would contribute to both prophylaxis and control of abortions caused by campylobacters including Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.
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Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a transmissible cancer that typically affects the external genital organs in canines. It can spread to other parts of the body via auto- and hetero-transplantation in a way that neoplastic cells are inoculated into the degraded mucosa or skin during the interaction of the animals, such as licking and sniffing, or less commonly via hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Here, we presented the clinical, cytological, and histopathological characteristics of two rare cases of TVT that developed ocular involvement and were associated with a poor prognosis. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was the initial method of choice in the diagnosis which is rapid, minimally invasive, and effective. It was diagnostic in one case and aided in the diagnosis in the other. The latter was considered a malignant round cell tumor in the cytological examination that needed further clinical and histopathological examination for definitive diagnosis. TVT is a round cell tumor that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular lesions in canines.
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The objectives of this study were to determine renal volume, volume ratios in New Zealand rabbits by stereological methods, reveal the
histomorphological properties of tubulus proximalis, tubulus distalis, collecting tubule, Henle’s loop and number of glomerulus. Besides, it is to
investigate the possible diffrences between the functional subcomponents of the right and left kidneys and the effcts of gender discrimination
on them. The study was carried out on 9 males and 9 females healthy New Zealand rabbits’ kidneys. After weighing kidneys, diameters and lengths
were measured with a digital caliper. Total kidney volume and volume fractions of subcomponents of left and right kidneys were estimated by
Cavalieri’s method. The histological section was taken from the sampled kidneys and kidney structures in the unit area were counted. After all
values of each component were expressed as ratios with in kidney, they were analyzed statistically to reveal diffrences between sexes. There was
no statistical diffrence between the renal densities. The right dorsoventral and mediolateral diameters of the females and males were found to
be greater than the left (P<0.05). No statistical diffrence was found in volume measurements with Archimedes’ principle and Cavalieri’s method
(P>0.05). It was determined that the number of left collecting tubules in female rabbits was higher than males and it was statistically significant
(P<0.05). Obtained data by making sexual dimorphism will contribute to the existing anatomical knowledge accumulation.
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Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) and Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp) have been investigated using species specific PCR and
sequencing in 170 dogs from Kyrgyzstan. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the infection rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was
calculated. The molecular prevalence of hemoplasma infection was 5.29% (CI 2.57-9.34). It was found that, five (2.94%, CI 1.06-6.22) samples
were found to be infected with Mhc, one (0.59%, CI 0.03-2.57) sample with CMhp and three (1.76%, CI 0.44-4.52) samples with both species.
These results demonstrate that dogs can be exposed to each haemoplasma species and provide first molecular evidence for these species
in Kyrgyzstan
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The aim of this study is to observe the histologic structure of kidney tissue of geese and to determine the immunohistochemical
localization of catalase in it. Six female geese were used in our study. After fixation in Bouin’s solution and routine histological process,
the kidney tissues taken from geese were embedded in paraffin blocks. To detect catalase immunoreactivity in the tissues, the avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique was used. Crossmann’s modified triple stain for histological examination was applied to the
samples. It was seen that the geese kidney included numerous lobules and each lobule consists of cortical and medullary tissues. The
strong immunoreactivity of catalase was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules in the cortex. Immunohistochemical reaction was
also observed in intermediate tubules and the thick segment of Henle’s loops. Also it was determined that the immunoreactivity in the
basal epithelial cells of the secondary branches of ureters and the intercalated cells in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct.
There was no catalase immunoreactivity in the renal corpuscles. In conclusion, localization of catalase in the proximal convoluted tubules,
in the intermediate tubules, in the thick segments of Henle’s loops and in the intercalated cells is considered that these parts of the geese
kidney are involved in the antioxidant defence. This study is thought to contribute to the planned future studies about antioxidant system
in the kidney of poultry.
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Traumatic elbow joint luxation is the displacement of one or more bones forming the elbow joint due to blunt trauma, and it is uncommon
in dogs and rare in cats. Although there are numerous case series in dogs, a few feline reports have been described. The aim of this study is
to present the results of the clinical, radiological findings and administered treatments in cats with traumatic elbow luxation. Six cats with
a diagnosis of traumatic elbow luxation due to clinical and radiological examinations were included in this study. Two acute cases were
treated with closed reduction, but it was not possible to achieve reduction by close manipulation in four chronic cases. Two of the chronic
cases, the lateral collateral ligament was repaired with a 2/0 polypropylene suture. The lateral collateral ligament was beyond to repair in 2
of the remaining chronic cases; in one of these cases the stability was achieved with circumferential wire prostheses, in other case with two
screw and figure-eight-wire technique. There was no failure and/or complication in none of the cases after treatment. In conclusion, when
the closed reduction is unsuccessful for the treatment of traumatic elbow luxation or in chronic cases, open reduction is found satisfactory.
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Parasites and viruses are considered major agents of bee colony loss. The aim of this study is to detect the presence of seven viruses and three
parasites - namely, Israeli acute bee paralysis virus (IAPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), sacbrood virus (SBV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV),
black queen cell virus (BQCV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), Nosema, Varroa and Tropilaelaps spp. - in Turkish
apiaries affected by colony loss. For this purpose, nine apiaries were examined in 2016, 38 in 2017 and 29 in 2018. The results show that DWV
was the most prevalent virus in Turkish apiaries, identified in 44.7% of the samples. The second-most widespread virus was ABPV, in 35.5% of the
samples, while the prevalence of BQCV, SBV, CBPV and IAPV was 28.9%, 22.3%, 18.4% and 6.5%, respectively. However, KBV was not identified
in any of the apiaries. With regard to microsporidian and parasitological investigations, Nosema was found in 10, Varroa was detected in
21 and both Varroa and Nosema were simultaneously identified in seven apiaries. Tropilaelaps spp. was not detected. In some examples,
two, three, four and even five viral agents were detected simultaneously. Mixed viral infections were common in some colonies, which had
between two and five different viruses. In conclusion, viruses and mixed infections in particular play a major role in declining colonies.
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