Astrid LEİVA, Fabio Granados CHİNCHİLLA
Astrid LEİVA, Fabio Granados CHİNCHİLLA
Fatty acid determination is used for the characterization of the lipid fraction in foods, providing essential information
regarding feed and food quality. Most edible fats and oils are composed primarily of linear saturated fatty acids,
branched, mono-unsaturated, di-unsaturated, and higher unsaturated fatty acids. To attain this information we developed a gas chromatography (GC) method that can separate fatty acids from C4
to C24 using mass spectrometry identification. A simplified sample preparation procedure was applied so it is not time-consuming and short enough to avoid
fat degradation. Additionally, one-step derivatization was applied to obtained fatty acid methyl esters in situ in the gas
chromatograph injection port, using tetramethylammonium hydroxide and a high polarity polyethylene glycol-based
cross-linked microbore chromatographic column was coupled to achieve the separation of 60 compounds in under 15
minutes with extreme sensibility. The versatility of the method allows fatty acid profile (including saturated [SFA],
monounsaturated [MUFA], and polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA]) information to be gathered in different products
of primary production i. raw materials commonly used in the production of animal feed, ii. profiles for balanced
feed for laying hens, beef cattle and dairy cattle and iii. products of animal origin intended for human consumption,
such as meat, eggs, and milk. Our data (performance parameters and fatty acid profiles) support the validity of the
results; the method can be used for quality assurance both in productive species feed and feed ingredients, pet food,
and related food matrices. The technique presented herein can be used as a high-throughput routine screening tool
to assess fat quality as this data is paramount to improve animal nutrition and health and animal-derived products of
human consumption.
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Abdullah ULAS
Abdullah ULAS
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different rates and forms of nitrogen (N) on shoot growth and
root morphological and leaf physiological responses of watermelon (cv. Crimson Tide F1) under hydroponic growth
condition. The nutrient solution experiment was conducted between January - March in 2018 by using an aerated
Deep Water Culture (DWC) technique in a fully automated climate room placed in the Plant Physiology Laboratory
of Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kayseri in Turkey. Plants were tested under two N-Rates (N1: 1000 and
N2: 2000 µM N) and three different N-Forms (Am-N: NH4+
, Nit-N: NO3-
, 50% mixture of both N-Forms Mix-N:
NH4+NO3) by growing in 8 L pots filled continuously aerated nutrient solution (modified Hoagland). The experiment
was conducted with a completely randomized block design with four replications. From each pot two plants were
harvested 42 days after treatment (DAT) by separating into stem, leaf and root fractions. The results indicated that
shoot growth, root morphological and leaf physiological responses were significantly (p<0.001) affected by N-Rate,
N-Form and N-Rate x N-Form interaction. The lowest performance under sole Am-N supply was achieved, since it
severely reduced shoot and root growth and leaf area development as compared to sole Nit-N and Mix-N treatments.
Irrespective of N rates, best growth performance in shoot growth was achieved under Mix-N supply, while root
growth significantly improved under sole Nit-N supply. All these clearly indicate that the application of sole ammonium (1000 µM N) is detrimentally toxic for hydroponically grown watermelon plants. On the other hand, a 50%
mixed of ammonium with nitrate even at a higher dose (N2: 2000 µM ammonium N) can be more advantageous for
the growth and development of watermelon plants grown in the hydroponic system. Furthermore, our study showed
that the effects of N-Form (Nit-N and Mix-N) on the improvement of shoot growth, root morphology and leaf physiological development and photosynthesis were significantly higher than the effects of N-Rate. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of Mix-N could be a useful N management strategy for growth and yield of
watermelon plants under hydroponic conditions.
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Hasan HALİLOGLU, Cevher Ilhan CEVHERİ, Vedat BEYYAVAS
Hasan HALİLOGLU, Cevher Ilhan CEVHERİ, Vedat BEYYAVAS
This study was aimed to assess the effect of defoliant application on yield and yield components of some cotton cultivars at timely and late sowing under Harran Plain conditions in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Field trials were
arranged employing randomized blocks split-split plots design with 3 replications. In the study, sowing times (i.e.10th
of May and 10th of June) consisted the main plots, cultivars (i.e. Candia and Lima) placed in the sub-plots and defoliant applications (i.e. Control and Dropp Ultra (600 ml ha-1)) were in the sub-subplots. Each plot was sown with a
length of 12 m and 6 rows, with a 70 cm inter-row and 15 cm intra-row spacing. In the trials, the defoliant chemical
called Dropp Ultra (i.e.120 g Thidiazuron + 60 g Diuron) was used. The application was practiced when the 60 %
of boll opened. It was found that Candia and Lima cotton cultivars sown timely gave seed cotton yields of 5296.7
and 5073.3 kg ha-1 respectively, whereas at late sowing gave the seed cotton yields of 4672.5 kg ha-1 and 4545.8 kg
ha-1in 2017 and 2018; Candia gave the higher seed cotton yield (i.e. 5179.2 in 2017 and 5013.3 kg ha-1 in 2018) than
Lima cultivar (i.e. 4790.0 in 2017 and 4605.8 kg ha-1 in 2018) in both years. Results indicated that that the defoliant
application increased the seed cotton yield comparing control plots. Defoliant application positively influenced the
seed cotton yield (kg ha-1), plant height (cm), number of opened bolls (per plant-1), boll weight (g) and boll seed cotton
weight (g). However, there were no significant effects on the number of bolls (per plant-1) and 100 seed weight (g). It
was concluded that defoliant application and timely sowing can be recommended for farmers in the region.
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Surveys were conducted at tomato production sites in Adana province in 2019. 53 tomato plants have been collected
showing the virus symptom due to determining its prevalence. The collected samples were tested for 13 different viral
agents harmful to tomatoes using ELISA and RT-PCR methods. 24.52% TYLCV and 9.43% PLRV were detected
from the tested samples. When DNA sequencing comparisons are made from RT-PCR products, 98,74% of PLRV
isolates in tomato samples collected from Adana province are homogical similarity with Belgium potato isolate
(KX364206.1). Also it clustered at 99.37% similar to same branch with New Zealand (GU002341.1) (BLAST at
NCBI).
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Turgut YEŞİLOĞLU, Berken ÇİMEN, Bilge YILMAZ, Meral İNCESU
Turgut YEŞİLOĞLU, Berken ÇİMEN, Bilge YILMAZ, Meral İNCESU
Clemenules’ (Nules, Clementina de Nules) has been a very popular variety in fresh mandarin markets especially in
the Mediterranean region countries. It is commercially grown on sour orange rootstocks in the calcareous soils of Turkey. However, production of ‘Clemenules’ needs a substituted rootstock in addition to sour orange due to hypersensitive of sour orange to the “Citrus Tristeza Virus”. ‘Clemenules’ mandarin grafted onto ten rootstocks was evaluated
in order to determine the influences of rootstocks on fruit yield, quality and photosynthetic variables of the scion as
well as their relationship. Rootstocks significantly affected (p<0.05) fruit yield and using Volkameriana significantly
increased fruit yield of ‘Clemenules’ (44.71 kg tree-1). Similarly, sour orange and Volkameriana rootstocks positively
affected fruit weight and height (p<0.05). Total acids (%) and ripening index varied within rootstocks and FA-517
resulted the highest total acids in fruits juice samples of ‘Clemenules’ whereas the lowest ripening index was determined in fruits grafted on Flhorag1. Leaf chlorophyll concentration (Chl) and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence in the
light adapted stage (Fv’/Fm’) of the scion differed based on rootstocks. In addition to fruit yield and characteristics,
rootstocks also significantly affected variables related to photosynthesis. Cleopatra mandarin, sour orange and Volkameriana increased the photosynthetic rate (PN), while transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gS
) of the
scion were higher on Volkameriana rootstocks. FA-5 maintained the highest water use efficiency (WUE) in comparison to other rootstocks evaluated. The present research has clearly shown that rootstocks were able to influence the
quality of fruits and the physiological activity. Regarding fruit yield and photosynthetic performance of ‘Clemenules’
mandarin variety, Volkameriana and sour orange performed well. However, considering the calcareous soils of the
Mediterranean Region, FA-5 citrandarin proved to be potential rootstock for enhanced photosynthetic rate and WUE.
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Bran is not only the raw material of animal feed or functional products; it has also become a natural additive used in
the other industrial fields. For this reason, in this study, it has been aimed to reveal to what extent the minerals (K, P, S,
Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Na) are affected by genotypes, growth seasons (years) and growth conditions and their
interactions, rather than how much and what kind of minerals the wheat bran contains. For this purpose, in the study,
in the growth seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015, five bread wheat genotypes were carried out as three replicated
under organic and conventional growth conditions according to the trial design of split plots in random blocks. At the
end of the study, all minerals except Cu were affected by at least one of the variation sources; in other words, although
it varies according to minerals, wheat bran minerals were significantly affected by wheat genotypes, growth years
and growth conditions and their interactions. In addition, with this study, significant correlations were found between
some minerals in organic and conventional conditions.
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Fatma KAYAÇETİN
Fatma KAYAÇETİN
The search for new oil seed crops in the low rainfall drought Central Anatolia has attracted researchers to profitable
alternative crops like Brassica species in recent years. Breeding of a suitable oilseed crop for the Central Anatolia
will provide a new rotational break for controlling soil borne diseases, weeds and drought stress that are very difficult to manage with prevailing agricultural practices. Brassica juncea L. is an important oilseed crop and is newly
introduced in Turkey. This study was conducted to evaluate the developmental responses to 4 different day lengths
and cosequently climatic conditions to screen 38 B. juncea genotypes for some oil yield related agronomic charachterisitics under hot humid climatic conditions of Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey. It was noted that early and delayed
sown genotypes had synchronization towards flowering in the month of June with 15 h 01 min to 15 h to 39 min day
length photoperiod. The results showed a significant effects of sowing dates day lengths and consequently climates
upon genotypes for oil yield and agronomic traits. The maximum mean crude oil yield (38.4 g m-2)was obtained from
AK genotype. The results clearly describe that early sowing provides long period of vegetative growth with increased
intake of photosynthates to plant sinks; that is not possible under late sowings.
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Reha Onur AZİZOGLU
Reha Onur AZİZOGLU
Foodborne pathogenic bacteria are subject to different stressful conditions due to process conditions, storage and
composition of food. It is crucial to understand the survival characteristics of these bacteria to develop effective
measures to limit or eliminate their survival in food. EDTA is a chelating agent and commonly used in food formulations for its function to prevent discoloration or flavor loss in food and to extend shelf life. Due to its common
use in food industry, it is important to understand its antimicrobial function for possible interaction with other antimicrobials for elimination of foodborne pathogens. In this study, different foodborne pathogenic bacteria including
two Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli
O157:H7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria were characterized for their survival and
growth in the presence of EDTA (0.01 and 0.05%) and under acidic condition (pH 5.0). The presence of EDTA in the
growth media caused Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to become more susceptible to subsequent stressful
conditions compared to control (p<0.05). Gram-negative bacteria were more tolerant to acidic conditions as well as
presence of EDTA compared to Gram-positive bacteria (p<0.05). This study provides insight on survival characteristics of foodborne pathogenic bacteria against selected stress conditions they are exposed in food and highlights the
antimicrobial function of EDTA in food formulations.
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Rania Aydi Ben ABDALLAH, Hayfa JABNOUN KHİAREDDİNE, Mejda DAAMİ REMADİ
Rania Aydi Ben ABDALLAH, Hayfa JABNOUN KHİAREDDİNE, Mejda DAAMİ REMADİ
Changes in the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome are influenced by many factors. In the current investigation,
the microbial community composition in the rhizosphere of four potato cultivars was monitored using the soil dilution
plating technique on specific media. Tested cultivars were grown for two consecutive cropping seasons. Initial soil
samples were collected before planting to assess the initial microbial soil species pool. During the growing period,
rhizosphere samples were collected at three timing points. For both cropping seasons, the pH and EC of the rhizosphere varied upon sampling periods but not between cultivars. Bacterial and fungal populations at both cropping
seasons and that of actinomycetes at the late-season crop were significantly increased by 35-55%, 14-18% and 17-
42%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of all grown potato cultivars as compared to the initial soil stage. The relative
abundance of Pseudomonas spp., actinomycetes, Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. populations for all potato cultivars combined were 17.4, 26-64, 51-59 and 10-14% higher at the late-season than at the extra-early cropping season, respectively. For both cropping seasons and all sampled soils combined, the highest abundancies of fungal and
actinomycetes communities were recorded at plant senescence and 15 days post-harvest. The total culturable bacteria
were more relevant at plant emergence and 15 days post-harvest for the late-season crop and at plant senescence for
the extra-early crop. The total culturable bacteria were more abundant in the rhizosphere of cvs. Spunta, Elata and
El-Mundo at the late-season crop and that of cvs. Spunta and El-Mundo for the extra-early trial. The highest Pseudomonas spp. populations were associated to cvs. Cerata, Elata, and El-Mundo for the late-season crop and to Spunta,
Elata and El-Mundo for the extra-early crop. The highest fungi counts were noted in the rhizosphere of cv. El-Mundo
at the late-season crop and in Spunta for the extra-early trial.
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Damla ÖZSAYIN
Damla ÖZSAYIN
The study was carried out in the districts of Harmacık, Keles, Orhaneli and Büyükorhan known as the mountain region
of Bursa province, Turkey with the purpose of determining factors affecting farmers’ use of artificial insemination
in dairy farming. The number of the farms was determined using a stratified random sampling method. The data
were collected from 252 dairy cattle farms between April and December 2018. The study employed the logit model
to evaluate the data. The results revealed that the educational level of the farmers, dairy farming experience, the
number of dairy cattle, livestock diseases, off-farm income, artificial insemination support and access to veterinary
services variables had a positive effect on farmers’ use of artificial insemination; whereas age and household size
variables had a negative impact. As a result, the use of artificial insemination in dairy farm can be increased with
farmers who are open to innovations regarding livestock activity and knowledgeable about artificial insemination.
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