The important question in the Ottoman modernization is not how it happened, but rather who made it happen in what way. It is important to study the process of modernization of the ottoman society, and the related modernization of the state apparatus by sculpting it to adhere to western norms, by examining by whom, following what criteria, and chasing what goals it was accomplished. In this context it is necessary to get to the roots of Ottoman modernization and subsequently get an understanding of the bureaucratic structure of the state to grasp the various components of Ottoman modernization. If viewed in this context, the Ottoman modernization, which in our time is more or less frequently debated for its rate of success, or the lack thereof, in terms of social, economical and political achievement, can be looked upon as a project of “saving the state”. Processed in this matter, Ottoman modernization can seem a matter of bureaucracy and not a matter of society. Even though this particular category of people proceeded with a mission of saving the state, they were in a multi facetted struggle to “create a new Ottoman society” according to their own views. This process proceeded in a matter detached from the people, without any understanding of the people’s troubles, as a forcibly carried out total modernization of the state and the society, and also led to a problematic understanding of reform in present time. In time, this understanding carried the state and the society to a process resembling “Westernization”, but subsequently repeatedly inflicted the country with “painful” developments in the name of modernization. In this sense, the wishes and requirements of the society and the bureaucracy have largely failed to overlap. This situation has from time to time made Turkish modernization seem a project mainly consistent of bureaucratic objectives, without acceptance in the gross majority of the people.