Yıl: 2011 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 2111 - 2134 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi

Öz:
Son yıllarda tüm dil ve beceri öğretimi yaklaşımlarının birleşimi olarak kabul edilen dengeli okuma yazma yaklaşımı, dil öğretiminde giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Okul genelinde gerçekleştirilmiş olan bu eylem araştırmasının amacı dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi ortamı yaratmak ve Anadolu Üniversitesi, Engelliler Entegre Yüksekokulu’na devam eden işitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma yazma öğretimine dayalı etkinliklerin etkilerini betimlemektir. Bu araştırma 2005 Güz ve 2009 Bahar eğitim öğretim dönemlerinde yapılmıştır. Okuldaki gönüllü öğrenciler ve öğretim elemanları araştırmanın katılımcılarıdır. Okuldaki sekiz deneyimli öğretim elemanı sürekli ve sistematik olarak verileri gözden geçirmişlerdir. Çeşitli verilere süregelen nitel olarak betimsel ve tümevarımsal ve nicel olarak betimsel veri analizleri uygulanmıştır. Bu makalede gerçekleştirilen dengeli okuma yazma öğrenme öğretme modelinin işleyişi ve öğrencilerdeki etkilerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu araştırmada uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretiminin uygulanmasının öğrencilerin okuma-yazma becerilerinin gelişmesine, okuma-yazma-dil derslerini uygulayan öğretim elemanlarının mesleki ve kişisel gelişimlerine, okuldaki öğretim programının kapsamının ve uygulanışının gelişimine olumlu katkıları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen bulgularla işitme engelli öğrencilerin okuma yazmalarıyla ilgili öğretim programlarının hazırlanmasına, ulusal ve uluslararası alanyazına katkıda bulunulacağı beklenmektedir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Eğitim, Özel

An examination of balanced literacy instructional model implemented to youths with hearing loss

Öz:
Recently, the balanced literacy approach, a combination of whole language and skill development approaches has received attention in literacy instruction. The purpose of this school-based action research was to create a balanced literacy environment, and to describe the impacts of the various instructional activities based on the balanced literacy approach on literacy development of the youths with hearing loss attending a vocational school for the handicapped, Anadolu University, Turkey. This study was conducted between 2005 Fall Term and 2009 Spring Term. The volunteer students and the school instructors were the main participants of the study. Eight experienced faculty members of the school continuously and systematically reviewed the data. An ongoing qualitative (inductive and descriptive) and quantitative (descriptive ) data analyses were applied to various kind data sources. This article summarizes the emerged literacy instruction model and some of the achievements. This action research effort provided some improvements for the literacy instructional programs applied in the School and the literacy performance of the hearing impaired students. Based on the outcomes of the study efforts, it is also expected that this set of data would provide basis for creating literacy curricula and the area of literacy of hearing impaired students in Turkey and abroad.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Eğitim, Özel
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Bibliyografik
  • Aksoy, N. (2003). Eylem araştırması: Eğitimsel uygulamaları iyileştirme ve değiştirmede kullanılacak bir yöntem. Eğitim Yönetimi, 36, 474-489.
  • Alber, S. R. (1999). Focus on mainstreaming ‘I Don’t Like To Write, But I Love To Get Published’: Using a classroom newspaper to motivate reluctant writers. Reading & Writing Quarterly, 15, 355-360.
  • Albertini, J. A., & Schley, S. (2003). Writing, characteristics, instruction and assessment. In M. Marschark, & E. P. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of deaf studies, language and education (pp. 97-109). New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Andrews, J. F., & Gonzales, K. (1991). Free writing of deaf children in kindergarten. Sign language Studies, 73, 63-78.
  • Andrews, J. F., & Mason, J. (1986). How do deaf readers learn about prereading? American Annals of the Deaf, 131 (3), 210- 217.
  • Arfé, B., & Boscolo, P. (2006). Causal coherence in deaf and hearing students’ written narratives. Discourse Processess, 42 (3), 271-300.
  • Asselin, M. (1999). Balanced literacy. Teacher Librarian, 27 (1), 69-70.
  • Balanced reading instruction. (2005). Review of literature. Retrieved 27 August, 2005 from www.ncrel.org/sdrs/timely/ briiss.htm.
  • Berent, G. P. (1996). The acquisition of English syntax by deaf learners. In W. Ritchie, & T. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 469-506). San Diego: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Beverly, J. (1993). Teacher-as-researcher. Washington, D.C: ERIC Clearinghouse on Teacher Education.
  • Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (2007). Qualitative research for education: An introduction to theory and methods. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Brantlinger, E., Jimenez, R., Klingner, J., Pugach, M., & Richardson, V. (2005). Qualitative studies in special education. Exceptional Children, 71, 195-207.
  • Butler, D., & Clay, M. (1983). Reading begins at home: Preparing children for reading before they go to school. Portsmouth, NH: Heinneman Educational Books.
  • Cambra, C. (1994). An instructional program approach to improve hearing impaired adolescents’ narratives: A pilot study. The Volta Review, 96 (3), 237-246.
  • Conway, D. (1985). Children (re)creating writing: A preliminary look at the purposes of free-choice writing of hearing impaired kindergarteners. The Volta Review, 87, 91-107.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (2nd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Cüceloğlu, D. (2008). Korku kültürü. İstanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.
  • de Villiers, P. (1991). English literacy development in deaf children: Directions for research and intervention. In J. Miller (Ed.), Research on child language disorders: A decade of progress (pp. 349-378). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
  • de Villiers, P., & Pomerantz, S. (1992). Hearing impaired students learning new words from written context. Applied Pscycholinguistics, 13, 409-431.
  • deVito, J. A. (1989). The interpersonal communication book. New York: Harper& Row Publishers.
  • Dinkelman, T. (1997). The promise of action research for critically reflective teacher education. The Teacher Educator, 32 (4), 250-257.
  • Dobert, M. L. (1984). Ethnographic research. Theory and application for modern schools and societies. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers.
  • Duchan, J. F. (1988). Assessing communication of hearing impaired children: Influences from pragmatics. In L. W. Kretschmer & R. R. Kretschmer (Eds.), Communication assessment of hearing impaird children: From Conversation to classroom (pp. 19-40). The Journal of the Academiy of Rehabilitative Audiology Monograph Supplement, XXI
  • Eisner, W. E., & Peshkin, A. (1990). Qualitative inquiry in education. The continuing debate. New York ve London: Teachers College, Columbia University.
  • Erdiken, B. (2003). İşitme engelli yüksekokul öğrencilerinin yazılı anlatım becerileri. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 1493. İşitme Engelliler Yüksekokulu Yayınları No: 5.
  • Erickson, M. (1987). Deaf readers reading beyond literal. American Annals of the Deaf, 132, 291-294.
  • Evans, C. J. (2004). Literacy development in deaf students: Case studies in bilingual teaching and learning. American Annals of the Deaf, 149 (1), 17-27.
  • Ewoldt, C. (1981). A psycholinguistic description of selected deaf children readings in sign language. Reading Research Quarterly, 17, 58-89.
  • Ewoldt, C. (1985). A descriptive study of developing literacy of young hearing impaired children. The Volta Review, 87, 109- 337.
  • Ferrance, E. (2000). Themes in education. Action research. LAB. A program of the Education Alliance. Northeast and Islands Regional Educational Laboratory at Brown University.
  • Fischler, I. (1985). Word recognition, use of context, and reading skills among college students. Reading Research Quarterly, 20, 203-218.
  • Fisher, R., & Williams, M. (2001). Unlocking literacy. A guide for teachers. London: David Fulton Publishers.
  • Girgin, Ü. (1999). Eskişehir ili ilkokulları 4. ve 5. sınıf işitme engelli öğrencilerin okumayı öğrenme durumlarının çözümleme ve anlama düzeylerine göre değerlendirilmesi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 1168, Eğitim Fakültesi Yayınları No: 62.
  • Goodman, K. (1986). What’s whole in whole language. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann Educational Books.
  • Graves, D. H. (1983). Writing: Teachers and children at work. Porstmouth, NH: Heinneman Educational Books.
  • Griffith, P. L., & Ripich, D. N. (1988). Story structure recall in hearing-ımpaired, learning-disabled and nondisabled children. American Annals of the Deaf, 133 (1), 43-50.
  • Harp, B., & Brewer, J. A. (2005). The informed reading teacher. Research- based practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Hensen, K. T. (1996). Teachers as researcher. In J. Skula (Ed.), Handbook of research on teacher education (2nd ed., pp. 53-66 ). New York: Macmillan.
  • Hirsh-Pasek, K. (1987). The metalinguistics of fingerspelling: An alternative way to increase written vocabulary in congenitally deaf readers. Reading Research Quarterly, 22, 455-474.
  • Hitchcock, G., & Hughes, D. (1995). Research and the teacher. A qualitative introduction to school-based research. London and New York: Routledge.
  • Holt, J. (1993). Stanford achivement test-8th edition. Reading comprehension subgroup results. American Annals of the Deaf, 138, 172-175.
  • Howell, J. J., & Luckner, L. J. (2009). Helping one deaf student develop content literacy. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 25 (1), 23-27.
  • Johnson, A. P. (2002). A Short guide to action research. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Kelly, L. P. (1993). Recall of English function words and inflections by skilled and average deaf readers. American Annals of the Deaf, 138, 288-296.
  • Kelly, L. (1995). Processing of bottom-up and top-down information by skilled and average deaf readers and implications for whole language instruction. Exceptional Children, 61, 318-334.
  • Kelly, L. P. (1996). The interaction of syntactic competence and vocabulary during reading by deaf students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1, 75-90.
  • Kelly, L. P. (1998). Using silent motion pictures to teach complex syntax to adult deaf readers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1, 75-90.
  • King, C. M., & Quigley, S. P. (1985). Reading and deafness. London: College-Hill Press, Inc.
  • Kluwin, T. N., & Kelly, A. B. (1992). Implementing a successful writing program in public schools for students who are deaf. Exceptional Children, 59, 41-53.
  • Kretschmer, R. R., & Kretschmer, L. W. (1978). Language development and intervention with the hearing impaired. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • LaSasso, C. J., & Mobley, R. T. (1997). National survey of reading instruction for deaf or hard of hearing students in the U.S. The Volta Review, 99, 31-58.
  • Lehr, F. (1995). Revision in the writing process. ERIC/REC Digest (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 379 664).
  • Luckner, J. L., Sebald, A. M., Cooney, J., YoungIII, J., & Goodwin, M. S. (2006). An examination of the evidence based literacy research in deaf education. American Annals of the Deaf, 150 (5), 443-456.
  • Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design. An interactive approach. Applied Social Research Methoda Series Vol: 41. Thoudand Oaks, London, New Delhi: Sage.
  • McGill-Franzen, A., & Gormley, K. A. (1980). The influence of context on deaf readers’ understanding of passive sentences. American Annals of the Deaf, 125, 937-942.
  • McLoughlin, J. A., & Lewis, R. B. (2005). Assessing students with special needs. Upper Saddler River NJ: Pearson Education.
  • McNiff, J., Lomax, P., & Whitehead, J. (1996). You and your action research project. New York: Routlegde.
  • McTaggart, R. (1997). Reading the collection. In R. McTaggart (Ed.), Participatory action research (pp. 1-12). Albany, NY: Suny Press.
  • Mills, G. E. (2003). Action research. A guide for the teacher researcher. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Musselman, C. (2000). How do children who can’t hear learn to read an alphabetic script? A review of the literature on reading and deafness. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 3, 245-257.
  • Oosterhof, A. (1999). Developing and using classroom assessments. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Pakulsky, L. A., & Kaderavek, J. N. (2001). Narrative production by children who are deaf or hard of hearing: The effect of role play. The Volta Review, 103 (3), 127-139.
  • Paris, S. G., Wasik, B. A., & Turner, J. C. (1991). The development of strategic readers. In R. Barr, M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, P. D. Pearson (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. 2, pp. 609-640). New York: Longman.
  • Paul, P. V. (1998). Literacy and deafness. The development of reading, writing and literate thought. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Paul, P. V. (2001). Language and deafness. San Diego, CA: Singular
  • Paul, P. V. (2003). Processes and components of reading. In M. Marschark & E. P. Spencer (Eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language and education (pp. 97-109). New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.
  • Pearson, D. P., Raphael, T. E., Benson, V. L., & Madda L. C. (2007). Balance in comprehensive literacy instruciton: Then and now. In L. B. Gambrell, L. M. Morrow, & M. Pressley (Eds.), Best Practices in literacy instruction (pp. 30-57). NY and London: The Guilford Press.
  • Pressley, M., Roehrig, A., Bogner, K., Raphael, L. M., & Dolezal, S. (2002). Balanced literacy instruction. Focus on Exceptional Children, 34 (5), 1-14.
  • Ramsey, J., & Conway, D. F. (1995). Time and time again: Using mini –lessons within thematic units. The Volta Review, 97 (5), 95-116.
  • Reutzel, D. R., & Cooter, R. B. (1992). Teaching children to read. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc.
  • Rotenberg, C., & Searfoss, L. (1992). Becoming literate in a preschool class: Literacy development of hearing impaired children. Journal of Reading Behavior, 24, 463-479.
  • Rubin, D., & Opitz, M. F. (2007). Diagnosis and Improvement in Reading Instruction (5th ed.). Boston, San Francisco, New York: Pearson Education Inc.
  • Ruiz, N. (1995). A young deaf child learns to write: Implications for literacy development. The Reading Teacher, 49, 206- 217.
  • Schirmer, R. B. (1997). Boosting reading success. Teaching Exceptional Children, 30 (1), 52-55.
  • Schirmer, R. B. (2000). Language and literacy development in children who are deaf. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.
  • Schumuck, R. A. (1997). Practical action research for change. Arlington Heights, IL: IRI/Skylight.
  • Standiford, S. N. (1984). Metacomprehension. ERIC clearinghouse on reading and communication skill. Retrieved 23 January, 2006 from http://vtaide.com/png/ERIC/Metacomprehension. htm.
  • Strassman, B. K. (1997) Metacognition and reading in children who are deaf: A review of the research. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2, 140–9.
  • Tompkins, G. E. (2007). Literacy for the 21st century, teacahing reading and writing in prekindergarten through grade 4. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio: Merril Prentice- Hall, Inc.
  • Truax, R. R. (1985). Linking research to teaching to facilitate reading-writing-communication connections. The Volta Review, 87, 155-169.
  • Turgut, M. F. (1983). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme. Ankara: Saydam Matbaacılık.
  • Uzuner, Y. (1991). An investigation of a hearing mother’s reading aloud efforts to her preschool age hearing and hearing impaired chidlren before bedtime. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati.
  • Uzuner, Y. (2008). İlk okuma yazma öğretiminde ölçme değerlendirme. G. Can (Ed.), İlk okuma ve yazma öğretimi içinde (s. 209-237). Eskişehir: T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 1797, Açıköğretim Fakültesi Yayını No: 932.
  • Uzuner Y., İçden, G., Girgin, Ü., Beral, A., & Kırcaali-İftar, G. (2005). An examination of ımpacts of text related questions on story grammar acquisition of three Turkish youths with hearing loss. International Journal of Special Education, 20 (2), 111-121.
  • Uzuner, Y., Kırcaali-İftar, G., & Karasu, H. P. (2005). Comparing the effects of various procedures on reconstruction of narratives according to story grammar of a youth with hearing loss. The Reading Matrix, 5 (2), 15-27.
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (trans M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner & R. Sourberman). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
  • Walker, B. J. (2005). Techniques for reading assessment and instruction. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.
  • Walker, L., Munro, J., & Rickards, F. W. (1998). Literal and inferencial comprehension for student who are deaf or hard of hearing. The Volta Review, 100 (2), 87-104.
  • Willams, C. (1994). The language and literacy worlds of three profundly deaf preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 29, 125-255.
  • Wilson, K. (1979). Inference and language processing in hearing and deaf children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University.
  • Wurst, D., Jones, D., & Luckner, J. (2005). Promotig literacy development with students who are deaf, hard of hearing and hearing. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37 (5), 56-62.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yin, K. R. (2003). Case study research. London: Sage.
  • Yoshinaga-Itano, C., & Downey, D. M. (1996). The effect of hearing loss on the development of metacognitive strategies in written language. The Volta Review, 98 (1), 97-144.
APA Uzuner Y, GİRGİN Ü, KAYA Z, Karasu G, GİRİGİN M, ERDİKEN B, CAVKAYTAR S, TANRIDILER A (2011). İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. , 2111 - 2134.
Chicago Uzuner Yildiz,GİRGİN Ümit,KAYA ZEHRANUR,Karasu Güzin,GİRİGİN M. Cem,ERDİKEN BEHRAM,CAVKAYTAR SERAP,TANRIDILER AYSE İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. (2011): 2111 - 2134.
MLA Uzuner Yildiz,GİRGİN Ümit,KAYA ZEHRANUR,Karasu Güzin,GİRİGİN M. Cem,ERDİKEN BEHRAM,CAVKAYTAR SERAP,TANRIDILER AYSE İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. , 2011, ss.2111 - 2134.
AMA Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. . 2011; 2111 - 2134.
Vancouver Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. . 2011; 2111 - 2134.
IEEE Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A "İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi." , ss.2111 - 2134, 2011.
ISNAD Uzuner, Yildiz vd. "İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi". (2011), 2111-2134.
APA Uzuner Y, GİRGİN Ü, KAYA Z, Karasu G, GİRİGİN M, ERDİKEN B, CAVKAYTAR S, TANRIDILER A (2011). İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11(4), 2111 - 2134.
Chicago Uzuner Yildiz,GİRGİN Ümit,KAYA ZEHRANUR,Karasu Güzin,GİRİGİN M. Cem,ERDİKEN BEHRAM,CAVKAYTAR SERAP,TANRIDILER AYSE İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri 11, no.4 (2011): 2111 - 2134.
MLA Uzuner Yildiz,GİRGİN Ümit,KAYA ZEHRANUR,Karasu Güzin,GİRİGİN M. Cem,ERDİKEN BEHRAM,CAVKAYTAR SERAP,TANRIDILER AYSE İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, vol.11, no.4, 2011, ss.2111 - 2134.
AMA Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri. 2011; 11(4): 2111 - 2134.
Vancouver Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri. 2011; 11(4): 2111 - 2134.
IEEE Uzuner Y,GİRGİN Ü,KAYA Z,Karasu G,GİRİGİN M,ERDİKEN B,CAVKAYTAR S,TANRIDILER A "İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi." Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 11, ss.2111 - 2134, 2011.
ISNAD Uzuner, Yildiz vd. "İşitme engelli gençlere uygulanan dengeli okuma-yazma öğretimi modelinin incelenmesi". Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri 11/4 (2011), 2111-2134.