This article studies the activities of the inspectors in the country tasked to investigate the changing perception of population and to increase the population in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century. Throughout history, nearly all the societies have been interested in the population increase and have developed policies, in the classical period, the ottomans regarded the population as the source of tax and troops and they used them in the reconstruction of the captured lands. In the 19th century the ottoman state, census began to be conducted due to the effects of the bureaucratic state and population theories and the organisations concerning the population services were established. With the increase of the population regarded as the development of the civilisation, a powerful ottoman creativeness was emphasized in the fields of trade, industry, agriculture and military. To this end, directions were given to the local authorities and the parents were convinced through the inspectors in order to curtail the expenditures which were the most important hindrance to the marriages regarded as the true reason behind the population increase.