The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions

Çeşitli sistemler tarafından oluşturulan elektromanyetik alanın kalp pili fonksiyonları üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı mobil telefonların kalp pili fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla 679 kalıcı kalp pilli hasta üzerinde çalışıldı. Çalışma iki basamak halinde uygulandı. Kalp pili lead polaritesi birinci basamakta unipolar, ikinci basamakta bipolar olarak ayarlandı. Her iki basamakta kalp pili sensitivitesi önce nominal değerlerde iken, daha sonrada o kalp pili için minimal değere indirilerek test yapıldı. Kalp pili cebine göre simetrik olarak yerleştirilen iki farklı mobil telefon (power output 2W, GSM 900 MHz) ile 50 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm, 10 cm ve mobil telefon antenleri kalp pili cebi ile temas ettirilerek, mobil telefonların açılma, standby, çaldırma, konuşulma ve telefonların kapatılması aşamasında test yapıldı. Otuzyedi kalp pilli hastada etkilenme saptandı (%5.5). Lead polaritesinin unipolar olması durumunda etkilenme bipolar olmasına göre daha fazlaydı (Sırayla %4.12, %1.40, p<0.05). Sensitivitenin artırılması kalp pili etkilenme oranı üzerinde tek başına etkili değildi (p>0.05). Etkilenme açısından iki ve tek boşluklu kalp pilleri arasında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Bir DDD-R kalp pilinde ventriküler tetiklenme, 33 VVI(R) kalp pilinde asenkron moda geçiş ve 3 VVI kalp pilinde inhibisyon saptandı. Kalp pili yaşı ilerledikçe mobil telefondan etkilenme oranı artıyordu (p<0.05). Etkilenmelerin hepsi reversibl idi. Sonuç olarak mobil telefonlar belli şartlar altında kalp pili fonksiyonları üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilirler. Etkilenme durumu, kalp pili inhibisyonu hariç hastalarda önemli bir semptoma neden olmaz ve mobil telefonun uzaklaştırılmasıyla normale döner.

Anahtar Kelime: Kalp pili, yapay Elektromanyetik Telefon

Konular: Kalp ve Kalp Damar Sistemi

Mobil telefonların kalp pili fonksiyonları üzerindeki etkileri

Öz:

The negative effect of the electromagnetic field generated by different systems on the pacemaker functions is very well known. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. A total of 679 patients with permanent pacemakers enrolled in this study. The study was performed in two steps. Pacemaker lead polarity was unipolar in the first step and bipolar in the second step. Pacemaker sensitivity was first at nominal values, yet it was reduced to the minimal value for that pacemaker and then tested. Two mobile phones (power output 2W, GSM 900 MHz) were symmetrically located on either sides of the pacemaker pocket with the antenna being at distances of 50, 30, 20 and 10 cm and at close contact with the pocket. The tests were performed when both mobiles were opened, on stand-by, receiving a call, during the call and were closed. Thirty-seven patients with pacemakers were affected (5.5%). When the lead polarity was unipolar, the rate of being affected was higher when compared to the bipolar state (4.12% and 1.40%, respectively, p<0.05). The increase in sensitivity was not an independent factor on the rate of being affected (p>0.05). There was not any difference between the single and dual-chamber pacemakers in the rate of being affected. There was ventricular triggering in one DDD-R pacemaker, transition to asynchronous mode in 33 VVI(R) pacemakers and inhibition in 3 VVI pacemakers. The rate of being affected was increased as the pacemaker got age (p<0.05). All of these episodes were reversible. In conclusion, mobile phones might have negative effects on pacemaker functions under certain conditions. This does not result in any symptoms other than the inhibition of pacemakers and returns to normal when the mobile phones are taken away

Anahtar Kelime: Telephone Pacemaker, Artificial Electromagnetics

Konular: Kalp ve Kalp Damar Sistemi

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Diğer Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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Accepted: 20 February, revision 22 October 2002
Address for all correspondence: İzzet Tandoğan, Yeşil Vadi sok., Dikmen Vadisi Konut Kuleleri, A Blok 37/17, 06451 Dikmen - Ankara , Turkey

APA	TANDOĞAN İ, Temizhan A, Yetkin E, GÜRAY Y, İLERİ M, DURU E, ŞAŞMAZ A, ÇEHRELİ S, KÖSE K (2002). The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. , 699 - 709.
Chicago	TANDOĞAN İzzet,Temizhan Ahmet,Yetkin Ertan,GÜRAY Yeşim,İLERİ Mehmet,DURU Erdal,ŞAŞMAZ Ali,ÇEHRELİ Sengül,KÖSE Kenan The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. (2002): 699 - 709.
MLA	TANDOĞAN İzzet,Temizhan Ahmet,Yetkin Ertan,GÜRAY Yeşim,İLERİ Mehmet,DURU Erdal,ŞAŞMAZ Ali,ÇEHRELİ Sengül,KÖSE Kenan The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. , 2002, ss.699 - 709.
AMA	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. . 2002; 699 - 709.
Vancouver	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. . 2002; 699 - 709.
IEEE	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K "The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions." , ss.699 - 709, 2002.
ISNAD	TANDOĞAN, İzzet vd. "The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions". (2002), 699-709.

APA	TANDOĞAN İ, Temizhan A, Yetkin E, GÜRAY Y, İLERİ M, DURU E, ŞAŞMAZ A, ÇEHRELİ S, KÖSE K (2002). The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 30(11), 699 - 709.
Chicago	TANDOĞAN İzzet,Temizhan Ahmet,Yetkin Ertan,GÜRAY Yeşim,İLERİ Mehmet,DURU Erdal,ŞAŞMAZ Ali,ÇEHRELİ Sengül,KÖSE Kenan The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 30, no.11 (2002): 699 - 709.
MLA	TANDOĞAN İzzet,Temizhan Ahmet,Yetkin Ertan,GÜRAY Yeşim,İLERİ Mehmet,DURU Erdal,ŞAŞMAZ Ali,ÇEHRELİ Sengül,KÖSE Kenan The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, vol.30, no.11, 2002, ss.699 - 709.
AMA	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2002; 30(11): 699 - 709.
Vancouver	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2002; 30(11): 699 - 709.
IEEE	TANDOĞAN İ,Temizhan A,Yetkin E,GÜRAY Y,İLERİ M,DURU E,ŞAŞMAZ A,ÇEHRELİ S,KÖSE K "The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions." Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi, 30, ss.699 - 709, 2002.
ISNAD	TANDOĞAN, İzzet vd. "The effects of mobile phones on pacemaker functions". Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi 30/11 (2002), 699-709.