Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 168 - 175 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network

Öz:
Prediction of the drag forces acting on a truck trailer with/without spoiler is carried out by using artificial neural network (ANN). ANN model data set include the experiments of spoiler positions which have zero level to trailer front corner, -2 mm, -4.5 mm, -9 mm, +4.5 mm and +9 mm and truck trailer without spoiler. The experiments were carried out in the wind tunnel in the range of the free stream velocity between 4.6 m/s and 19.3 m/s, corresponding the Re number range, 1.0×105 -5.0×105. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for training, validation and testing is 2.24%, 3.75% and 4.58% in the prediction of the drag forces, respectively. Prediction performance of the developed ANN model has a very good accuracy. According to the drag coefficients results, Reynolds number independence for truck trailer model is obtained at Reynolds number between 1.97×105 and 4.89×105. For spoiler position cases, while minimum drag coefficient acting on truck trailer with spoiler is seen at - 2mm offset, maximum drag coefficient is seen at -9 mm offset
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Mühendislik, Makine
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • [1] M. Amitay, D.R. Smith, V. Kibens, D.E. Parekh, A. Glezer, "Aerodynamic flow control over an unconventional airfoil using synthetic jet actuators", AIAA J. Vol. 39, pp. 361-370, 2001.
  • [2] M. El-Alti, V. Chernoray, P. Kjellgren, L. Hjelm, L. Davidson, "Computations and fullscale tests of active flow control applied on a VOLVO truck-trailer in Aerodyn. Heavy Veh. III ", Springer International Publishing, Vol. 79, pp. 253-267, 2016.
  • [3] Y.E. Akansu, E. Fırat, "Control of flow around a square prism by slot jet injection from the rear surface", Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., Vol. 34, pp. 906-914, 2010.
  • [4] Y.E. Akansu, F. Karakaya, A. Şanlısoy, "Active control of flow around naca 0015 airfoil by using DBD plasma actuator", EPJ Web Conf., Vol. 45, pp. 1008, 2013.
  • [5] Y.E. Akansu, M. Sarioglu, T. Yavuz, "Flow around a rotatable circular cylinderplate body at subcritical Reynolds numbers", AIAA J., Vol. 42, pp. 1073-1080, 2004.
  • [6] M. Sarioglu, Y.E. Akansu, T. Yavuz, "Flow around a rotatable square cylinderplate body", AIAA J., Vol. 44, pp. 1065- 1072, 2006.
  • [7] P. Gilliéron, A. Kourta, "Aerodynamic drag reduction by vertical splitter plates", Exp. Fluids., Vol.48, pp. 1-16, 2010.
  • [8] M. Özel, E. Aygün, Y.E. Akansu, C. Bayındırlı, M. Seyhan, The passive flow control around a truck-trailer model / Bir kamyon römork modeli etrafındaki pasif akış kontrolü, Int. J. Automot. Eng. Technol., Vol. 4, Issue 4, pp. 185-192, 2016.
  • [9] Y.E. Akansu, C. Bayindirli, M. Seyhan, "The improvement of drag force on a truck trailer vehicle by passive flow control methods", Journal Therm. Sci. Technol., Vol. 36, pp. 133-141, 2016.
  • [10] M. El-Alti, V. Chernoray, M. Jahanmiri, L. Davidson, "Experimental and computational studies of active flow control on a model truck-trailer", EPJ Web Conf., Vol. 25, pp. 01012, 2012.
  • [11] G.M.R. Van Raemdonck, M.J.L. Van Tooren, "Numerical and Wind Tunnel Analysis Together with Road Test of Aerodynamic Add-Ons for Trailers in Aerodyn. Heavy Veh. III", Springer International Publishing, Vol. 79, pp. 237- 252, 2016.
  • [12] G. Fourrié, L. Keirsbulck, L. Labraga, P. Gilliéron, "Bluff-body drag reduction using a deflector", Exp. Fluids., Vol. 50, pp. 385- 395, 2011.
  • [13] W.R. Lanser, J.C. Ross, A.E. Kaufman, "Aerodynamic Performance of a Drag Reduction Device on a Full-Scale Tractor/Trailer", SAE Technical Paper, 1991.
  • [14] B. Khalighi, S. Zhang, C. Koromilas, S.R. Balkanyi, L.P. Bernal, G. Iaccarino, P. Moin, "Experimental and Computational Study of Unsteady Wake Flow Behind a Bluff Body with a Drag Reduction Device", SAE Technical Paper, 2001.
  • [15] C. Bayındırlı, Y.E. Akansu, M.S. Salman, The Determination Of Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient Of Truck and Trailer Model By Wind Tunnel Tests, Int. J. Automot. Eng. Technol. Vol. 5, Issue 2, pp. 56-60, 2016.
  • [16] C. Bayındırlı, Y.E. Akansu, M.S. Salman, D. Çolak, "The Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Structures of Truck and Trailer Combinations", Int. J. Automot. Eng. Technol. Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 139-145, 2015.
  • [17] C.M. Bishop, Neural networks and their applications, Rev. Sci. Instrum. Vol. 65, pp. 1803-1832, 1994.
  • [18] J.-D. Wu, J.-C. Liu, "Development of a predictive system for car fuel consumption using an artificial neural network", Expert Syst. Appl., Vol. 38, pp. 4967-4971, 2011.
  • [19] D.F. Kurtulus, "Ability to forecast unsteady aerodynamic forces of flapping airfoils by artificial neural network", Neural Comput. Appl. Vol., 18, pp. 359-368, 2009.
  • [20] J.C. Ross, C.C. Jorgenson, M. Norgaard, Reducing wind tunnel data requirements using neural networks, (1997).
  • [21] R.L. McMillen, J.E. Steck, K. Rokhsaz, "Application of an artificial neural network as a flight test data estimator", J. Aircr. Vol. 32, pp. 1088-1094, 1995.
  • [22] C.M. Ha, "Neural Networks Approach to AIAA Aircraft Control Design Challenge", Vol. 18, 1995.
  • [23] H.W. Coleman, W.G. Steele, Experimentation, validation, and uncertainty analysis for engineers, John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
  • [24]A. Paksoy, S. Aradag, Artificial Neural Network based prediction of time-dependent behavior for lid-driven cavity flows, J. Therm. Sci. Technol., Vol. 35, pp. 1-18, 2015.
  • [25] C.D. Lewis, "Industrial and Business Forecasting Methods", Butterworth Scientific, London, 1982.
APA SARIOĞLU M, SEYHAN M, AKANSUB Y (2016). Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. , 168 - 175.
Chicago SARIOĞLU MUSTAFA,SEYHAN Mehmet,AKANSUB Yahya Erkan Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. (2016): 168 - 175.
MLA SARIOĞLU MUSTAFA,SEYHAN Mehmet,AKANSUB Yahya Erkan Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. , 2016, ss.168 - 175.
AMA SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. . 2016; 168 - 175.
Vancouver SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. . 2016; 168 - 175.
IEEE SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y "Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network." , ss.168 - 175, 2016.
ISNAD SARIOĞLU, MUSTAFA vd. "Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network". (2016), 168-175.
APA SARIOĞLU M, SEYHAN M, AKANSUB Y (2016). Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 5(4), 168 - 175.
Chicago SARIOĞLU MUSTAFA,SEYHAN Mehmet,AKANSUB Yahya Erkan Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5, no.4 (2016): 168 - 175.
MLA SARIOĞLU MUSTAFA,SEYHAN Mehmet,AKANSUB Yahya Erkan Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, vol.5, no.4, 2016, ss.168 - 175.
AMA SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2016; 5(4): 168 - 175.
Vancouver SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network. International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 2016; 5(4): 168 - 175.
IEEE SARIOĞLU M,SEYHAN M,AKANSUB Y "Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network." International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies, 5, ss.168 - 175, 2016.
ISNAD SARIOĞLU, MUSTAFA vd. "Drag Force Estimation of a Truck Trailer Model Using Artificial Neural Network". International Journal of Automotive Engineering and Technologies 5/4 (2016), 168-175.