The family accepted as the fundamental mechanism for traditional social policy can be defined as a community which is consanguineous or related to one other through marriage and other legal ways, mostly living together inside the same house, where adults assume the responsibility of children and a community wherein the sexual, psychological, social, cultural and economic necessities of the members are met. The traditional extended family structure of the pre-industrialisation agricultural society has been disintegrated by the transformation in the production process and in the historical process, and some of its functions, such as education, heath, security have thus been transferred to certain public mechanisms. However, the family mechanism preserving some of basic functions is still regarded as a social organism today in social life which has no alternative and which is crucial. In this view, the transformations experienced in the structure of the agent of family have caused some differences in marriage, parent-children relations and in the status and roles of women and men in the family. The aim of the study is to analyse the transformation that the family underwent in the historical process and the eventual impacts on social policy with a theoretical point of view. To that end; in the first part, the traditional roles of the family ranging from primitive society to the industrialisation process and the transformation in these roles will be discussed within the framework of their implications with social policy; which will be followed by the scrutiny of the impacts of the fictional connections of nuclear family formed in the ex-industrialization period with the capitalist relations of production on the emergence of modern social policy; finally, the impacts of post-modern family structure of the 21st century and the emergent alternative family models on modern-day social policies will be assessed, as well